Functional types of subordinate clauses

Functional types of subordinate clauses

1.Basic sentence elements (parts of sentence) Subject, Object, Complement, Adverbial can be made of single words, phrases or subordinate clauses (zdania podrzędne).

[What you did] was wrong

I know [ that Mary is busy]

You are [what you it]

[Because he was late], he missed his train.

2.Clauses that function as Subjects, Objects and Complements are called nominal clauses.

3.Clauses can also function as modifiers within various sentence elements. In Polish such clauses are often called “przydawkowe”. The most frequently used type of modifier clauses are relative clauses (zdania względne).

a. This is a boy [who(m) everybody likes].

b. [that everybody likes]

c. [everybody likes]

d. This is a girl [who likes jazz].

e. [that likes jazz]

f. ~~[likes jazz]~~

g. Mary, [who is always the first one to get up], is still asleep.

h. ~~[that is always the first one to get up~~]

i. ~~[is always the first one to get up~~]

j. John, [who(m) everybody in this group respects], would never do such a thing.

k. ~~[that everybody in this group respects],~~

l. ~~[everybody in this group respects~~]

Translate into English:

Dom, którego okna są plastikowe nie jest ekonomiczny.

Jan Kowalski, który mieszka obok mnie jest wyższy niż Jan Kowalski, który mieszka dwie ulice dalej.

To, że Piotr ich odwiedza nie znaczy, że ich zaprosi.

Wiem, że trzeba się uczyć całe życie.

Dajcie znać, jak będziecie gotowi.

Ta książka, którą mi pożyczyłeś nie była ciekawa.

Ta książka, która inspirowała wielu, jest teraz objęta cenzurą.

Pepa zjadła 2 gazety, co nikogo nie zdziwiło.

Quiz 1.

Specify parts of speech in the following sentences:

Mary gave me strange task.

Her brother called John a liar.

The two brothers were looked at each other.

Translate into Polish: demonstrative pronoun, adverb, adjective, preposition

Quiz 2.

Translate into English: łącznik, dopełnienie bliższe, orzeczenie