Countable and uncountable nouns

Much and many

- much is used with uncountable nouns eg. “I haven't got much time”

- many is used with countable nouns eg. “There are many people in this room”

Scissors, trousers, glasses etc. - there are words in English that have only plural forms

Some and any

- some is used in positive sentences with both countable and uncountable nouns eg. “There is some milk left”; “There are some apples in the basket.“

- any is used in questions and negative sentences with both countable and uncountable nouns eg. “There isn't and milk left”; “Are there any apples in the basket?;

Countable/uncountable - some nouns can be countable or uncountable depending on their meaning

Paper - Paper is made from wood (material) or I have many papers to read (documents) Glass - Can I have a glass of water (an object) or You can see through glass (material)

To make uncountable nouns countable you need to modify them by using a phrase meaning `a piece of':

water - a glass of water
furniture - a piece of furniture
cheese - a slice of cheese

chocolate - a bar of chocolate

etc.

1. Choose the correct option. (Wybierz właściwą opcję)

1. How much/How many milk is left

2. Here is/are your trousers

3. I put some/any coffee into the cake

4. We need a/some glass to repair the smashed window

5. He has never got much/many time

6. The news she told us was/were really bad

7. It is a specious room with not much/many furniture in it

8. I have the juice, can you bring some/a glass

9. After the summer heats there wasn't some/any water left

10. The advice she gives me is/are always good

2. Put one word in each gap where necessary. (Wstaw po jednym słowie w lukę tam gdzie to konieczne)

1. I did the washing but I haven't got ……… iron

2. If you go to the shops remember to buy ……… loaf

3. We are waiting for ……… information about her

4. To be an athlete you need to have ………very good health

5. She was in Brasil ……… years ago

6. Tom is very good at ………driving

7. As his family were poor he didn't get ………good education

8. I always buy ……… paper on my way home

9. We really need ……… advice

10. We moved here last week so we don't know ……… people in the neighbourhood

3. Rewrite the sentences using the word given. (Przepisz zdania używając podanych słów)

1. I will tell you what I would do if I were you

Advice

……………………………………………………..

2. All my trousers are dirty

Any

……………………………………………………..

3. There is little milk in the fridge

Much

……………………………………………………..

4. I have to wash my hair

Washing

……………………………………………………..

5. You can take these scissors

Here

……………………………………………………..

6. The lecture had little information in it

Not

……………………………………………………..

7. What is the price of this house?

How

……………………………………………………..

8. All the people went home

Left

……………………………………………………..

4. Complete each phrase with a word from the box. (Uzupełnij wyrażenia słowami z ramki)

Loaf box carton cup drop packet glass bunch pinch tube bar tin

1. a …………of cigarettes

2. a …………of toothpaste

3. a ………… of sardines

4. a …………of juice

5. a …………of chocolates

6. a …………of chocolate

7. a …………of flowers

8. a …………of bread

9. a …………of water

10. a …………of coffee

11. a …………of rain

12. a ………… of salt

V. Read the text and complete the gaps. Przeczytaj tekst i uzupełnij luki.

Abertay University, Dundee, has become 1….. first in the country to offer a degree in computer hacking.

The university has stressed that the BSc (Hons) in Ethical Hacking & Countermeasures is a course to aid organisations fight growing computer-based crime, 2….train future criminals. As computer-based crime is now costing businesses 3… to £270,000 a year, Abertay University feel this course is a very appropriate and necessary degree to offer, and students 4…. graduate will not have to look too hard for a job.

The course structure will involve learning 5…. to break through the most sophisticated IT security systems, with students accessing knowledge to help advise companies on the best way 6…… protect their systems. However, the university acknowledges that these skills would be priceless to criminals and terrorists.

A spokesman from Abertay University explained, "That is a concern that has been expressed. 7…., the students will be thoroughly vetted to make sure we are not recruiting any known criminal." They continued to explain that hacking skills would not 8…. introduced immediately. "There will be two years or so during which we can keep a very close 9…. on them to see what type of people they are".

The only academic in the country with an ethical hacking qualification, Colin McLean, will teach the course. McLean believes 10…. is a great need for hacking skills to be passed on, "These days there's such a large reliance on computers for most aspects of a company's work, and legislation means responsible steps have to be taken to make sure data is secure." he goes on, "Specialist companies are employed to go in and test computers for any kind of security flaw and we are looking to prepare undergraduates11….. jobs in that area".

McLean also stressed that an extremely strict selection process will take 12……, to guarantee that the correct applicants are accepted onto the course. Focus 22/06/2006

1. the - the first - pierwszy (liczebniki porządkowe poprzedza się przedimkiem określonym the)

2. not - to aid organisations …not train criminals - aby pomóc organizacjom …nie szkolić przestępców

3. up - up to - aż do

4. who - students who graduate - studenci, którzy ukończą naukę (do osób odnosi się who a do rzeczy which)

5. how - learning how to break through - uczyć się jak się przedrzeć

6. to - best way to protect -najlepszy sposób aby chronić (to = in order to wprowadza okolicznik celu)

7. However - jednakże (po however zawsze jest przecinek)

8. be - haking skills would not be introduced - umiejętności hakerskie nie byłyby wprowadzane (strona bierna zawsze ma element czasownika to be)

9. eye - keep a close eye on sth - mieć coś na oku

10. there - there is (plural: there are) - znajduje się

11. for - prepare sb./sth for - przygotować na/do czegoś

12. place - take place - mieć miejsce

6. Match the words from the text with their translations (połącz słowa z tekstu z ich tłumaczeniami)

1. degree

2. involve

3. sophisticated

4. security

5. access

6. acknowledge

7. priceless

8. vetted

9. reliance

10. flaw

1. dostęp

2. zawierać

3. przyznawać

4. poleganie

5. stopień naukowy

6. bezpieczeństwo

7. bezcenny

8. wada

9. wyszukany

10. sprawdzony

KEY

I.

1. How much

2. are

3. some

4. some

5. much

6. was

7. much

8. a

9. any

10. is

II

1. an

2. a

3. some

4. ---

5. some

6. ---

7. ---

8. a

9. some

10. any

III

1. I will give you some advice

2. I haven't got any clean trousers

3. There isn't much milk in the fridge

4. My hair needs washing

5. Here are some scissors

6. There was not much information in the lecture

7. How much does this house cost

8. There are no people left

IV

1. a packet

2. a tube

3. a tin

4. a carton

5. a box

6. a bar - tabliczka

7. a bunch

8. a loaf - bochenek

9. a glass

10. a cup

11. a drop - kropla

12. a pinch - szczypta

VI.

1. e

2. b

3. i

4. f

5. a

6. c

7. g

8. j

9. d

10. h

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

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