SomeŢfinitions of Disease


Some Definitions of Disease

Illness or abnormal functioning of a body part or parts due to a specific cause, such as an infection, and identifiable by certain symptoms and signs.

BMA Medical Encylopedia

Any abnormality of bodily structure or function, other than those arising directly from physical injury.

Medical Dictionary

In medicine, the malfunctioning of the body as a consequence of infection by a germ or virus, or the departure from normal functioning of an organ. In this usage diseases present themselves unproblematically as facts within the context of a natural science methodology and are purely physiological occurrences. This definition is systematically challenged in the health studies literature, which emphasizes the interplay between politics, economics and social factors such as gender, and the construction of a condition as a disease. Sociologists distinguish between disease, the label applied to a condition by the medical profession; and illness, the subjective experience of bodily states of an individual.

Dictionary of Health and Society

The failure of an organism to adequately or appropriately counteract stresses or stimuli, which can be biological, behavioural, or environmental, resulting in sickness or disability.

Dictionary of Public Health Promotion

A condition that stops the body from functioning in the usual way.

(NOTE: The term disease is applied to all physical and mental reactions which make a person ill. Diseases with distinct characteristics have individual names.

Dictionary Of Medical Terms

Questions

What are germs, microbes, and pathogens?

What is virulence?

What is parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism?

Do parasites usually kill their victims?

Examples of acute and chronic diseases.

What is the defence between an acute and chronic disease?

Are infectious and contagious diseases the same thing?

What are childhood diseases? Give examples.

Can adults contract childhood diseases?

What are notifiable diseases? Give examples.

What are antibiotics and probiotics?

What is immunity?

What are the differences between natural (innate) and acquired immunity?

What are the pluses and minuses of being vaccinated against flu?

What is the best time of the year to get a flu vaccination?

Disease Its Symptoms and Treatments

1

affect

severity

likelihood

recurrence

expected

outcome

medical history

current

make a diagnosis

serious, (major)

minor

suffer from

a chronic problem

an acute attack

a tumor

benign

malignant, (cancerous)

localized

a runny nose

germ, (pathogen)

communicative, (contagious)

non-contagious

the treatment of choice

the course of the illness

curable vs treatable

fatal

terminally ill

2

tentative

obvious and disturbing symptoms

to consult a physician, to consult an eye specialist, If your skin becomes red and sore, consult your doctor . Consult the table on page 85.

promptly

severe bleeding, (hemorrhaging)

pain - bearable, persistent

indicate

ailment

an ulcer

dysentery

to be associated with

3

ill health

common symptom

a cough - dry, productive

phlegm (thick mucus)

sputum (a substance containing a variety of material expelled from the respiratory tract)

fainting

dizziness

fatigue

a low red blood cell count

a condition known as anemia

nausea

vomiting

intestinal disorders

food poisoning

dysentery

inner-ear disorders

the balance mechanism

sweating

itching

rashes

skin irritations

4

fit together

a syndrome

a childhood illness

abdominal pain

severe weakness

liver dysfunction

5

to treat an illness successfully

a recurrence

to identify

to ascertain

microorganisms - tiny living bodies that are invisible to the naked eye

tiny organisms, (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa)

infectious diseases

communicable, (contagious)

noninfectious

chronic degenerative diseases

congenital defects

hormonal disorders

environmental and occupational diseases

mental illness

disorders

idiopathic

6

to be exposed to

to depend on, to depend upon something

the body's ability to resist microorganisms

natural immunity

bodily defense mechanisms

the mucous membranes that line the mouth, and nose

harmless bacteria

to interfere with

harmful germs

highly acidic

disease-fighting chemicals

specialized white blood cells

7

acquired immunity

exposure to germs

specific antibodies

sensitized plasma cells

artificially

vaccines

to be vaccinated with a living but weakened germ

to immunize people

booster shots of the vaccine

8

pharmacist

a magic potion

swallow

to disappear forever

recommend

a process of trial and error

side effects and contraindications

9

potent drugs

an overdose

addictive

10

penicillin

a well-known drug

to be effective against a variety of bacterial infections

made from fungi

to inhibit the growth of disease-producing microorganisms

to fail

to be allergic to penicillin

11

narcotic drugs

in restricted dosages

to be derived from

in excessive amounts

they can cause coma or death

12

familiar drugs

to strengthen the failing heart

anticoagulants

diuretics

to remove excess fluid from the body

diabetes

14

although

the upper respiratory viral infection

to relieve the symptoms of flu

an effective painkiller

an anti-inflammatory drug

to be contraindicated for flu

it is suspected of being a contributory cause of pneumonia

commonly known

a decongestant

nasal cavity

to soothe a sore throat

15

over-the-counter medications

laxatives

to relieve constipation

tranquilizers

sedatives

to handle minor medical problems

to waste money on

16

medication

surgery

radiation therapy follow dietary recommendations

chemotherapy

special equipment

follow dietary recommendations

workload

17

sophisticated

to develop a disease

highly industrialized societies

pollution

rapidly changing societies

unreasonably high expectations

curative powers



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