Word formation

Nouns - usually end with -ness (sleeplessness), -ment (establishment), -ity (popularity), -ence/-ance (tolerance), -dom (kingdom), -hood (childhood), -age (coverage), -th (length)

Some nouns are formed irregularly: advise - advice

Prefixes and suffixes - some prefixes and suffixes are meaningful: co- (together with) cooperation, sub- (under) subway, non- (no) non-alcoholic, anti- (against) antidepressant, pre- (before) pre-paid, auto- (self) auto-destruction, mis- (wrong) mispronounce, ex- (past) ex-boyfriend, -ful (full of sth) painful, -less (without sth.) painless

Negative prefixes - normally we form negative adjectives with a prefix un- eg.: believable - unbelievable. However, it changes depending on the first letter of the adjective:

• adjective starting with l : il- legal-illegal

• adjectives starting with r : ir- regular-irregular

• adjectives starting with m (sometimes with p) : im- mature-immature (possible-impossible)

dis- is a prefix used usually with adjectives starting with o- obedient-disobedient

in- is a variation of the prefix un- advisable-inadvisable

Reflexive pronouns

I-myself you-yourself he-himself she-herself it-itself

We-ourselves you-yourselves they-themselves

The suffix -self/-selves means sam (siebie) I'll do it myself - zrobię to sam

She looks at herself - patrzy (sama) na siebie

Each other/one another means siebie nawzajem: They love each other - kochają się (wzajemnie)

Each other - 2 people; one another - more than 2 people: The parents love each other

The family love one another

1. Put the words under proper headings

naïve sly curly elderly oval skinny slanting wavy in her 20s plump straight toddler round loyal muscular ginger Slim long-lashed middle-aged timid obese narrow freckled wide honest spiky almond-shaped

Built Eyes Personality Hair Age Face

II. Match adjectives with nouns (połącz przymiotniki z rzeczownikami)

2. eyebrows

3. chin

4. nose

5. lips

6. cheeks

7. shoulders

1. hooked

2. bushy

3. broad

4. thin

5. double

6. hollow

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III Write features of character to the sentences. The number of lines is the number of letters. The letters given cannot be changed (dopisz cechy charakteru do zdań. Liczba kresek odpowiada liczbie liter. Podanych liter nie można zmienić)

1. You won't find him in the corner at the party o_ tg _ _ _ g

2. She never lies h _ _ _ s _

3. She always wants to be the best a _ _ i _ _ o _ _

4. He thinks he is better than everyone a_ r _ _ _ n _

5. She is like a donkey s_ _ b _ _ r_

6. You never know what he is going to do u_ p_ _ d _ _ _ _ b_ _

7. Keep out of her way when she is angry a_ g _ _ _ _ _ v _

8. I always cry on sad movies s _ n_ _ t _ v _

9. He can't remember anything f_ _ g _ t _ _ l

10. She is only five but she always remembers to r_ _ p _ n _ _ b_ _

feed the cat

IV Choose the right prefixes to fit the context (pobierz odpowiednie przedrostki takj aby pasowały do zdań)

co- sub- non- anti- pre- auto- mis- ex-

1. We are now in an …..-smoking area so please wait until we leave

2. She met her …….-husband only once with his new girlfriend

3. The manager of the team thanked all her …-workers for finishing the project on time

4. Just before landing he switched to ………pilot and relaxed

5. She came to the station two hours early because of some …….understanding

6. During our visit in a port we went to see an old ……marine

7. …….-cooked food is quicker to prepare

8. All students took part in an ……...violence protest

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V. Writhe nouns to the following words (dopisz rzeczowniki do podanych wyrazów)

1. deep ………….

2. enjoy ………….

3. intelligent ………….

4. sad ………….

5. mature ………….

6. able ………….

7. advise ………….

8. free ………….

9. responsible ………….

10. poor ………….

VI. Write opposite adjectives using negative suffixes and prefixes (dopisz przymiotniki o przeciwnych znaczeniach używając predrostków i przyrostków)

1. harmful ………….

2. friendly ………….

3. legal ………….

4. responsible ………….

5. mature ………….

6. possible ………….

7. obedient ………….

8. normal ………….

9. smoking ………….

10. helpful ………….

7. Complete the second half of compound nouns. (Dopisz drugą część rzeczowników złożonych)

1. You have to keep to the foot……… because the road is dangerous

2. Take a paper……… and put these two sheets together

3. Do up your shoe……… or you will fall down

4. If you look at your time……… you will see that you have all Sundays off

5. She looks much better in her new hair………

6. Don't forget to take your sun……… when you go to Greece

7. He had a terrible head……… after the party

8. He was going to fast in his new car and hit a lamp-………

8. Complete the gaps with compound words from the list. (uzupełnij zdania dwoma słowami z listy)

about stairs bringing skirts coat set come pour doors ground

1. What is your annual in..........?

2. After talking to Tom she was really up..........

3. On the round..........all cars have to go right

4. Don't shout I am down..........and hear you perfectly well

5. Because it was cold out..........she took her overcoat

6. A sudden down..........washed away all the dust

7. Let's go out.......... so that the children may play in the fresh air

8. Many people nowadays decide to move to the out..........of big cities

9. The under.......... is the fastest way of traveling in big cities

10. She has high-class manners so she probably had good up..........

IX. Complete the sentences (uzupełnij zdania)

1. I don't like when people help me, I like to do everything …………………

2. They enjoyed ………………… at the party

3. Tom and Sarah love …………………… very much

4. I don't want to eat it, why don't you eat it ……………….

5. Look at the house, he built it all ………………….

6. People, make ………………. Comfortable and I'll bring some tea

7. After the divorce they can't even look at ………………..

8. In the morning I looked at …………………. In the mirror and smiled

9. It was great fun Tom and I enjoyed ……………….a lot

10. When she was here and he was in London they missed ……………… very much

1. Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in the brackets. (Uzupełnij zdania wyrazami utworzonymi od słów podanych w nawiasach)

1. After studies she started working in a …………….. agency (secretary)

2. The new building is a beautiful ……………….. (construct)

3. In order to be ………………… you need to work hard (success)

4. There always is a logical ………………… for ghosts (explain)

5. We need to find a ……………….. to this problem quickly (solve)

6. Teaching give you a lot of …………………… (satisfy)

7. Many nations still fight for their ………………. (free)

8. You should take my ……………… and leave him (advise)

9. Can you play any ………………… instruments? (music)

10. She has to use a wheelchair because she is ………………….. (able)

KEY

I.

Built Eyes Personality Hair Age Face

Plump almond-shaped timid curly elderly oval

Skinny slanting sly straight toddler round

Slim long-lashed loyal ginger middle-aged wide

Obese narrow naïve wavy in her 20s freckled

Muscular honest spiky

II.

1. eyebrows b - krzaczaste

2. chin e -podwójny podbródek

3. nose a - haczykowaty

4. lips d - wąskie

5. cheeks e - zapadnięte pokiczki

6. shoulders c - szerokie

III.

1. outgoing

2. honest

3. ambitious

4. arrogant

5. stubborn

6. unpredictable

7. aggressive

8. sensitive

9. forgetful

10. responsible

IV

1. We are now in an non-smoking area so please wait until we leave

2. She met her ex-husband only once with his new girlfriend

3. The manager of the team thanked all her co-workers for finishing the project on time

4. Just before landing he switched to autopilot and relaxed

5. She came to the station two hours early because of some misunderstanding

6. During our visit in a port we went to see an old submarine

7. Pre-cooked food is quicker to prepare

8. All students took part in an antiviolence protest

V

1. deep depth

2. enjoy enjoyment

3. intelligent intelligence

4. sad sadness

5. mature maturity

6. able ability

7. advise advice

8. free freedom

9. responsible responsibility

10. poor poverty

VI.

1. harmful harmless

2. friendly unfriendly

3. legal illegal

4. responsible irresponsible

5. mature immature

6. possible impossible

7. obedient disobedient

8. normal abnormal

9. smoking nonsmoking

10. helpful unhelpful (not helpless)

VII

1. path - ścieżka

2. (paper) clip - spinacz

3. (shoe) laces - sznurówki

4. (time) table - rozkład

5. (hair) cut - fryzura

6. glasses

7. (head) ache - ból głowy

8. post - słup

VIII

1. income - dochód

2. upset

3. roundabout - rondo

4. downstairs

5. overcoat - płaszcz

6. downpour - ulewa

7. outdoors - na zewnątrz

8. outskirts - obrzeża miasta

9. underground

10. upbringing - wychowanie

IX

1. I don't like when people help me, I like to do everything myself

2. They enjoyed themselves at the party

3. Tom and Sarah love each other very much

4. I don't want to eat it, why don't you eat it yourself

5. Look at the house, he built it all himself

6. People, make yourselves comfortable and I'll bring some tea

7. After the divorce they can't even look at each other

8. In the morning I looked at myself in the mirror and smiled

9. It was great fun Tom and I enjoyed ourselves a lot

10. When she was here and he was in London they missed each other very much

X.

1. secretarial

2. construction

3. successful

4. explanation

5. solution

6. satisfaction

7. freedom

8. advice

9. musical

10. disabled

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

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