Unhappy Feet (A Brief History of Misadvertised Fitness Footwear)
Being聽fit聽is this millennium's mantra and a聽fashionablelifestyle choice,聽all rolled into one聽neat package. Everywhere you turn, statistics warn about the dangers of聽rampantobesity, the聽myriad聽health issues聽stemming from聽leading a largely聽sedentary聽life and how聽processed聽foods will eventually lead to your聽demise. And, as luck would have it, media聽provide聽a ton of聽placatinganswers to the panic they themselves helped聽spread: there're the聽miracle聽diets, the incredible fitness聽regimens, the advanced聽ab-shaping technology — all designed to make you healthier and more fit. But, as it turns out,聽shoehorning聽fitness and clean living into some aspects of one's life may not be such a good idea…
Back in 2009,聽in the wake of聽the economic crisis a lot of health-conscious聽people were looking for cheaper solutions to聽pricey聽gym聽memberships聽and expensive diets.聽VariousTV programmes related to health and fitness explored ways of聽getting in shape聽on聽a shoestring budget. Many of those exercises, media聽claimed, would give one聽rush聽of endorphins they would never hope to get聽working out聽at the gym. And so, people started to take an interest in聽cross-fitness聽(a type of exercise that聽combines聽many types of physical activity),聽rediscovered聽triathlons (remember Ironman events?) and, finally, began exploring the joys of walking and running.
Yet in the聽latter聽case, it's not simply moving around on one's own two feet that got people so聽excited. The modern fitness fan has to be as聽tech savvy聽as possible; if it hasn't been tweeted or instagrammed, it didn't happen. If聽space-age聽research聽didn't help build it, it isn't sexy or attractive to the consumer. Therefore,聽plain old聽bipedalmovement had to be聽refined聽with the use of proper聽paraphernalia, shoes being theprime聽piece of kit聽to be聽upgraded. And since being healthy and fit is now聽mandatory, shoes should not only help you聽get a move on, but should help you lose weight,improve聽your聽muscle聽tone聽and achieve that聽elusive聽media-promoted body image you so聽strive for.
The two trends聽converged聽in 2008, with the newly聽introduced聽fashionable and ultra-modern聽 toning shoes. They combined the聽new-found聽joy of running with our聽constantdesire聽for gadgets and聽tech. Toning聽footwear聽thus gained a聽sizable聽market聽foothold, starting out with聽just around USD 18 mln聽in聽revenue. In 2009, it was already USD 145 mln.聽Following聽a boom in聽viral marketing聽and generally positive press, by 2010 toning shoes became聽exceedingly聽popular.聽ConsumerReports聽claim that by that time, the market for special toning shoes聽ballooned聽to USD 1 bln a year; not your聽penny loafers, then.
For a while it seemed as if the toning shoes聽were a shoo-in for聽the title of the most popular fitness accessory out there, and not without good reason. It does sound nice on paper: the聽sole聽of the shoe is made聽thicker聽in the middle and聽filled with聽air bubbles that move聽unpredictably聽throughout聽the empty areas inside, creating a feeling of walking in the聽shifting聽sand. The聽resulting聽imbalancecauses you to work out even while you're simply standing. This is possible because your muscles are constantly trying to聽offset聽the feeling ofinstability聽introduced聽via聽the air pockets. Sounds very聽enticing聽- who wouldn't want to exercise while simply standing in the line to聽Maccy D's, right?
However, even as early as in 2009, one聽CNN articlecited聽some sports doctors聽as saying聽that simply making people聽strain聽their muscles isn't the same as exercise. One doctor explained that someonewalking with a limp聽actually strains their musclesto a greater extent聽than a person walking normally, but that alone doesn't make that person any healthier or more fit. Following聽mixed聽messages from the experts, the FTC — the American federal-level聽watchdog聽organization that aims to protect the customer — started to聽investigate聽the claims that toning shoes do, indeed, help tone one's muscles.
The first company the FTC has聽put the boot in聽was聽Reebok, one of the聽stalwarts聽of the sporting goods market and a聽generally聽reputable聽company. Their line of EasyTonesneakers聽promised to improve聽buttock聽muscle's (the聽gluteus maximus聽in聽scientificparlance) strength and tone by 28%, give 11% more strength and tone in the聽calf, andboost聽hamstring聽muscles' tone by further 11%. All of that numerical聽goodness, and according to聽one ad,聽achieved聽just by walking in those shoes. It would probably聽not聽bethat big of a deal聽were those your聽regular聽sneakers. But these were specialized walking (EasyTone) and running (RunTone) shoes that聽retailed聽from USD 80 to 100 a pair, with specialized EasyTone聽flip-flops聽setting one back聽around USD 60.
When the FTC investigated Reebok's data more closely in 2010, they found out that none of the physical聽benefits聽were based on solid聽evidence. At that聽price point, that would make for one expensive聽wardrobe stuffer聽outside of walking or running season no matter which of the options you've聽picked聽- 60 or 80聽bucks聽may buy two pairs of less fitness-oriented shoes, after all. After cries of聽outrage聽from all corners of the press, Reebok had to聽settle for聽USD 25 mln. To聽dissuade聽other companies聽from聽doing the same, the FTC also聽warned聽that it „wants national聽advertisers聽to understand that they must聽exercise聽some聽responsibility聽and聽ensure聽that their claims for fitness聽gearare supported by聽sound聽science.”聽To boot, Reebok had to give their customers an option to get a聽refund聽via a special site, without any unnecessary formalities.
Was that a sign that some companies聽got too big for their boots, so to speak? Apparently so.聽Alongside聽Reebok, other companies were also trying to聽get their foot in the door. A sports聽apparel聽company聽Skechers USA, Inc. (a not at all聽sketchy-sounding name) didn't start聽quaking in their shoes聽at the FTC's warning, though they probably should have, since their main product were „unstable” shoes (retailing at USD 60 to USD 100聽per pair) which debuted in mid-2010. These included the聽imaginatively聽named „Resistance聽Runner”, „Toner”, „Shape-up” and „Tone-up” lines of footwear, which promised more than just toning up muscles. „Skechers'聽unfounded聽claims went beyond stronger and more toned muscles. The company even made claims about weight loss and聽cardiovascular聽health,” explained FTC's David Vladeck.
Skechers weren't just聽misleading聽their customers by聽vaguely聽phrased聽promises, either. Several聽celebrities聽were hired to聽pitch聽the shoes miraculous properties - Brooke Burke聽flashed聽her beautiful smile,聽Kim Kardashian聽showed off聽her聽sultry聽body聽in a聽steamy聽Super Bowl聽ad… In short, Skechers were聽conducting聽a very aggressive campaign, basing all of it on the聽premise聽of health benefits achieved by wearing their product.聽FTC didn't take too long to notice, fortunately. By 2012, Skechers were ordered to聽pay up聽and聽fess up; that payment was聽to the order of聽USD 40 million, but the fessing up never聽materialized.
Bonnie Patton of the consumer聽advocacy聽group „Truth in Advertising”聽had this to say about the USD 40 mln settlement; „[there's not] one聽shred聽of聽data聽to support the idea that this is a聽just聽or聽reasonable聽number.聽My guess is聽that [Skechers'] marketing campaign costs more than that every year.” Indeed,聽compared to聽the whole market it seems a small number, and since Skechers constantly evolve and are still available on the market, they might have only聽considered聽that聽a slap on the wrist. Vladecksubsequently聽explained that „The FTC's message, for Skechers and other national advertisers, is to shape up your聽substantiation聽or聽tone down聽your claims.”
Which brings us to 2014. You'd think that after the Reebok's and Skecher's聽misadventures聽the industry would have learned its lesson and stopped聽forcing聽dubious聽data聽down聽the聽gulliblefitness聽aficionado's聽gullet… but that has not been the case. Enter Vibram - the five-fingered… No, not glove. A runner's shoe. Unlike Reebok and Skechers, Vibram offers minimalist „barefoot” running shoe, first put onto the market way back in 2006. In 2007, their聽five-toed聽shoe was named one of the best聽inventions聽in the health industry that year by the Time magazine, while a very popular 2009 book聽entitled聽„Born to run” helped聽cement聽its reputation. Over the years a whole culture of barefoot runningemerged, owing its success to Vibram's aggressive campaign of the sport itself.
Barefoot running is supposedly natural for the human body, following the聽notion聽thatprimitive聽humans ran a lot before the shoes were even聽conceived. The聽convenientlyforgotten lack of聽concrete聽roads back in the聽stone age聽doesn't聽deter聽lovers of barefoot running,聽even though the science is聽inconclusive聽at best聽with regard to聽the exercise's safety in our聽urban聽environments, not to mention any possible health benefits. Variousstudies聽show time and again that while in some cases, barefoot is ok, it's doing moreharm聽than good聽in the long term. Clearly, Vibram's advertising which claimed otherwise is聽baseless聽or misleading.
So, if Reebok had to give back its customers back USD 25 mln and Skechers had to refund USD 40 mln, Vibram will probably聽go belly up聽in the wake of the FTC's terriblecomeuppance, right? Wrong! Earlier this month, the FTC ordered Vibram聽to pay up just around USD 3.75 mln聽to any people that bought their barefoot shoes after 2009. That's around 70 000 customers who will get their money back, and just a tenth of what Skecher's customers received聽in total. But just like Reebok and Skechers earlier, Vibram has聽refused聽to聽admit聽any聽wrongdoing聽whatsoever. You see,聽running one's mouth聽is still the healthiest, most聽efficient聽way to exercise,
apparently…
VOCABULARY
fit - w formie
fashionable - modny
X all rolled into one - (wiele) X w jednym
rampant - szerz膮cy si臋, szalej膮cy
obesity - oty艂o艣膰
myriad - miriady, ogrom
to stem from sth - wynika膰 z czego艣, by膰 czym艣 wywo艂anym
sedentary - siedz膮cy
processed - przetworzony
demise - zgon, 艣mier膰
to provide - zapewnia膰, dostarcza膰
placating - uspokajaj膮cy
to spread - sia膰, szerzy膰
miracle - cudowny
regimen - re偶im, plan (np. 膰wicze艅)
ab - mi臋艣ie艅 brzucha
to shoehorn sth into sth - wcisn膮膰 co艣 gdzie艣 na si艂臋
in the wake of sth - w nast臋pstwie czego艣
conscious - 艣wiadomy
pricey - drogi (pot.)
gym - si艂ownia
membership - cz艂onkostwo
various - rozmaity
to get in shape - wyrobi膰 sobie form臋, nabra膰 formy
a shoestring budget - bardzo ograniczony bud偶et, g艂odowy bud偶et
to claim - twierdzi膰
rush - zalew, nag艂y przyp艂yw
to work out - 膰wiczy膰 (fizycznie)
cross-fitness - trening kross-fit
to combine - 艂膮czy膰
to rediscover sth - ponownie co艣 odkry膰
latter - ten drugi, ostatni (z wymienionych)
excited - podekscytowany
tech savvy - znaj膮cy si臋 na technologiach
space-age - zwi膮zany z epok膮 kosmiczny, tu: najnowocze艣niejszy
research - badanie, badania
plain old - zwyk艂y, nieciekawy
bipedal - dwuno偶ny
to refine sth - udoskonali膰 co艣
paraphernalia - akcesoria, sprz臋t
prime - podstawowy, najwa偶niejszy
piece of kit - sprz臋t, sprz臋cior (pot., UK)
to upgrade - unowocze艣ni膰, udoskonali膰
mandatory - obowi膮zkowy
to get a move on - ruszy膰 si臋 (z miejsca)
to improve - poprawi膰, ulepszy膰
muscle - mi臋sie艅
tone - tu: tonus
elusive - nieosi膮galny
to strive for sth - d膮偶y膰 do czego艣, zabiega膰 o co艣
to converge - zbiega膰 si臋
introduced - wprowadzony (np. na rynek)
new-found- nowo odkryty
constant - sta艂y
desire - potrzeba, ch臋膰
tech - technologia, technologie (pot.)
footwear - obuwie
sizable - poka藕ny
foothold - przycz贸艂ek, punkt zaczepienia (np. na rynku)
revenue - przych贸d, wp艂ywy
following X - w nast臋pstwie X, po X
viral marketing - marketing wiralny, marketing w sieciach spo艂eczno艣ciowych
exceedingly - nadzwyczaj
to balloon - gwa艂townie zwi臋kszy膰 si臋
penny loafer - mokasyn pensowy
to be a shoo-in for sth - by膰 pewniakiem, by膰 faworytem do czego艣
sole - podeszwa
thick - gruby
to fill sth with sth - wype艂ni膰 co艣 czym艣
unpredictably - w spos贸b nieprzewidywalny
throughout - przez
shifting - przemieszczaj膮cy si臋, tu: przelewaj膮cy si臋
resulting - wynikaj膮cy (z czego艣), b臋d膮cy skutkiem
imbalance - brak r贸wnowagi
to offset sth - zr贸wnowa偶y膰 co艣
instability - niestabilno艣膰
via - za po艣rednictwem, przez
enticing - zach臋caj膮cy, kusz膮cy
Maccy D's - McDonald's (pot., UK)
to cite sb as saying - przytacza膰 czyje艣 s艂owa, cytowa膰 kogo艣
to strain - wysila膰 (si臋), napina膰 (si臋)
to walk with a limp - kule膰
to a greater extent - w wi臋kszym stopniu
mixed - mieszany, niejednoznaczny
watchdog - cia艂o nadzoruj膮ce
to investigate sth - bada膰 co艣
to put the boot in - skrytykowa膰 (kogo艣) ostro (pot., UK)
stalwart - tu: sta艂y przedstawiciel, sta艂y gracz
generally - og贸lnie
reputable - szanowany
sneaker - tenis贸wka (US)
buttock - po艣ladek
scientific - naukowy
parlance - 偶argon
calf - 艂ydka
to boost - umocni膰, wzmocni膰
hamstring - 艣ci臋gno stawu skokowego
goodness - tu: korzy艣ci
to achieve - osi膮gn膮膰
not that big of a deal - nic wielkiego, nic takiego
regular - zwyczajny
to retail at X - by膰 sprzedawanym po X, kosztowa膰 X w detalu
flip-flop - japonka
to set sb back (by) X - kosztowa膰 kogo艣 X (pot.)
benefit - korzy艣膰
evidence - dowody
price point - pu艂ap cenowy, cena
wardrobe stuffer - tu: nieu偶ywana odzie偶
to pick - wybra膰
buck - dolec (pot. o dolarze)
outrage - oburzenie
to settle for X - tu: doj艣膰 do ugody w wysoko艣ci X (o kwocie odszkodowania bez procesu s膮dowego)
to dissuade sb from doing sth - odwie艣膰 kogo艣 od (z)robienia czego艣
to warn - ostrzec
advertiser - reklamodawca
to exercise sth - wykaza膰 si臋 czym艣
responsibility - odpowiedzialno艣膰
to ensure - zapewni膰
gear - sprz臋t
sound - uzasadniony, staranny
to boot - co wi臋cej
refund - zwrot pieni臋dzy (przy reklamowaniu produktu)
to get too big for one's boots - zwa偶nie膰, zacz膮膰 zadziera膰 nosa
alongside - obok, opr贸cz
to get one's foot in the door - ustawi膰 si臋, znale藕膰 si臋 w doskona艂ej pozycji (do dalszego rozwoju)
apparel - odzie偶
sketchy - niekompletny, pobie偶ny
to quake in one's shoes/boots - dygota膰 ze strachu, spietra膰 si臋
per pair - tu: za par臋
imaginatively - z polotem
resistance - op贸r
to shape up - nabra膰 formy
unfounded - nieuzasadniony, bezpodstawny
cardiovascular - sercowo-naczyniowy
to mislead sb - zwodzi膰 kogo艣
vaguely - mgli艣cie, niejasno
to phrase sth - sformu艂owa膰 co艣
celebrity - s艂awa, znakomito艣膰
to pitch sth - tu: wkr臋ca膰 co艣, przekona膰 kogo艣 do czego艣
to flash sth - obnosi膰 si臋 z czym艣, b艂ysn膮膰 czym艣
to show sth off - chwali膰 si臋 czym艣, popisywa膰 si臋 czym艣
sultry - zmys艂owy, seksowny
steamy - paruj膮cy, tu: gor膮cy, nami臋tny
Super Bowl - puchar/fina艂 mistrzostw futbolu ameryka艅skiego
ad (advertisement) - reklama
to conduct - przeprowadza膰
premise - przes艂anka
to pay up - sp艂aci膰, zap艂aci膰
fess up - przyzna膰 si臋 do zrobienia czego艣 z艂ego (pot., US)
to/in the order of X - w granicach X
to materialize - zi艣ci膰 si臋, spe艂ni膰 si臋
advocacy - tu: organizacja wsparcia (jakiej艣 grupy spo艂ecznej)
shred - 艣lad, cie艅 (czego艣)
data - dane
just - s艂uszny, zasadny
reasonable - rozs膮dny
my guess is… - s膮dz臋, 偶e…, wed艂ug moich szacunk贸w,…
compared to - w por贸wnaniu do
to consider sth sth - uzna膰 co艣 za co艣/jakie艣
a slap on the wrist - tu: lekka kara, upomnienie
subsequently - p贸藕niej
substantiation - uzasadnianie, udowadnianie (czego艣)
to tone sth down - zmniejszenie czego艣, zredukowanie skali/wielko艣ci czego艣
misadventure - nieszcz臋艣liwy przypadek
to force sth down sb's gullet - wmusi膰 co艣, wepchn膮膰 co艣 komu艣 do gard艂a
dubious - podejrzany
gullible - naiwny
aficionado - fan, wielbiciel
barefoot - bosy
toe - palec stopy
invention - wynalazek
entitled - zatytu艂owany
to cement sth - przypiecz臋towa膰 co艣, scementowa膰
to emerge - powsta膰
notion - przekonanie, idea
primitive - pierwotny
to conceive sth - wymy艣li膰 co艣, wykoncypowa膰
conveniently - wygodnie, niby przypadkiem
concrete - beton
stone age - paleolit, epoka kamienia 艂upanego
to deter sb - odstrasza膰, odstr臋cza膰 kogo艣
inconclusive - niejednoznaczny, nieprzekonuj膮cy
with regard to sth - odno艣nie (do) czego艣
urban - miejski
study - studium, badanie
harm - szkoda, krzywda
in the long term - na d艂u偶sz膮 met臋
baseless - bezpodstawny
to go belly up - splajtowa膰 (pot.)
comeuppance - zemsta, pomsta
in total - 艂膮cznie
to refuse - odm贸wi膰
to admit sth - przyzna膰 co艣
wrongdoing - przest臋pstwo, z艂y uczynek
to run one's mouth - gada膰 za du偶o lub bez sensu (pot., US)
efficient - wydajny