Ternopil state medical university

named after acad. I.J. Horbachevsky

Album

of histology

I-II years student

group No

_____________________

(name and surname)

Ternopil 2010PRACTICAL LESSON № 1

Rules of working with a light microscope

1. Put a microscope on your working place.

2. Arrange the objective of a low magnification opposite to the object-table opening at the distance 1,5 cm away.

3. Light up the visual field using a mirror.

4. Put a specimen on the microscope table with coverslips up. Place the section opposite to microscope frontal lens.

5. Look from the side, lower the microscope tubus down, leave a minimal lumen between the objective and the specimen (up to 1 cm).

6. Look through the objective and slowly rise the tubus up by means of macroscrew until the appearance of the object under observation.

7. Observe the whole specimen while observing it under a low magnification.

8. Choose the most particular portion while studying the specimen under a high magnification.

9. Look through the objective and raise slowly the tubus by means of microscrew until the appearance of image.

10. Raise the tubus by turning the macroscrew, remove the specimen from the object-table.

PRACTICAL LESSON № 1

THEME: General morphology of the cell. Noncellular structures of the organism

SPECIMEN 1. Round shaped cell (oocyte of ovary). Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
SPECIMEN 2. Skeletal muscle (symplast) of the tongue. Stained with iron haematoxylin	Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nuclei Cross - striations
SPECIMEN 3. Intercellular substance (elastic cartilage) Stained with orcein haematoxylin	Groups of chondrocytes Intercellular substance : a) ground substance b) fibers

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 2

THEME: Cell's cytoplasm: hyaloplasm, organelles, inclusions Nucleus of the cell.

SPECIMEN 1. Inclusions of glycogen in hepatocytes Stained with Sсhiff -method		Nucleus Cytoplasm Glycogen granules
SPECIMEN 2. Inclusions of lipid in hepatocytes Stained with sudan black, safranin		Nucleus Cytoplasm Lipid granules
SPECIMEN 3. Cell with spherical nucleus (dorsal root ganglion cell) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Nuclear envelope Euchromatin Heterochromatin Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Cell's cytoplasm Cell membrane
SPECIMEN 4. Cell with elongated nucleus (smooth muscle cell) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Plasmolemma Cytoplasm Nucleus

SPECIMEN 5. Mitosis of the plant cell (onion root section) Stained with iron haematoxylin	I. Interphase II. Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
SPECIMEN 6. Mitosis of the animal cell (liver) Stained with iron haematoxylin	I. Interphase II. Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 3

THEME: Embryology. Germ cells. Fertilization. Cleavage. Implantation.

SPECIMEN 1. Smear of male spermatozoa Stained with nigrozin and eosin	Head Nucleus Acrosome Neck Tail
SPECIMEN 2. Oocyte of Graafian follicle (section of cat ovary) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Oocyte Zona pellucida Corona radiata Folicular cells
SPECIMEN 3. Fertilizated oocyte of ascaride Stained with iron haematoxylin	Synkarion Female pronucleus Male pronucleus Polar bodies

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 4

THEME: Gastrulation. Formation of tissues and organs. Extraembryonic organs. Placenta. Critical moments of the embryogenesis

SPECIMEN 1. Embryo at the primitive streak stage (surface view) Stained with iron haematoxylin	Primitive streak Epiblast - ectoder-mal germ layer Hypoblast - ento-dermal germ layer Mesoderm
SPECIMEN 2. Embryo at the stage of mesodermal germ layer development Stained with iron haematoxylin	Neural tube Ectoderm Notochord Somites Splanchnic meso-derm layer Somatic mesoderm layer Entoderm Mesenchyma Intra-embrionic coelomic cavity Intermediate mesoderm

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SPECIMEN 4. Umbilical cord Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Amnion epithelium Connective tissue Vein Arteries Remnant of the yolk sac Remnant of the allantois
SPECIMEN 5. Amnion (surface view) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Amnion epithelial cells nucleus Cell membrane
SPECIMEN 6. Chorionic villus Stained with karmin	1. Branching chorionic villus

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SPECIMEN 7. Fetal portion of the placenta Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Amnion Chorionic plate with branching umbilical vessels Chorionic villus a) cytotrophoblast b) syncytium c) vilous stroma d) vessels
SPECIMEN 8. Maternal portion of the placenta Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Decidual plate Decidual cells Decidual septa Lacunar (intervil-lous space) with maternal blood Chorionic villus

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 5

THEME: Epithelial tissues. Glandular epithelium. Glands

SPECIMEN 1. Mesotelium of the peritoneum (surface wiev) Silver impregnation		Cells membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
SPECIMEN 2. Simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium of the kidney Stained with haematoxylin and eosin		Cuboidal cells of distant tubule Columnar cellsof distant tubule nuclei Lumen of the canal
SPECIMEN 3. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium оf the human cornea Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Basement membrane Stratum basale Stratum spinosum .Squamous cells
SPECIMEN 4. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (fingertip skin) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Connective tissue Basement membrane Epidermis: stratum basale; stratum spinosum; stratum granulosum; stratum lucidum; stratum corneum

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SPECIMEN 5. Simple nonbranched tubular gland (uterus). Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Fundus Body Neck
SPECIMEN 6. Simple branched alveolar gland (sebacous gland of the skin) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Duct of the gland Secretory portion stem cells secretory cells degenerative cells Root of the hair

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 6

THEME: Blood and lymph. Hematopoiesis

SPECIMEN 1. Blood smear. May - Grunwald - Giemsa stain

Erythrocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Thrombocyte (platelet)

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SPECIMEN 2. Hematopoiesis in the wall of the yolk sac Stained with iron haematoxylin	Blood wall endothelial cells Primary erythroblasts Mesenchymal cells surrounding blood vessel
SPECIMEN 3. Bone marrow smear Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast normoblast (early) Erythrocyte Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte neutrophilic eosinophilic basophilic Megakaryocyte

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 7

THEME: Connective tissues. Loose connective tissue. Dense connective tissue. Specialized connective tissue

SPECIMEN 1. Loose connective tissue (surface view) Stained with iron haematoxylin	Collagenous fibers Elastic fibers Fibroblasts Fibrocytes Plasma cells Lymphocytes Macrophages (histiocytes) Mast cells Ground substence of the intercellular substance
SPECIMEN 2. Accumulation of dye by macrophages Stained with methylene blue	Nucleus Vacuoles with methylene blue

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SPECIMEN 3.. Dense regular connective tissue: tendon (longitudinal and transverse section) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Collagenous fibers Nuclei of fibrocytes Bundle of tendon fibers Endotendinium (interfascicular connective tissue) Peritendinium Epitendinium Vessels
SPECIMEN 4. Dense irregular connective tissue (reticular layer of the dermis) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Collagenous fibers Cells Ground substence of the intercellular substance
SPECIMEN 5. White adipose tissue (peritoneum surface view) Stained with sudan III, haematoxylin	Adipose cells Lipid droplet Nucleus

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 8

THEME: Sceletal connective tissue. Cartilage. Bone. Muscle tissues

SPECIMEN 1. Hyaline cartilage of the trachea Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Perichondrium Cartilage chondrocytes chondroblasts isogenous groups Intercellular substance
SPECIMEN 2. Elastic cartilage of the auricle Stained with orcein	Perichondrium II. Cartilage Isogenous groups of chondrocytes Intercellular substance a) ground substabce elastic fibers
SPECIMEN 3. Fibrocartilage (intervertebral disc) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Ligamentum Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage chondrocytes intercellular substance ground substabce collagenous fibers

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SPECIMEN 4. Compact laminar bone (transverse section of the tibia diaphysis) Stained with Schmorl method	Periosteum Bone External circum-ferential lamellae Osteon's layer osteon intercalated lamellae Internal circum-ferential lamellae Endosteum Central marrow canal
SPECIMEN 5. Osteon (Haversian system) Stained with Schmorl method	Central canal Lamellae of the bone Osteocytes body processes
SPECIMEN 6. Intramembranous bone formation Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Inercellular substance Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoklasts Mesenchymal cells Blood vessels
SPECIMEN 7. Intracartilaginous bone formation Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Diaphysis Periosteum Periosteal bone Endochondral bone Osteogenic tissue Osteoblasts Blood vessels Spicules of calcified cartilage Epiphysis Zone of reserve cartilage Columns of cartilage cells Hypertrophied cartilage cells Degenerating cartilage

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SPECIMEN 8.. Smooth muscle (muscle layer of the urinary bladder) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Smooth muscle cell longitudinal section transverse section Nucleus Sarcoplasm Interfascicular connective tissue
SPECIMEN 9. Sceletal muscle of the tongue Stained with iron haematoxylin	Muscle fiber longitudinal section transverse section Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm Nuclei Myofibrils
SPECIMEN 10. Cardiac muscle (myocardium) Stained with iron haematoxylin	Muscle fiber Cardiac muscle cells Intercalated discs Nucleus Sarcoplasm Cross-striations Connective tissue with blood vessels

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 9

THEME: Nervous tissue. Neurons. Neuroglia. Nerve fibers. Nerve endings

SPECIMEN 1. Chromatophilic substance (Nissl substance) in the multipolar neurons (spinal cord) Stained with methylene blue	Cell body (perikaryon) Chromatophilic substance Nucleus Dendrites Axon
SPECIMEN 2. Neurofibrils in the neurons (spinal cord) Stained with silver impregnation	Perikaryon Nucleus Processes Neurofibrils
SPECIMEN 3. Pseudounipolar neurons (spinal ganglion) Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Ganglion cell body Nucleus Oligodendrocytes (satellite cells)
SPECIMEN 4. Unmyelinated nerve fibers Stained with haematoxylin and eosin		Unmyelinated nerve fibers. Tunica. Shwann's cells nuclei. Axons.
SPECIMEN 5. Myelinated nerve fibers Stained with osmic acid.		Axon. Myelin sheath. Node of Ranvier. Incisures of myelin (Schmidt-Lanterman clefts).

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SPECIMEN 6. Lamellar (Fatter-Pacinian) corpuscle. Stained with haematoxylin and eosin

Inner bulb. Axons branches. Outer lamellae of the corpuscle. Connective tissue lamellae. Fibroblasts nuclei.

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PRACTICAL LESSON № 10

THEME: Nerve system. Spinal ganglia. Nerve. Spinal cord. Cerebellum. Brainstem. Hemispheres of the brain. Spinal ganglion. Peripheral nerve. Spinal cord. Autonomic nerve system

SPECIMEN 1. Dorsal root ganglion. Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Capsule Dorsal root Ventral root Ganglion cells Satellite cells Bundle of the nerve fibers Fibroblasts (nuclei) in the interstitial tissue
SPECIMEN 2. Nerve (transverse section in human skin). Stained with haematoxylin and eosin	Nerve Fasciculi of mielinated nerve fibers Nerve fiber Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium
SPECIMEN 3. Spinal cord. Stained with silver impregnation	Anterior median sulcus. Posterior median septum. Central canal. Anterior horn. Posterior horn. Intermediate horn. Ventral white column. Lateral white column. Dorsal white column Multipolar neurons
SPECIMEN 4. Cerebellum. Stained with silver impregnation	I. Gray matter (cerebellar cortex) 1. Molecular layer Single layer of huge neurons Purkinje cells Granular cell layer II. White matter
SPECIMEN 5. Cerebral cortex. Stained with silver impregnation	I. Cerebral cortex 1. Plexiform (molecular layer) Outer granular layer Piramidal cell layer Inner granular layer Ganglionic layer Multiform cell layer II. White matter
SPECIMEN 6. Intramural nervous plexus Stained with silver impregnation	Multipolar neurons: Dogel cells I; Dogel cells II; Dogel cells III. Nervous fibres. Gliocytes nuclei.

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