1) What is the name of the Pequod captain? Was it mentioned in another work of literature? If yes - in which?
Pequod is a ship from Moby Dick - the name of the captain is Ahab, it comes from the Bible. Pequod is a name of and Indian tribe, which was exterminated - the ship ended in the same way, so it is a sort of symbol.
2) What is the name of the best known town in the Yoknapatawpha County? Who is the creator of the whole region?
William Faulkner created this fictional region of Mississippi and it's most popular town is Jefferson.
3) Transcendentalism - brief explanation and three writers.
It was introduced in New England in XIXc., it believed in existence of reality beyond what is visible, a deeper significance, a transcendent reality, distrusted reason, preferred intuition & individual & freedom of nature, urged p. to listen to the spirit of God inside them, shifted morality from the Bible to Nature, it focused on the spirit, which 'transcends' (wykracza poza) the physical and empirical (based on experiments rather than thought) by one's intuition and not through religious doctrines. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Sophia Peabody, the wife of Nathaniel Hawthorne.
4) Which of the American writers conquered Europe without visiting it? Give two titles of works by this author.
5) Great Awakening - when did it hapen, why? Main figure of GA.
The idea was to revive people's sense of God and to make them study the religion. Jonatan Edwards was the main figure. He wrote the “personal narrative”, about him & his encounter with God. He noticed the decline of religion among the Calvinists as they were more concerned with wordly matters than with salvation. The whole movement was about the fear and converting people, as God will take the revenge upon the unfaithful sinners.
6) Who coined the phrase "We shall be a city upon a hill"? Where was it used first?
Jonathan Winthrop in his "Model of Christian Charity"
7) Declaration of Independence - author and time of signing.
Thomas Jefferson, 1776.
8) Who is the fictitious author of "Rip Van Winkle"and many other short stories written by Washington Irving? Why was he invented?
His name is Diedrick Knickerbocker, he was invented to narrate satirical "A History of New York". Irving used the voice of Knickerbocker, an eccentric 25-year-old scholar, to mock pedantic methods of historical scholarship and to poke fun at the Dutch colonization of New York.
9) Two representatives of American realism:
Mark Twain, Henry James.
10) Two novels of Mark Twain, but not "Huck Finn" and the real name of the author.
The Prince and the Pamper, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, his name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens.