European Welding Standards
John Dyson
15th March 2004
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European Standards
Harmonised Standards
Not all EN Standards are Harmonised, only those that are considered to satisfy relevant
ESRs in product directives. Harmonised standards contain an appendix Z, which
defines which directives and ESRs the standard meets. For example:- EN ISO 15614 will
be harmonised, but other routes for weld procedure approval may not be, such as EN
ISO 15610, EN ISO 15611, EN ISO 15612 etc.
ISO Standards
There is a Gentleman s agreement that attempts to make all EN standards into ISO
standards and vice versa, but this does not work for all standards.
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Application Standards
EN 13445 : Pressure Vessels ( BS 5500)
EN 12952 : Water Tube Boilers ( BS 1113)
EN 12953 : Shell Boilers ( BS 2790)
EN 13480 : Piping ( BS 806, Not BS 2640, BS 2971)
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Summary of EN ISO Specifications
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Introduction to The Specification & Approval of Welding Procedures
EN 288 Part 1 Will Become EN ISO 15607
Material Grouping for both Procedures and Welder Approval
CR ISO 15608 this standard has no current EN equivalent
Contents of a WPS
EN 288 Part 2 Will Become EN ISO 15609 (Part 1 Arc, Part 2 for Gas welding)
Welding Procedure Test
EN 288 Part 3 will become EN ISO 15614 Part 1 (Steel and Nickel Alloys)
EN 288 Part 4 will become EN ISO 15614 Part 2 (aluminium and its alloys)
Other routes for procedure approval, such as previous experience, approved
consumables etc. Are unlikely to become harmonised for use with the PED
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Mechanical Testing
EN ISO 15614-1 adopts the same mechanical test as EN288-3, except that the bend test
minimum former angle has been increased from 120q to 180q and fillet welds require a
minimum of 4 macros. When impact testing is required the minimum thickness has
been reduced from 12mm to 6mm.
HARDNESS TESTING
EN ISO 15614-1 Makes no distinction between multi-pass and single pass welds. The
maximum values for material in group 1 and 2, is the same as that stated in EN288-3 for
single run welds ( non-heat treated 380Hv10 max, heat treated 320Hv10max)
All groups now have maximum hardness specified, except :-
" Group 6, Cr-Mo-V steels, non- heat  treated condition
Hardness Survey is not required for :-
Steels in Sub-group 1.1 (yield strength of 275N/mm2 or less)
Stainless Steels in Group 8
Nickel Alloys in Groups 41 to 48
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
MATERIAL GROUPING CR ISO 15608
Material Group EN ISO 15614-1 EN288-3
1 Re d" 460N/mm2 Re d" 360N/mm2
2 TMCP >360N/mm2 TMCP >360N/mm2
3 Q+T and PHd steels Q+T and PHd steels
4 1.5Ni,0.7Cr,0.7Mo,0.1V max 0.75Cr,0.6Mo,0.3V max
5 0.35C,10Cr,1.2Mo max 10Cr, 1.2Mo max
6 12.5Cr,1.2Mo,0.35V max 12.2Cr, 1.2Mo, 0.5V max
7 0.35C,30Cr 10 Ni max
8 Austenitic 10.5 d" Cr d" 30
9 Ni d" 10 (Cryogenic Steels) Austenitic
10 Duplex Duplex
11 0.25< C d" 0.5 0.25< C d" 0.5
41 to 48 Ni based alloys (Identical To ASME )
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
MATERIAL GROUPING
CR ISO 15608
Main Groups are sub-divided into sub groups
" Based on yield strength for carbon steel in groups 1, 2 and 3. However these sub
groups are not considered for material grouping in EN ISO 15614-1, the grouping is
based on same specified yield strength or less in the main group
(the same as EN288-3).
" Based on Alloy content for materials in all the other groups. EN ISO 15614-1, may
approve the steels in the same sub-group or all the lower sub groups in the main
group, depending on the suffix in EN ISO 15614-1 table 3:- (b) or (c)
" For example :- Group 8:- sub-group 8.1 Chrome d 19%
sub-group 8.2 Chrome > 19%
sub-group 8.3 Austenitic with 4< Mn d 12
A test in one sub group within group 8, approve all other steels in the same sub group
ONLY ( therefore a test in 304 approves 316, 347 and 321, but not 309 or 310)
Note :- Impact requirements do not affect the sub grouping approval range as they do
in the ASME code.
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
a) Covers the equal or
lower specified yield
strength steels of the
same group
b) Covers steels in the
same sub-group and any
lower sub-group within
the same group
c) Covers steels in the
same sub-group.
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Governing Thickness For Approval Range
The controlling thickness that determines the approval range in EN288-3 is dependant
on the joint type; for example:- the controlling thickness is that of the thicker part, for a
branch weld it s the thickness containing the joint preparation. However in EN ISO
15614 both thicknesses in the joint are given independent approval ranges if they differ.
The thickness range also applies to the deposit thickness of multiple process welds. It
is reasonable to consider a single run deposit in a multiple process weld to be a
multiple run weld in determining its individual approval range.
Note the different plate thickness approval range for fillet welds.
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
Butt and branch weld thickness and weld deposit
Test Piece
EN ISO15614-1 EN 288-3
Thickness (t)
and also
Deposit Thickness
Single run Multiple run Single run Multiple run
for multiple
process welds
d" 3mm 0.7t- 1.3t 0.7t - 2t 0.8t - 1.1t t - 2t
<3 d" 12mm 0.5t (3min) -1.3t 3mm - 2t 0.8t - 1.1t 3mm - 2t
>12 d" 100mm 0.5t-1.1t 0.5t - 2t 0.8t - 1.1t 0.5t - 2t
>100mm Not Applicable 50mm - 2t 0.8t - 1.1t 0.5t - 1.5t
Note:- The upper range of approval is 12mm if there is an impact
requirement and impact testing has not been carried out
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
Fillet weld thickness and Throat Thickness EN ISO15614-1
Plate Thickness Throat Thickness
Test Piece
Thickness (t)
Single run Multiple run
Single and Multiple Run
t d" 3mm 0.7t- 2t 0.75 a - 1.5 a No Restriction
3 < t < 30mm 0.5t (3min) - 1.2t 0.75 a - 1.5 a No Restriction
Throat thickness
t t 30mm t 5mm No Restriction
welded, No
approval range
Fillet welds Qualified by butt welds:- The throat thickness approval range is based on the deposit thickness and the plate
thickness range will have to be modified to that stated above.
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
On Diameter
EN ISO 15614-1 EN 288-3
Test Piece Approval Test Piece Approval
Pipe/tube 0.5-2D
< 25mm OD
0.5D-2D
<168.3mm OD
>25mm OD Pipe/tube e"0.5D and plates
e"0.5D
e" 168.3mm OD
Pipe >150mm in PA or PC Plate Pipe >500mm
Plate
Pipe > 500mm All Positions
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
Welding Position
The range of approval in EN ISO 15614-1 is exactly the same as EN 288-3.
If there is No impact or hardness survey requirement, one position covers all positions.
If Impact tests are required, the weld procedure approves other positions requiring the
same or less heat input
If a Hardness survey is required, the weld procedure approves other positions requiring
the same or higher heat input.
If a test includes both a high and low heat input position, then all intermediate heat
input positions are approved, refer to EN ISO 15614-1 figure 6
Note:- EN ISO 15614-1 requires heat input to be measured.
" When impacts are required the heat input is limited to + 25% of test value
" When Hardness is required the heat input is limited to - 25% of test value
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
Joint Type
The approval range for joint type in EN ISO 15614-1 and EN 288-3 are essentially the
same
For Example:-
Butt welds approve fillet welds
Single sided welds approve backed, double sided and back gouged welds
Butt welds approve T-butt welds
Butt welds in pipe approve branch connections With angles between 60° - 90°
Backed welds approve double sided welds
N.B. a fillet weld approves a fillet weld only BUT if mechanical properties are important
supplement with a butt weld
Shielding and backing gasses
Range of approval restricted to the EN439 gas symbol Or Restricted to Nominal
composition Used in test if no EN439 code exists. A weld made without a backing gas
also approves welding with a backing gas.
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Specifications & Approval of Welding Procedures
Range of Approval
Filler Metal EN ISO 15614-1
Filler Materials Cover Other materials subject to :-
" Equivalent mechanical properties
" Same type of covering, core or flux
" Same nominal composition
" Same or lower hydrogen content
If impact there is an impact requirement then the filler metal can not be changed from
the brand used in the procedure test. This does not apply to solid wires of the same
designation and nominal composition.
The size of the filler metal can be changed providing the heat input requirements, if
required, are met.
Weld with a filler metal does no approve welds made without filler, or vice versa
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EN ISO 15614 Part 8 Tube to tube-plate joints
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EN ISO 15614 Part 8 Tube to tube-plate joints
Requirements similar to BS4870 Part 3
Welder Approvals to : EN ISO 9606 Part 1- 5 / EN1418 (Mechanised)
Size Of Test piece :-
Tube D < 40mm 10 tubes for Triangular Pitch, 12 for square
Tube D >= 40mm 7 tubes for Triangular Pitch, 9 for square
One pitch type approves all pitch types with the same or greater ligament dimension
(d1)
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EN ISO 15614 Part 8 Tube to tube-plate joints
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EN ISO 15614 Part 8 Tube to tube-plate joints
Testing Requirements
Visual
" Penetrant
" Radiography to EN1435
" Macro 2 off full width and length of test piece (Along A and B)
" Hardness survey for materials in group 2,3,4,5,6,7
" Push Out Test Optional
The standard has its own acceptance criterion similar to EN ISO 5817
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EN ISO 15614 Part 8 Tube to tube-plate joints
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EN ISO 9606 Welder Approval Testing
Note, the proposed revision to ISO 9606 Part 1 has not been agreed.
Therefore EN287 Part 1 will continue, and all references in this document
to ISO9606 Part 1 should read the latest version of EN287 Part 1
This does not affect the other parts of ISO 9606
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EN ISO 9606 Welder Approval Testing
Note:- this standard should not be confused with ISO 9606 which currently
exists, only the EN version is harmonised.
" EN 287 Part 1 : 2004 {was to have be replaced by EN ISO 9606 Part 1 but
agreement could not be reached} : Published
Fusion Welding Of Steel Materials
" EN ISO 9606 Part 2 {Replaces EN287 Part 2} : Not Published
Fusion Welding Of Aluminium and its Alloys
" EN ISO 9606 Part 3 :1999 {No EN Equivalent} : Published
Fusion Welding Of Copper and Copper Alloys
" EN ISO 9606 Part 4 :1999 {No EN Equivalent} : Published
Fusion Welding Of Nickel and Nickel Alloys
" EN ISO 9606 Part 5 :2000 {No EN Equivalent} : Published
Fusion Welding Titanium and Titanium Alloys, Zirconium and zirconium alloys
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing
Test pieces for butt, fillet, pipe, fillet to pipe are identical to old EN 287-1
Each process in a multi process wed an be used separately with the range of thickness
dictated by the deposit thickness attributed to hat process, t = s.
Range of Approval for Butt Welds
Same as the old version of EN 287-1
Range of Approval For Fillet Welds
Plate thickness, t < 3mm, Approves a range = t to 3mm
Plate thickness, t >= 3mm, Approves all thicknesses from 3mm
single layer fillet weld approves single layer only
multi layer fillet weld approves single and multi layer
Branch Welds
Qualified by pipe butt welds for branch angles >= 60 °
" Set on:- Branch diameter and branch thickness considered in approval
" Set in :- Main pipe thickness and branch diameter considered in approval
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing
Diameters
The approval range for pipe diameters according to EN ISO 9606-1 :-
Pipe Diameter < 25mm D to 2 D
Pipe Diameter > 25mm 0.5D (25mm Min) and above + Plates
Note:-
The testing of small bore pipes require a minimum circumference of 150mm, or
additional test pieces must be welded to a maximum of 3.
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing:- Material Groups
EN 287-1:2004 (Note:- Check flux type approval range table 3)
Old
EN 287-1
Group
Approval Range
Grade
1.1, 1.2, 1.4 WO1
1.1, 1.2, 1.4 C steel d"460 Re
2 + 1.3 1, 2, 3, 9.1, 11 TMCP steel>360 Re
WO3
Q+T, PH steels>360 Re
3
1, 2, 3, 9.1, 11
4 Low V CrMo steels
1, 2, 3, 9.1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11
WO2
5 1, 2, 3, 9.1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11
C d" 0.35 CrMo, noV steel
1, 2, 3, 9.1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11
6 High V CrMo(Ni) steel
7 WO4
10.5 d" Cr d"30 steel
1, 2, 3, 9.1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11
Austenitic steel W11
8, 9.2, 9.3, 10
8
1, 2, 3, 9.1, 11 Ni steels < 3% max
9.1
9.2, 9.3
Ni steels 10% max
9.2, 9.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.4
10
W11
Duplex stainless steel
8, 9.2, 9.3, 10
C steels 0.251.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 11
11
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing
Range of Approval for Electrode Coating
The approval range for EN 287-1:2004, Is similar to the old EN287-1
For a single sided root run with no backing, no change of flux type is permitted. The following
approval range is permitted for the fill and capping runs:-
" Basic approves basic (B), rutile (R), acid (A) and combinations
" Cellulosic (C) approves cellulosic only
" Rutile approves R, RR, RA, RB, RC
EN 287-1:2004 also differentiates between solid and cored wires
A Solid wire approves metal cored and vice versa, but not Flux cored wires.
Basic FCAW approves all FCAW wires
Rutile approves rutile and basic wires only
General:- The filler material must be compatible with the parent material used for the test weld
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing
Range of Approval on Position
EN 287-1: 2004 Has a similar positional approval range to the old EN287-1
Generally more difficult position approves for easier positions
e.g. fixed inclined pipe approves all except V-down (PG)
Overhead (PE) approves all except V-down (PG)
JL045 Approves all positions except HL045 and PF
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EN 287-1:2004 Welder Approval Testing
Validity Of Approval
The prolongation rules are the same for both EN 287-1:2004 and EN 287-1:1992
EN 287-1:2004
Valid for 2years, providing that the welders supervisor can confirm that at every
six month period the welder has been working within his range of qualification.
Prolonged for periods of 2 years by examining body , on the basis of
satisfactory evidence from volumetric testing on at least two items of
production work or test welds, produced in the previous six month period. They
must be traceable to the welder, satisfy the acceptance requirements of ENISO
5817 and reproduce the original test conditions. The evidence of these tests
must be retained for 2 years.
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EN ISO 9606 Welder Approval Testing
EN ISO 9606-3:1999 Copper and Copper Alloys
W 31: Pure copper
W 32: Copper-zinc alloys
W 33: Copper-tin alloys
W 34: Copper-nickel alloys
W 35: Copper-aluminium alloys
W 36: Copper-nickel-zinc alloys
Thickness range is 0.5t to 1.5t for all thicknesses
Acceptance is EN 30042 all level B except for the defects permitted by EN287-
1 as level C.
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EN ISO 9606 Welder Approval Testing
EN ISO 9606 - 4: 1999 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
W 41: Pure nickel
W 42: Nickel-copper alloys
Note:- The alloy content for W41 to W47 is based on
W 43: Nickel-chromium alloys
CR12187 which has now been superseded by CR15608.
W 44: Nickel-molybdenum alloys
W 45: Nickel-iron-chromium alloys This reduces the qualifying Nickel content for group 44
W 46: Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys
from a minimum of 45% to 30%
W 47: Nickel-iron-chromium-copper
A test in W41 approves W41 to W47 not vice versa
A test in any group W42 to W47 approves all of the groups
A test in any group W41 to W47 approves 8 {Austenitic Stainless Steel}
EN287-1
Acceptance is the same as EN 287-1:2004 EN ISO 5817
Thickness and diameter approval ranges are basically the same as
EN287-1:2004
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EN 1418 Approval of welding operators
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EN 1418 Approval of welding operators :-
Fusion and Resistance Welding
Definitions
" Mechanised welding :- Adjustment during welding possible
" Automatic Welding :- Adjustment during welding not required
Welding Operators/ Resistance weld setters
" Set up equipment and/or adjust it during welding: Testing Required
" Operators that can t adjust the equipment. i.e. Button
pushers, don t need testing
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EN 1418 Approval of welding operators :-
Fusion and Resistance Welding
APPROVALS
4.21 Adopt EN288 Part 3 or 4 for testing, but approval range for
thickness and diameter based on capacity of equipment used.
A WPS must be followed.
4.22 Pre Production test to EN 288 Part 8 or equivalent. Must follow
a WPS and approval range same as 4.21
4.23 Production sampling, Set up equipment and sample test production
welds. Test method subject to agreement between contracting parties.
4.24 Function Test, On the job Job Knowledge test:-
" Knowledge of welding
" Parameters V welding results
" Setting up equipment to WPS
" Test equipment to WPS
" Knowledge of malfunctions (SAFED knowledge test in preparation)
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EN 729 Quality requirements for fusion welding
This standard can be used either as part of an ISO 9000 Quality
system, or to define quality requirements where a formal quality
system is not required.
Despite the versatility of this standard it has so far failed to generate
any serious interest within the European fabrication industry.
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EN 729
EN 729 defines management quality requirements for fusion welding.
This incorporates The following parts:
EN 729: Quality Requirements for Welding
EN 729 Part 1: Guide to selection and use
EN 729 Part 2: Comprehensive Quality Requirements
EN 729 Part 3: Standard Quality Requirements
EN 729 Part 4: Elementary Quality Requirements
PDCR 13576: Implementation of EN 729
Parts 2 and 3 of these documents also make reference to EN 719 -
Welding Co-ordination, Tasks and Responsibilities.
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EN729
Welding exerts a profound influence on the cost of fabrication and
quality of the product. It is important, therefore, to ensure that welding
is carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control is
exercised over all aspects of the operation.
Within the EN 29000 series of standards for quality systems, welding
is to be treated as a  Special Process since welds cannot be fully
verified by subsequent inspection and testing of the product to
ensure that the required quality standards have been met.
Quality cannot be inspected into a product, it has to be built into it.
Even the most extensive and sophisticated non-destructive testing
does not improve the quality of welds.
Supervision needs to be implemented to ensure that the specified
quality will be achieved. Responsibilities defined in EN 719.
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EN 729 Sample Of Requirements
REQUIREMENT COMPREHENSIVE STANDARD ELEMENTARY
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
Contract Review Full Documented Less Extensive Establish that
Review Review capability and
information is
available
Design Review Design for Welding to Design for Welding to be As above
be confirmed confirmed
Sub-contractor Treat like a main fabricator Must comply to
standard
Welders/ Approved to (EN 287)
Operators
Welding European Welding European Welding Engineer, Not demanded but
Co-ordination Engineer, or persons or persons with appropriate personal
with appropriate knowledge responsibility of
knowledge manufacturer
Sufficient and
Inspection Sufficient and competent personnel to be available
Personnel competent access
for external
inspectors, as
needed
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EN 729 Sample Of Requirements Continued
REQUIREMENT COMPREHENSIVE STANDARD ELEMENTARY
Weld Procedure To EN 288 Part 2 - Approved as application No demands
Approval standard or contract demands
Work Instructions Welding Specification or dedicated Instructions to be No demands
available (WPS)
Documentation Necessary Not specified No demands
Batch testing of Only if specified in Not specified No demands
consumables contract
Storage and treatment As per supplier recommended as minimum No demands
of welding
consumables
Storage of raw Protection required from influence by the No demands
materials environment
Post Weld Heat Specification and Confirmation to No demands
Treatment complete record specification necessary
Inspection before - As required for specified operations Responsibilities as
during - after welding specified in contract
Non-conformances Procedures must be available
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