POWER VOCABULARRY BUILDER
TOP 100 SAT Vocabulary Words
For More Detailed Lessons and the
500 Most Frequently Tested
SAT Vocabulary Words Please Visit
abstract
(adjective, noun, verb)
DEFINITION
(adj.) 1. not specific or concrete; 2. based on general theory rather than something specific; 3. nonrepresentational (in art); (n.) a summary of a longer text, especially of an academic article; (v.) to develop or conceptualize a line of thought from a concrete reality to a general principle or an intellectual idea
SYNONYMS
(adj.) theoretical, notional, hypothetical, nonspecific, nonrepresentational, (n.) brief, summary, outline, essence, (v.) extract, isolate, separate
ANTONYMS
(adj.) concrete, factual, material
USAGE EXAMPLES
I don't like abstract painting because it doesn't look like anything I can recognize. (nonrepresentational)
The professor's argument was so abstract that no one in the room could understand it. (theoretical, not specific)
acute
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. very serious or severe; 2. highly perceptive, keen, and intelligent; 3. very powerful and sensitive (such as eyesight)
SYNONYMS
urgent, critical, dire, severe, keen, penetrating, perceptive, sensitive
ANTONYMS
obtuse, non-threatening, dull, blunt
USAGE EXAMPLES
John was taken to the hospital, where it was discovered that he was suffering from acute peritonitis. (severe)
Dogs have such an acute sense of hearing that they can sense their owner's approach long before the humans in the room notice any sound. (sensitive, perceptive)
advocate
(verb, noun)
DEFINITION
(v.) to support, plead for, or speak for someone or something; (n.) 1. someone who supports or speaks for a cause or idea; 2. a lawyer
SYNONYMS
(v.) champion, promote, support, endorse, (n.) proponent, supporter, champion, lawyer, defender, voice
ANTONYMS
(v.) oppose, (n.) opponent
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Senator was a tireless advocate of campaign finance reform. (supporter, champion)
The chairman's passionate advocacy allowed the project to be financed even after many rounds of budget cuts. (support, upholding [of the project])
aesthetic
(adjective, noun)
DEFINITION
(adj.) concerning or characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste; (n.) a theory as to what is beautiful
SYNONYMS
(adj.) tasteful, beautiful, pleasing, cultured, refined, artistic
ANTONYMS
(adj.) unaesthetic, ugly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It wasn't the prettiest web site, but its user-friendly interface made up for the lack of aesthetic images. (pleasing, refined)
Gourmet food should look aesthetic as well as taste wonderful. (beautiful, pleasing)
alleviate
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to relieve or lessen; 2. to make easier
SYNONYMS
mitigate, assuage, allay, lessen, lighten, relieve, ease
ANTONYMS
aggravate, intensify, increase, augment
USAGE EXAMPLES
The medication instantly alleviated the patient's pain. (relieved, lightened)
Jon's weekly phone calls were able to alleviate some of his mother's worry while he was stationed overseas. (assuage, ease)
anarchy
(noun)
DEFINITION
a state of disorder and chaos, usually resulting from the absence of government or formal control
SYNONYMS
lawlessness, chaos, disorder, disarray, pandemonium, confusion
ANTONYMS
lawfulness, order
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lack of leadership caused a state of anarchy among the project team. (confusion, disorder, chaos)
Without any leadership, our company will slowly slide into a state of anarchy. (disarray, disorder)
apathy
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. the absence of emotion or enthusiasm; 2. inability to feel; 3. lack of interest
SYNONYMS
unconcern, indifference, stoicism, insensibility, passivism, listlessness
ANTONYMS
passion, enthusiasm, zeal, curiosity
USAGE EXAMPLES
His apathy toward his job eventually got him fired. (indifference, unconcern)
The politician was nervous because he was seeing signs of apathy from his loyal constituents. (passiveness, indifference)
ascetic
(noun, adjective)
DEFINITION
(n.) a person who practices self-denial; (adj.) practicing abstinence
SYNONYMS
(n.) abstainer, hermit, puritan, (adj.) abstinent, abstemious, austere, restrained, severe
ANTONYMS
(n.) hedonist, (adj.) self-indulgent, sensuous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sarah is ascetic in her lifestyle; she doesn't allow herself any luxuries, and her home is very simple and plain. (austere, restrained)
Medieval ascetics believed that attachment to earthly possessions was sinful. (abstainers, monks)
astute
(adjective)
DEFINITION
able to be perceptive and to make intelligent decisions and judgments
SYNONYMS
perceptive, discerning, intelligent, clever, cunning, shrewd, crafty, wily, sly
ANTONYMS
imperceptive, ignorant, naive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her astute cultural observations made her one of the most noted anthropologists of her time. (perceptive, discerning)
The astute investor made even more money in the stock market than in his business. (wily, shrewd)
augment
(verb)
DEFINITION
to increase or make greater by adding something
SYNONYMS
supplement, increase, expand, intensify, enlarge, enhance
ANTONYMS
attenuate, decrease, degrade, reduce
USAGE EXAMPLES
The senator's salary was augmented by funds obtained from illegal bribes. (supplemented, enhanced)
If you want to augment your investment portfolio, you'll have to take some calculated risks. (expand, enlarge)
austere
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. stern, strict, or harsh in manner; 2. bare or unadorned; 3. indicating self-denial or lack of comfort
SYNONYMS
severe, strict, stern, harsh, unadorned, plain, simple, forbidding, stringent, ascetic, solemn
ANTONYMS
luxurious, self-indulgent
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the war abroad, many families faced increased austerity in their home lives. (self-denial, simplicity)
The children were nervous in the presence of the austere and intimidating instructor. (stern, forbidding)
banal
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. boring and lacking in originality; 2. repeated too often and therefore overly familiar
SYNONYMS
trite, insipid, common, hackneyed, unoriginal, dull, obvious
ANTONYMS
original, fresh, new, uncommon
USAGE EXAMPLES
We need to come up with some better concepts for next week's presentation; everything we've thought of so far is totally banal. (trite, unoriginal)
He thinks his ideas are creative and original, but I find them to be rather banal. (common, hackneyed, obvious)
belligerent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. hostile, and ready to fight or go to war; 2. taking part or engaged in warfare; 3. characteristic of hostility or readiness to fight
SYNONYMS
combative, hostile, bellicose, contentious, warlike, aggressive, antagonistic, pugnacious, quarrelsome
ANTONYMS
friendly, peaceful, neutral, conciliatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was impossible to explain myself when he was so belligerent with anger. (combative, aggressive, bellicose)
The woman was shocked and embarrassed when her husband became belligerent with her in public. (combative, pugnacious, aggressive)
benevolent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
a tendency to do good or generous things
SYNONYMS
good, kind, generous, altruistic, charitable, compassionate
ANTONYMS
malevolent, evil, selfish, insensitive, unfeeling, unkind
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was a benevolent man, determined to do what he could to make life easier and happier for others. (kind, compassionate)
John didn't have a selfish bone in his body, and his benevolence won him many friends and admirers. (kindness, generosity)
candid
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. honest, straightforward, and sincere, without reserve; 2. informal and natural
SYNONYMS
forthright, frank, guileless, sincere, unbiased, straightforward, earnest, informal, improvised, spontaneous, fair
ANTONYMS
deceitful, devious, indirect, insincere
USAGE EXAMPLES
We need to have a candid conversation about the state of our company and discuss the good, the bad, and the ugly. (frank, sincere)
She was very candid with the journalist during the interview and revealed many personal details of her life. (forthright, earnest)
censure
(noun, verb)
DEFINITION
(n.) harsh criticism or condemnation; (v.) to criticize severely or to condemn
SYNONYMS
(n.) rebuke, disapproval, criticism, condemnation, reproval, (v.) condemn, criticize, castigate, reprove, denounce
ANTONYMS
praise
USAGE EXAMPLES
The committee issued a censure of the legislature's questionable activities. (criticism, reproval)
Those who refused to strike were censured by the union. (criticized, castigated)
complacent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
overly self-satisfied due to a high opinion of oneself, and therefore, too content
SYNONYMS
smug, self-satisfied, self-pleased, at ease, indifferent, apathetic, impervious
ANTONYMS
humble, diffident, on guard
USAGE EXAMPLES
American auto makers became too complacent in the 1970's, allowing Japanese manufacturers to increase auto sales in the US. (at ease, smug)
Strong competition keeps companies from becoming too complacent. (comfortable, impervious)
compliance
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. the act of obedience to order or law; 2. the act of surrendering power to another
SYNONYMS
deference, acquiescence, conformity, yielding, adherence
ANTONYMS
noncompliance, disobedience, nonconformity
USAGE EXAMPLES
The released offender's compliance with her parole officer was to her benefit. (conformity, deference)
The rebellious new driver felt that compliance with traffic laws was optional, until he started getting traffic tickets. (acquiescence, assent)
conciliatory
(adjective)
DEFINITION
acting in a placating manner to bring about agreement, restore trust and goodwill, or settle someone's anger
SYNONYMS
accommodating, obliging, appeasing, assuaging, mollifying, placating
ANTONYMS
antagonistic, belligerent, stubborn
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conciliatory tone of his voice showed that he was ready to end our disagreement. (placating, assuaging)
If it's any conciliation, I didn't have any fun at the party without you. (appeasement)
condone
(verb)
DEFINITION
to overlook and accept as harmless, behavior which is considered immoral or wrong--to make allowances for bad behavior, without criticism
SYNONYMS
overlook, pardon, disregard, tolerate, sanction
ANTONYMS
censure, condemn, denounce, forbid
USAGE EXAMPLES
To initially condone bad behavior may give truth to the phrase, "give them an inch, and they'll take a mile." (overlook, tolerate)
If you condone dishonesty in the company you keep, what's to stop you from becoming untruthful yourself? (disregard, pardon)
conspicuous
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. easily seen--noticeable; 2. trying to attract attention through being unusual or remarkable
SYNONYMS
obvious, noticeable, blatant, evident, apparent, obtrusive, overt
ANTONYMS
inconspicuous, unnoticeable, unseen, hidden
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tourist's bright backpack was quite conspicuous and immediately marked her as a foreigner. (obvious, noticeable)
If you continue your conspicuous and odd behavior, she will know you are planning a surprise party for her. (obvious, overt)
contempt
(noun)
DEFINITION
willful and open disrespect
SYNONYMS
disdain, dislike, disrespect, hatred, disgust, disregard, scorn, loathing, shame, dishonor, arrogance, defiance
ANTONYMS
regard, reverence, respect, honor, affection
USAGE EXAMPLES
I have nothing but contempt for people who lie, cheat, and steal. (disgust, loathing)
He is very contemptuous of people who don't work hard and complain about everything in life. (expressing disgust)
deference
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. polite respect, especially putting another person's interests first; 2. a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others
SYNONYMS
homage, obeisance, reverence, submission, respect, consideration
ANTONYMS
insolence, irreverence disesteem, disfavor discourtesy, incivility, rudeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Out of deference to our guests, we always ask them what they want for dinner. (respect, consideration)
He will defer to his lawyers about whether or not to take the stand during the trial. (yield, concede, submit)
depraved
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. showing great moral corruption or wickedness; 2. deviating from what is right, proper, or good
SYNONYMS
corrupt, degenerate, mean, debased, immoral, wicked
ANTONYMS
scrupulous, upstanding
USAGE EXAMPLES
He has been a ruthless and mean business man throughout his whole career; I don't think he can change his depraved ways. (corrupt)
The depraved club treasurer ran off to Hawaii and spent all the members' dues. (corrupt, immoral)
deride
(verb)
DEFINITION
to ridicule or show contempt for someone or something
SYNONYMS
gibe, jeer, mock, disparage, ridicule, scoff, scorn
ANTONYMS
praise, respect, encourage
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bill's friends derided him for his obvious fright during the scary movie. (mocked, ridiculed)
"What a ridiculous outfit," Sue said with derision, "don't you know you shouldn't wear white shoes with black socks?" (scorn)
deter
(verb)
DEFINITION
to discourage or prevent from taking action, especially by frightening people or making them nervous about the consequences
SYNONYMS
dissuade, inhibit, prevent, preclude, damp, daunt, discourage, hinder, intimidate, restrain
ANTONYMS
encourage, incite, urge
USAGE EXAMPLES
Knowing that Becky had been punished for eating cookies between meals did not deter Tommy from sneaking a cookie when their mother wasn't looking. (daunt, prevent)
Criminologists disagree about whether longer jail sentences are really a deterrent against crime. (prevention, hindrance)
didactic
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. tending to give instruction or advice, even when it is neither welcome or necessary; 2. containing a political or moral message
SYNONYMS
dogmatic, preachy, edifying, instructive, donnish, homiletic, moralizing, sermonic pedagogic, pedantic, perceptive
ANTONYMS
entertaining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie was somewhat entertaining, but it was more didactic, with an underlying message that much can be learned from history. (edifying, preachy)
Ron's didactic explanations irritated his coworkers, who simply wanted to be told how the software worked, without long digressions on the theory behind it. (pedantic, sermonic)
diligence
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task and being very thorough; 2. hard and persistent effort when doing a task
SYNONYMS
industriousness, thoroughness, conscientiousness, application
ANTONYMS
carelessness, neglect
USAGE EXAMPLES
Larry's care and diligence won him many promotions and the respect of his boss. (industriousness, thoroughness)
It is important for us to do our due-diligence on this project; we can't overlook anything or make any mistakes. (thorough research, application)
discerning
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. possessing good judgment; 2. distinguishing in subtlety and good taste
SYNONYMS
discriminating, perceptive, judicious, sensitive, shrewd, astute
ANTONYMS
undiscerning, obtuse
USAGE EXAMPLES
The restaurant reviewer was famous for his discerning taste and fair depictions of local haunts. (sensitive, discriminating)
The teacher surveyed her students' work with a discerning eye, distinguishing between that which was done well and that which needed improvement. (perceptive, astute)
discord
(noun)
DEFINITION
disagreement or strife between people, things, or situations
SYNONYMS
disharmony, tension, friction, clashing, conflict, contention, disagreement, dispute, dissension, disunity, strife, wrangling, antagonism
ANTONYMS
agreement, harmony, unity
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was discord between the two countries for seven generations, until the people finally decided they had had enough of war. (strife, conflict)
The discordant sounds of the children's first instrumental concert grated on the ears of all but the most doting parents. (clashing, disharmonious)
discriminate
(verb, adjective)
DEFINITION
(v.) 1. to recognize or identify a difference between things; 2. to treat members of a group unfairly because of prejudice; (adj.) characterized by the ability to see or make distinctions between things
SYNONYMS
(v.) discern, distinguish, differentiate, judge, favor, bias, (adj.) discriminating, discerning, perceptive, choosy
ANTONYMS
(adj.) indiscriminate
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are color-blind, you will not be able to discriminate between red and blue on a color chart. (distinguish)
Any kind of discrimination based on race, gender, or age is illegal in most places of work. (prejudicial distinction, bias, favor)
disdain
(noun, verb)
DEFINITION
(n.) strong contempt or feeling of scorn; (v.) to view with contempt and a feeling of superiority
SYNONYMS
(n.) contempt, ridicule, arrogance, (v.) disregard, reject, scorn, snub, despise
ANTONYMS
(n./v.) admire/admiration, respect, esteem
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man regarded the noisy, nosey children in his neighborhood with disdain. (contempt, scorn)
The woman disdained to join those who were playing the game, feeling far too mature for such nonsense. (rejected, snubbed)
disparage
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way; 2. to undervalue; 3. to discredit
SYNONYMS
belittle, denigrate, degrade, demoralize, deride, deprecate, defame, undervalue, discredit
ANTONYMS
approve, commend, compliment, laud
USAGE EXAMPLES
A good manager would never disparage an employee in front of others. (belittle, demoralize)
Marine drill sergeants are known for their use of disparaging methods for recruits in boot camp. (denigrating, demoralizing)
disparate
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. including dissimilar elements; 2. fundamentally different so as to be beyond comparison
SYNONYMS
different, miscellaneous, sundry, diversified, distinct, separate
ANTONYMS
comparable, similar, analogous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project team's disparate opinions made for a frustrating and inconclusive meeting. (different, distinct)
Leslie enjoys such disparate hobbies as bowling and painting. (diversified, miscellaneous)
dispassionate
(adjective)
DEFINITION
unemotional and therefore unbiased
SYNONYMS
objective, impartial, fair, detached, disinterested, cool, unbiased
ANTONYMS
passionate, emotional, biased
USAGE EXAMPLES
The police were able to catch the criminal with the help of a dispassionate observer who simply told officers what she had seen when they interviewed her. (unemotional, impartial)
With the mounting tension between the two groups, a dispassionate mediator is needed to facilitate further discussions. (fair, calm, unbiased)
dissent
(verb, noun)
DEFINITION
(v.) to disagree or to refrain from giving approval; (n.) disagreement or nonconformity
SYNONYMS
(v.) object, disagree, differ, (n.) objection, disagreement, nonconformity, discord
ANTONYMS
(v.) agree, consent, (n.) accord, harmony
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of those present at the town council meeting agreed with the new policy, but there were a few who expressed dissent. (disagreement)
The young man opted for a secular career rather than one in the ministry, because he dissented with the idea that priests should not marry. (disagreed, objected to)
diverse
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. comprised of varied elements or components; 2. different or distinct
SYNONYMS
varied, different, distinct, unlike, dissimilar, heterogeneous
ANTONYMS
similar, uniform
USAGE EXAMPLES
She has many diverse interests, including coin collecting, soccer, and oil painting. (varied, different)
The college is working to create a more diverse student body. (varied, heterogeneous)
dogma
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a religious doctrine; 2. a code of beliefs
SYNONYMS
doctrine, belief, tenet, conviction, creed, credo, ideology, code, system
ANTONYMS
USAGE EXAMPLES
His political dogma paralleled that of the republican party. (ideology, belief system)
This company has always operated under the dogma that employees must be respected and compensated fairly. (belief, tenet, conviction)
eccentric
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. unconventional or unusual; 2. not having a common center
SYNONYMS
odd, outlandish, whimsical, off-center, unusual, peculiar, quirky
ANTONYMS
concentric, conventional, ordinary, normal
USAGE EXAMPLES
His quirky and eccentric manner never failed to make people laugh. (unusual)
Her eccentric and funky fashion designs appeal to young people. (whimsical, quirky)
endorse
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to promote; 2. to approve or support; 3. to sign officially (as a check or receipt)
SYNONYMS
approve, support, promote, sanction, sign, underwrite
ANTONYMS
denounce
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you want this check cashed, you will need to endorse it with your signature. (sign, authorize)
Michael Phelps endorses a number of swimming products. (supports, promotes)
engender
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to create or give rise to; 2. to make children
SYNONYMS
generate, create, incite, produce, beget, cause, procreate, breed
ANTONYMS
destroy
USAGE EXAMPLES
The activists hope to engender change. (cause, bring about, generate)
Technology has engendered fear among some and delight among others. (caused, bred, created)
enigma
(noun)
DEFINITION
something that defies explanation
SYNONYMS
mystery, secret, puzzle, paradox, perplexity
ANTONYMS
answer, truth, clarity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her enigmatic smile made me wonder what was on her mind. (mysterious)
How such an inept person became CEO for a major corporation, is truly an enigma. (mystery, perplexity)
ephemeral
(adjective)
DEFINITION
lasting for only a little while
SYNONYMS
short-lived, temporary, momentary, transient, fleeting
ANTONYMS
long-lived, long-lasting
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tried to catch an ephemeral snowflake on his tongue, to no avail. (fleeting, temporary)
Few things in this life are as ephemeral as fame. (fleeting, transient)
euphony
(noun)
DEFINITION
a pleasant, harmonious quality of sound formed when words are combined to create smooth enunciation of letters and syllables
SYNONYMS
harmoniousness, melodiousness, musicality, consonance
ANTONYMS
cacophony
USAGE EXAMPLES
To some people, opera is a euphony; to others rap provides that kind of harmony. (harmoniousness, consonance)
Walt Whitman is a famous, early American poet whose picturesque euphony of poetry paints a memorable picture of nature and history. (melodiousness, musicality)
exemplary
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. worthy of imitation; 2. serving as a perfect model or example; 3. designed to be severe and serve as a warning to others (as in a punishment)
SYNONYMS
laudable, praiseworthy, quintessential, worthy, emblematic, typical, illustrative, representative, cautionary, dissuasive, monitory
ANTONYMS
reprehensible, substandard, awful, atypical, anomalous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Through exemplary conduct and fierce determination, he climbed his way to the top ranks of the military. (laudable, praiseworthy)
Through the exemplary jail sentence for the 15 year old, the judge hoped to curb violent behavior amongst other young gang members. (cautionary, dissuasive)
expedient
(adjective, noun)
DEFINITION
(adj.) 1. convenient as a means to an end, sometimes not morally acceptable; 2. governed by self-interest; (n.) a means to an end, often not principled or ethical
SYNONYMS
(adj.) convenient, practical, advantageous, efficient, opportunistic, timesaving, profitable, (n.) expediency, means, device
ANTONYMS
inexpedient
USAGE EXAMPLES
Forcing employees to work overtime without overtime pay is an expedient solution to our cash-flow problem, but in the long-run, it may affect company morale. (advantageous, opportunistic, practical)
When working with contractors, it is expedient not to pay them until the job is completed to your satisfaction. (advantageous, practical)
expedite
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to hasten the action or speed up the progress of something; 2. to deal with something quickly and efficiently
SYNONYMS
hasten, accelerate, assist, facilitate, advance
ANTONYMS
slow, stifle
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there any way that we can expedite this process so we can meet our deadline? (accelerate, hasten)
I'm going to expedite this paperwork in order to move things along more quickly. (accelerate, advance)
extol
(verb)
DEFINITION
to praise highly and lift someone or something up with great admiration
SYNONYMS
glorify, hail, exalt, acclaim, magnify, commend, praise
ANTONYMS
condemn, criticize, decry, disparage
USAGE EXAMPLES
The golfers extolled the benefits of membership at their country club. (acclaimed, commended)
When her professor extolled her scientific prowess, Julie became convinced of her destiny with greatness. (glorified, hailed)
fastidious
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. possessing or displaying meticulous attention to detail, needing everything to be correct and perfect; 2. extremely sensitive or delicate in matters of food, manners, dress, or personal hygiene, and easily disgusted by lack on cleanliness
SYNONYMS
particular, meticulous, persnickety, dainty, finicky, exacting, squeamish, precious, fussy
ANTONYMS
indifferent, uncouth, uncritical, undemanding, accepting, laid back
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man's fastidious attention to detail and focus made him an excellent technical writer. (exacting, meticulous)
I didn't realize he was so fastidious until we went out to dinner and he sent his meal back three times. (particular, demanding)
fervor
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. extreme intensity of emotion or belief; 2. intense heat
SYNONYMS
seriousness, passion, ardency, earnestness, animation, vehemence, intensity
ANTONYMS
apathy, impassiveness, indifference
USAGE EXAMPLES
The country was full of patriotic fervor during the war. (zeal, passion)
Rioters reached quite a fervor after embarking upon a hunger strike. (earnestness, vehemence)
futile
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. unlikely to produce a useful or desired result--useless or ineffective; 2. lacking substance or value
SYNONYMS
pointless, hopeless, useless, ineffective, ineffectual, unproductive, worthless, profitless, fruitless, trivial, negligible
ANTONYMS
useful, significant
USAGE EXAMPLES
Due to bad weather, the team's attempt to climb Mt. Everest proved futile once again. (fruitless, ineffectual)
My attempt to get ahead on the project seemed futile, as each week, my responsibilities kept piling up. (hopeless, useless)
gravity
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. the seriousness or significance of something; 2. a manner that is serious and solemn; 3. the quality of being heavy; 4. the gravitational force of Earth
SYNONYMS
importance, significance, seriousness, magnitude, weight
ANTONYMS
lightness, levity, insignificance
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hope you understand the gravity of this situation and will do everything in your power to solve the matter. (significance, magnitude)
The grave manner in which she looked at me told me this was no time for jokes. (serious)
guile
(noun)
DEFINITION
trickery, duplicity, or deceptive cunning
SYNONYMS
duplicity, cunning, craftiness, deceitfulness, trickery
ANTONYMS
innocence, candor, honesty
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is an honest man, without guile. (deceitfulness, cunning)
She is a guileless young girl who will believe most anything she is told. (innocent, naive)
heresy
(noun)
DEFINITION
a belief that counters accepted religious doctrine or the holding of such a belief
SYNONYMS
dissent, iconoclasm, dissidence, nonconformity, revisionism, sacrilege
ANTONYMS
orthodoxy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some famous thinkers such as Martin Luther and Galileo were accused of heresy in their own times because their new ideas contradicted the church. (dissent, dissidence)
You may think I am a heretic, but I am not entirely convinced that Western medicine has all the answers. (dissenter)
impartial
(adjective)
DEFINITION
unbiased, not partial, and showing equal treatment
SYNONYMS
unbiased, fair, neutral, objective, just
ANTONYMS
partial, biased, unfair
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there is a dispute over the contract, we will take our case before an impartial authority. (unbiased, neutral)
She was a fair and impartial grader, which made her a good teacher. (fair, unbiased, just)
incessant
(adjective)
DEFINITION
uninterrupted and continuous
SYNONYMS
constant, unending, ceaseless, continuous, uninterrupted, perpetual
ANTONYMS
temporary, periodic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her incessant questions were cute at first, but soon became very annoying. (constant)
My boss' incessant demands are putting so much pressure on me that I'm beginning to see physical signs of the strain. (ceaseless, constant)
indifferent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. having little or no interest; 2. neither good nor bad; 3. not mattering one way or another; 3. showing little care or concern
SYNONYMS
disinterested, detached, aloof, apathetic, unconcerned, unmoved, uninvolved, unremarkable, ordinary, undistinguished
ANTONYMS
interested, attached, concerned, involved, outstanding
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reactions to the movie ranged from good to indifferent. (unremarkable, apathetic)
He loved going to the company picnic every year, but his wife was indifferent about it. (detached, disinterested)
inevitable
(adjective)
DEFINITION
certain to happen
SYNONYMS
destined, certain, inescapable, imminent, unavoidable, impending, ineluctable, necessary
ANTONYMS
doubtful, unlikely, avoidable, escapable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether we like it or not, the government inevitably takes its share of our paychecks. (unavoidably)
The team's loss was inevitable; half the players were out sick. (destined, certain)
infamous
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. having an extremely bad reputation; 2. famous for something bad
SYNONYMS
notorious, disreputable, scandalous, abominable, evil, dishonorable, shameful
ANTONYMS
honorable, praiseworthy, noble, exalted
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infamous virus has claimed many lives this winter season. (notorious)
The corporation's infamous bad business practices left many people worried about the future of the company stock. (scandalous, shameful)
innovative
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. taking a new and original approach; 2. ahead of the times
SYNONYMS
creative, original, inventive, resourceful, ingenious, new
ANTONYMS
unoriginal, hackneyed
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is an innovative artist who tries to use new and interesting materials to create his works. (creative, inventive)
This is the first true innovation our industry has seen in years. (new idea)
insipid
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. having no interest, significance, or impact; 2. without taste of flavor
SYNONYMS
uninteresting, unimaginative, banal, insignificant, empty, flat, lackluster, jejune, dull, stale, boring, lifeless, bland, vapid, tasteless, flavorless
ANTONYMS
interesting, significant, imaginative, savory, flavorful
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her insipid sales presentation had no impact on the client and certainly didn't raise our bottom line. (lackluster, insignificant)
Even the famous actor couldn't help the ratings of the insipid TV show. (boring, lifeless, banal)
ironic
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. different than what was anticipated; 2. humorously sarcastic
SYNONYMS
inconsistent, contrary, contradictory, absurd, twisted, unexpected, paradoxical, sarcastic, farcical, sardonic
ANTONYMS
anticipated, expected, consistent, serious
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an ironic twist, the best team was defeated by the worst one. (unexpected)
It is a sad irony that Van Gough's success did not come until after his death. (twist, farce, absurdity, incongruity)
languid
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. lacking energy and spirit; 2. slow moving
SYNONYMS
sluggish, listless, lethargic, lazy, lackadaisical, inactive, unhurried, leisurely, indifferent
ANTONYMS
active, spirited, energetic, lively
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the hot and languid summer, the kids slept in and spent numerous hours sitting leisurely by the pool. (lazy, unhurried, leisurely)
It was clear by his languid demeanor that he was no longer interested in his work. (indifferent, lackadaisical, listless)
laud
(verb)
DEFINITION
to praise highly--glorify
SYNONYMS
acclaim, celebrate, compliment, praise, glorify, honor, extol
ANTONYMS
criticize, censure, boo
USAGE EXAMPLES
The great concert pianist was lauded for his talent. (acclaimed, extolled)
The policy was lauded for helping to reduce homelessness. (complimented, praised)
lucid
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. clear and easily understood; 2. rational and mentally clear; 3. shining or emitting light
SYNONYMS
clear, evident, obvious, unmistakable, sane, rational, intelligent, bright, radiant, brilliant
ANTONYMS
unclear, gloomy, murky
USAGE EXAMPLES
You can tell the vacation did him well; his thoughts, ideas, and reports were more lucid when he returned. (clear, rational)
All of his ideas were clear and easy to follow; he impressed everyone with his lucid speaking ability. (brilliant)
mitigate
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to make something less harsh, severe, or violent; 2. to make an offense or crime less serious or more excusable
SYNONYMS
relieve, lessen, assuage, ease, excuse, soften, extenuate
ANTONYMS
intensify, aggravate, augment
USAGE EXAMPLES
The physician group paid more for insurance to mitigate their malpractice liability. (lessen, ease)
The company required all employees to sign a policy form on sexual harassment in order to mitigate its liability in future harassment cases. (assuage, lessen)
negligent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. failing to do something required or expected; 2. characterized by carelessness or lack of concern
SYNONYMS
careless, heedless, neglectful, lax
ANTONYMS
careful, mindful, concerned
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their baby was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and they are now suing the doctor for negligence during the delivery. (inattentiveness, carelessness)
Amy is often negligent of her responsibilities and other people have to pick up the slack for her. (neglectful)
novelty
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a new and surprising originality; 2. the quality of being new and different; 2. a small, inexpensive toy or trinket
SYNONYMS
originality, newness, innovation, freshness, fad, gimmick, curio
ANTONYMS
sameness, banality, familiarity, staleness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The novelty of a trend usually wears off quickly, and the trend setters go on to the next new thing. (newness)
Our store sells mainly novelty items that appeal to tourists and young people. (curio, gimmicky)
objective
(adjective, noun)
DEFINITION
(adj.) 1. without bias or personal opinion; 2. based on facts, not emotions; 3. able to be perceived or observed; (n.) an intended and attainable goal
SYNONYMS
(adj.) fair, unbiased, unprejudiced, impartial, disinterested, equitable, measurable, actual, observable, material, (n.) goal, purpose, object, aim, target
ANTONYMS
subjective, biased, emotional, partial, introspective
USAGE EXAMPLES
The manager tried to take an objective stance when listening to his quarreling employees. (fair, impartial)
Our objective is to teach students to write more effectively. (goal, aim)
obscure
(adjective, verb)
DEFINITION
(adj.) 1. unclear, unknown, or difficult to distinguish; 2. dark or hidden; (v.) to make less visible or unclear
SYNONYMS
(adj.) unclear, ambiguous, unknown, cloudy, hazy, dark, dim, hidden, vague, indistinct, obfuscated, (v.) hide, conceal, dim, darken, screen
ANTONYMS
(adj.) clear, distinct, (v.) clarify, elucidate
USAGE EXAMPLES
This beautiful sculpture was created by an obscure artist from a small town, but I'm sure he'll be famous some day. (unknown)
Lawyers are expected to interpret obscure sections of legal code. (unclear)
philanthropist
(noun)
DEFINITION
someone who gives charitable contributions in order to help humankind
SYNONYMS
donor, contributor, backer, supporter, altruist, patron, humanitarian
ANTONYMS
misanthrope, miser
USAGE EXAMPLES
The philanthropist gave millions for the community center to be built. (donor, contributor)
If it weren't for her generosity and philanthropy, the art exhibit would not have opened. (charity, support, patronage)
pious
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. showing religious reverence; 2. religious
SYNONYMS
religious, reverent, spiritual, devout, devoted, righteous, faithful, sanctimonious
ANTONYMS
agnostic, unholy, irreverent
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was a pious man who went to church every Sunday. (devout, spiritual)
He had a pious attitude toward the teachings of his religion and lived his life by them. (sanctimonious, devoted)
pragmatic
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory or ideology; 2. relating to matters of fact and practicality
SYNONYMS
realistic, down-to-earth, practical, sensible, matter-of-fact, logical
ANTONYMS
ideological, unrealistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tends to have a more pragmatic approach to solving problems, versus others in the company, who tend to be overly idealistic. (logical, practical)
He didn't feel that ideology had a place in politics and preferred to take a pragmatic approach to the issues. (realistic, down-to-earth, logical)
prodigal
(adjective, noun)
DEFINITION
(adj.) 1. wasteful, especially with money; 2. lavish and excessive; 3. being generous and giving abundantly; (n.) a person who is wasteful with money, especially that of their parents
SYNONYMS
(adj.) wasteful, extravagant, lavish, reckless, enormous, exaggerated, excessive, (n.) spender
ANTONYMS
(adj.) meager, moderate, frugal
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prodigal returned home; he was penniless and sorry for his wasteful spending. (spender)
Many people in our society live a prodigal life, throwing things out and buying new things at an alarming rate. (wasteful, lavish)
profound
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. deep in intellect or insight; 2. intense; 3. from or extending to a depth; 4. complete or pervasive
SYNONYMS
deep, intense, penetrating, poignant, thorough, complete, pervasive, insightful
ANTONYMS
superficial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Einstein is known for his profound understanding of the complexities of relativity. (insightful, deep)
The tragic accident caused profound sadness throughout the community. (deep, intense)
profusion
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a lavish or extravagant amount; 2. large quantity of something
SYNONYMS
abundance, extravagance, lavishness, excess, bounty, plenty, wealth
ANTONYMS
sparseness, lack, shortage
USAGE EXAMPLES
This spring the flowers bloomed in greater profusion than in past years. (abundance)
Relieved and happy, she offered profuse thanks to the man who saved her life. (lavish, overflowing, excessive, effusive)
prosaic
(adjective)
DEFINITION
without interest, variety, or imagination--dull
SYNONYMS
boring, commonplace, ordinary, monotonous, insipid, mundane, simple, dull, vapid, banal
ANTONYMS
exciting, fascinating, interesting, stimulating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Data entry is a prosaic chore. (mundane, dull)
I'm surprised you enjoyed that book so much; I found it to be prosaic and unimaginative. (boring, banal, vapid)
provincial
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. of or from a province; 2. being narrow-minded or unsophisticated
SYNONYMS
regional, rural, homespun, limited, rustic, unsophisticated, narrow-minded, unpolished
ANTONYMS
urban, polished, sophisticated, open-minded
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was a narrow-minded, provincial man who did not really want to hear my opinion. (unsophisticated)
His provincial way of thinking led him to believe that school was only necessary until the eighth grade. (homespun, limited)
provocative
(adjective)
DEFINITION
intending to stimulate or excite
SYNONYMS
inflammatory, aggravating, arousing, challenging, disturbing, exciting, stimulating, inspirational
ANTONYMS
common, dull, un-inspirational
USAGE EXAMPLES
She gave him a provocative smile as she slowly and deliberately crossed her legs. (sexually exciting, arousing)
The movie was very provocative; everyone left the theater emotional. (disturbing, challenging, stimulating)
redundant
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. characterized by unnecessary repetition, especially of a word or phrase, such as two synonyms used in conjunction; 2. cluttered with more than is needed
SYNONYMS
repetitious, repetitive, superfluous, excessive, verbose, unnecessary, prolix, loquacious
ANTONYMS
non-repetitive, deficient, insufficient, meager, moderate, abridged
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seemed redundant to keep her schedule in both her day planner and her palm pilot. (unnecessary, excessive)
Please don't call and e-mail me regarding the same thing; it's so redundant. (repetitive, unnecessary)
relevant
(adjective)
DEFINITION
having a bearing on, or pertinent with, the present subject
SYNONYMS
germane, pertinent, material, applicable, significant, apposite
ANTONYMS
irrelevant, unsuitable, unrelated, immaterial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her comments during the meeting were relevant and well received. (germane, pertinent)
Your thoughts on this issue are irrelevant, so you might as well save your breath because we're proceeding as planned. (immaterial, insignificant)
reprehensible
(adjective)
DEFINITION
describes deplorable, highly unacceptable action, deserving severe rebuke
SYNONYMS
condemnable, shameful, blameworthy, unjustifiable, vile, heinous, reproachable, culpable, errant
ANTONYMS
praiseworthy, laudable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your actions in this matter are reprehensible, and you will be held accountable for them. (deplorable, condemnable)
The former president's reprehensible behavior was seemingly forgotten in later years, when throngs of people came out to hear him speak. (errant, shameful)
repudiate
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to refuse to recognize the truth or validity of something; 2. to reject something as untrue or unjust; 3. to formally disapprove of something; 4. to formally separate yourself from something or someone; 5. to refuse to pay a debt
SYNONYMS
reject, abjure, deny, renounce, abandon, disavow, divorce, forsake, negate, disclaim, disdain, abdicate, disregard
ANTONYMS
recognize, acknowledge, adopt, own, embrace, accept
USAGE EXAMPLES
The newspaper refused to repudiate the remarks of one of its editorial writers, despite public outcry. (reject, disavow, disclaim)
I repudiated my former opinion when I realized I was misled. (rejected, abandoned)
resignation
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. the relinquishment of a job or position, or a formal statement of intent to do so; 2. an unresisting acceptance of a change or fate you don't necessarily like
SYNONYMS
notice, withdrawal, termination, surrender, acceptance, compliance, deference, docility, passivity, submission
ANTONYMS
USAGE EXAMPLES
My resignation will be on your desk in the morning. (notice [of quitting])
Joanna continued to work on the tedious project with resignation, because she knew that there was no one to do it for her. (acceptance, deference, compliance)
resolute
(adjective)
DEFINITION
firm in belief or purpose, and characterized by determination
SYNONYMS
determined, purposeful, immutable, unhesitating, unshakeable, firm, unwavering, intent, decisive
ANTONYMS
infirm, flexible, lenient
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many people felt the President failed to lead with conviction and was not resolute in making decisions. (purposeful, firm)
Make no mistake about it, our new CEO is resolute in his determination to turn this company around. (determined, unwavering)
reticent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. unwilling or disinclined to talk; 2. reluctant to draw attention to oneself; 3. cool and formal in manner--reserved
SYNONYMS
silent, hesitant, shy, reserved, restrained, taciturn, reluctant
ANTONYMS
frank, unreserved
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought he was unusually reticent when we were discussing the missing office supplies. (silent, reserved)
Most people are reticent about opening up to a new boss. (shy, hesitant)
revere
(verb)
DEFINITION
to treat or regard somebody with admiration and deep respect
SYNONYMS
admire, esteem, regard, respect, venerate
ANTONYMS
disrespect, disdain, contemn
USAGE EXAMPLES
I revere doctors who donate their time and resources to help those who cannot afford medical care. (admire, respect)
The once-revered CEO lost the respect of his employees when he admitted to embezzling funds for his own profit. (admired, respected)
rigorous
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. demanding strict attention to rules; 2. strictly accurate; 3. harsh, strict, or difficult in nature
SYNONYMS
demanding, exacting, strict, stern, meticulous, severe, difficult, precise, rough, tough, inclement
ANTONYMS
flexible, lenient, painless, easy
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a rigorous assignment, but he somehow finished it. (difficult, demanding)
The athlete had to endure eight years of rigorous training before he was ready for the Olympics. (strict, difficult, tough)
scrutinize
(verb)
DEFINITION
to examine something carefully
SYNONYMS
analyze, examine, inspect, investigate, study, scan, survey, probe
ANTONYMS
overlook
USAGE EXAMPLES
She will have to scrutinize the painting to see if it is an original or a copy. (inspect)
During the election recount, officials scrutinized every ballot. (examined)
servile
(adjective)
DEFINITION
submissive and obedient, like a servant
SYNONYMS
groveling, submissive, slavish, obsequious, passive, fawning
ANTONYMS
honorable, dignified
USAGE EXAMPLES
The servile assistant obeyed every request from her demanding boss. (obsequious, slavish)
Perhaps if he'd have been a little more servile and did as his boss asked, he never would have lost his job. (submissive)
solemn
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. marked by gravity, dignity, and earnest sincerity; 2. characterized by ceremony or formality; 3. inspiring awe or reverence
SYNONYMS
heavy, intense, earnest, serious, grave, sober, somber, awe-inspiring, imposing, venerable, dignified, ceremonial, sedate, staid, sacred
ANTONYMS
relaxed, bright, cheerful, informal, frivolous, rejoicing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fallen soldiers were honored in a solemn ceremony. (serious, heavy, somber)
After he lost a significant amount of money in Las Vegas, Bob made a solemn promise to his wife never to gamble again. (serious, earnest)
squander
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to spend in an extravagant and wasteful way; 2. to waste an opportunity, usually by spending
SYNONYMS
waste, misuse, consume, spend, waste, blow, misspend
ANTONYMS
retain, save
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hope he doesn't squander away his new-found wealth on gambling and drinking. (spend, blow, waste)
She hoped the new mayor wouldn't squander public funds the way the last one did. (misuse, waste, misspend)
stagnation
(noun)
DEFINITION
a state of inactivity
SYNONYMS
inactivity, motionlessness
ANTONYMS
activity, growth
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our industry has experienced many years of growth, but now seems to have fallen into a period of stagnation. (inactivity, lack of growth)
The executives are hopeful that the new marketing campaign will alleviate the sales stagnation of the past couple months. (inactivity, motionlessness)
superficial
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. shallow, not deep; 2. small or insignificant; 3. relating to or affecting only the surface of something
SYNONYMS
shallow, outward, empty, outward, surface, trivial, insignificant, cosmetic, cursory
ANTONYMS
significant, deep, profound
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thank goodness the cut was only superficial, or you would have bled much more. (shallow)
She is only concerned about superficial attributes like looks and wealth. (outward, surface, shallow)
temperate
(adjective)
DEFINITION
moderate or mild, not extreme, especially said of climate and behavior
SYNONYMS
calm, agreeable, constant, mild, moderate, even-tempered, reasonable, steady, stable, dispassionate
ANTONYMS
extreme, immoderate, severe, unrestrained, excessive
USAGE EXAMPLES
She moved to Southern California because of its temperate climate. (mild, stable)
Mary describes herself as having a temperate personality, but most of her friends think she is a little moody. (agreeable, calm, stable)
tentative
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. unsure, hesitant, or showing a lack of confidence; 2. not finalized, not fully worked out
SYNONYMS
doubtful, uncertain, hesitant, provisional, conditional, probationary, indefinite
ANTONYMS
definite, final, permanent
USAGE EXAMPLES
The two companies signed a tentative agreement until further details of the arrangement could be worked out. (provisional, conditional)
She was tentative about accepting the job offer, since it meant having to move to a different city. (uncertain, hesitant)
vacillate
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to be indecisive or irresolute; 2. to sway from side to side
SYNONYMS
waver, hesitate, fluctuate, sway
ANTONYMS
decide, resolve, settle
USAGE EXAMPLES
I know he vacillates between staying in the US and working oversees. (wavers)
Compounding the problem, government officials vacillated on different ways they could provide disaster relief to the tornado victims. (wavered)
virulent
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. extremely poisonous or infectious; 2. extremely hateful and antagonistic
SYNONYMS
poisonous, deadly, venomous, malignant, infective, corrosive, hostile, hateful, malicious, antagonistic, acrimonious, vicious, bitter
ANTONYMS
innocuous, friendly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors were successful in creating a vaccine for the highly virulent strain of influenza. (deadly, infective, hostile)
I don't understand his virulent critique of my work, when it's clear I did the best job possible. (hostile, hateful, mean)
volition
(noun)
DEFINITION
the power to make conscious choices
SYNONYMS
preference, choice, discretion, election, option, selection, will
ANTONYMS
indetermination, force, duress, constraint
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to the company, the executive resigned on his own volition, but some investors suspect he was forced into early retirement. (free will, choice)
The strikers returned to work because of a presidential order, not out of their own volition. (choice, selection)
voluntary
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. done of free will rather than forced; 2. intentional and deliberate, especially in law
SYNONYMS
willing, elective, unforced, noncompulsory, intentional, deliberate, premeditated
ANTONYMS
compulsory, forced, accidental
USAGE EXAMPLES
I do voluntary work at the Children's Hospital a few times a week. (elective, unforced)
The group's voluntary efforts helped feed hundreds of homeless people last year. (willing, elective)