A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix -- To denote directional meaning
Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'from'	none	Hüseyin got the car out of (from) the garage and brought it to the front of the house.	Hüseyin arabayI garajdan çIkardI ve evin önüne getirdi.
'from'	none	Mrs. Dalrimple buys fresh bread and cake from the bakery on Thursdays.	Bayan Dalrimple Persembe gьnleri fIrIndan taze kek ve ekmek alIr.
'from'	none	You're now [here] at the school. Leave (from) the school and turn left. A little further on there's a traffic signal. Turn right at (from) the traffic signal and walk on a little. Then turn (from the) left at the first road and go straight. The first big building on the right hand side is the library.	Simdi okuldasInIz. Okuldan çIkIn ve sola dönün. Biraz ilerde trafik IsIgI var. Trafik IsIgIndan saga dönün ve biraz yürüyün. Sonra ilk yoldan sola dönün ve dogru gidin. Sag tarafta ilk bьyьk bina kьtьphanedir.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix -- Mandatory or frequent use with certain verbs (but 'den' has no meaning at all, in these cases)
Use/Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like `memnun(mak)'	none	I'm glad to return home again.	Tekrar eve dцnmekten memnunum.
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like `(yukarI) çIkmak'	none	He went up the ladder.	Merdivenden yukarI зIktI.
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like `geçmek'	none	They always go by (pass) the post office.	Her zaman postanenin yanIndan (önünden) geçerler.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like `söz etmek'	none	It's said that you can find a ghost in the old castle.	Eski satoda bir hayalet bulundugundan söz ediliyor.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like `korkmak'	none	Don't be afraid to talk to the boss.	Patronla konusmaktan korkma.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like `nefret etmek'	none	I hate cold weather.	Soguk havadan nefret ediyorum.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like `hoslanmak'	none	I liked Paris in the Autumn.	Son baharda Paristen hoslandIm.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like `yararlanmak'	none	Studying is easier when you can make good use of the large public libraries.	Büyük halk kitaplIklarIndan yararlanIlabildigi zaman çalIsma daha kolaydIr.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix -- In comparative or relational constructions
Use/Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	I like Gümüldür much more than New Yawk City. [Compared to NYC, I like Gümüldür much more.]	Gümüldürü New Yawk City'den daha çok begeniyorum.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	We never have more money than we need. [Compared to our needs, it's never possible (to have) too much of our money.]	Hiç bir zaman ihtiyacImIzdan fazla paramIz olmaz.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	Mary loves him more than I do. [Compared to my loving him, Mary loves (him) more.]	Mary onu benim sevdigimden daha çok seviyor.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	He's going to be taller than his father. [Compared to his father, he'll be taller.]	BabasIndan daha uzun boylu olacak.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	John is smarter than either one of his brothers. [Compared to both his brothers, John is smarter.]	John (erkek) kardeslerinin ikisinden (her biriden) de daha zekidir.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	His eldest son is five years older than the youngest son. [Compared to his youngest son, the eldest son is 5 years older.]	En büyük (yaslI) ogul onun en küçük erkek kardesinden bes yas daha büyük.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	My Dad says we are to spend no more than 50 cents. [My dad says we can't spend one kurus (old Turkish monetary unit) more than 50 cents.] [My father, "In relation to 50 cents, you can't spend one kurus more," he says.]	Babam, elli sentten bir kurus fazla harcamayacaksInIz, diyor.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	Mary is too young for John to marry. [In relation to John, Mary is so young that she can not marry with him.]	Mary, John'dan onunla evlenemeyecek kadar küçüktür.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix -- In Idiomatic 'post-position' Constructions
Meaning of 'den' construction	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'-meden/madan' (without)	none	He spoke impulsively (without thinking).	Dьsьnmeden sцyledi.
'-den/dan' (since)	bu yana	She's been in bed with the flu since Saturday.	Cumartesiden bu yana gripten yataktaydI.
'-meden/madan ...' (before)	цnce	Five minutes before we left, I became ill.	Biz ayrIlmadan bes dakika önce, rahatsIz oldum.
'-dikten/dIktan ...' (besides, apart from doing, in addition to doing)	baska	In addition to learning this song, he can sing it well too.	O bu sarkIyI ögrendikten baska iyi de söyler.
'-madIktan ...' (besides, apart from doing, in addition to doing)	baska	Besides being unable to speak Turkish, you don't know English either!	Türkçe konusamadIktan baska, ingilizce de bilmezsin!
'-diginden ...' (besides the fact, apart from the fact, in addition to the fact)	baska	Apart from the fact that he doesn't pay the rent, he's a very nice tenant.	Ev kirasInI ödemediginden baska, aksine iyi de bir kiracI.
'-meden ...' (before)	evvel	Don't light the Christmas tree lights before I get there.	Ben gelmeden evvel Noel agacInIn IsIklarInI açmayInIz.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix -- In Certain 'Modern' Word and Phrase Interpretations Note: There is a thin line that determines whether an entry appears in this section or in the former section (Idiomatic 'post-position' Constructions). To help us make the determination, we used the word search feature of the Redhouse CD Dictionary. And when, for example, we performed a word search for the word 'elinden', we did find a specific dictionary listing for it -- so, you'll see 'elinden' in this section. On the other hand, when we performed a CD word search for 'düsünmeden' we came up empty -- there was no specific entry for it in the Redhouse Dictionary. But it's still an important example, so we included that word in the former section.
Modern word or phrase with 'den/dan'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'neden' (reason, cause)	ile	There's no battery! That's the reason (with that reason) the flashlight won't work.	Pil yok! Fener o neden ile (nedenle) calIsamaz.
'bakImIndan' (from the point of view of)	none	The house is in a beautiful spot, but it's no good from a traffic point of view.	Ev зok gьzel bir yerde, ama trafik bakImIndan iyi degil.
'dogrudan' (directly)	none	Go directly to 'GO'.	'GO'ya dogrudan gidin!
'elinden' (because of)	none	"I'm done for, sergeant, done for -- because of you!" (A line from a Turkish folksong.)	"YandIm çavus yandIm senin elinden!" Devrik Cümlesi? Yes!
'aniden' (suddenly)	none	Suddenly, the fat man exploded.	Aniden sisko adam patladI.
'durmadan' (without stopping)	none	He drank the whole glass of whisky without stopping.	Bütün viski bardagInI durmadan içti.
'cidden' (seriously)	none	Seriously, son. It's time you got a job.	Cidden, oglum. Bir is bulman lâzIm.
'dьnden' (eagerly, 'from yesterday')	none	He has eagerly wanted to marry her.	Onunla evlenmeye dünden razI idi.
'sIradan' (ordinary, middling, mediocre)	none	We watched a very ordinary film on TV last night.	Dün gece çok sIradan bir film seyrettik.
'kararlamadan' (by estimating roughly)	none	By estimating roughly, add a cup of sugar to the cake.	Keke kararlamadan bir fincan kadar seker ilave et.
'зekinmeden' (without hesitating)	none	Without hesitating, Gus jumped on his horse and rode off.	Gus, çekinmeden ata binip gitti.
'durup dinlenmeden' (without a break, continuosly)	none	They studied for 5 hours without a break.	Durup dinlenmeden bes saat [ders] çalIstIlar.
'bu yüzden' (for this reason, because of this, therefore)	none	For this reason, Johnson died.	Johnson, bu yьzden цldь.
'deminden' (just now, a moment ago)	beri	I told you to shut up a little while ago, but you're still talking.	Deminden beri sana sus diyorum, hâlâ konusuyorsun.
'gibilerden' (as if to say, along the lines of)	none	He winked as if he wanted to say, "Well done."	iyi ettin gibilerden göz kIrptI. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'gibilerden' (as if to say, along the lines of)	none	Write an article along the lines of, "The arms race should be stopped."	Silahlanma yarIsI durdurulmalIdIr gibilerden bir makale yazIn. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'yalandan' (pretending)	none	The swindler pretended to cry.	ÜçkâgItçI yalandan agladI. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'yalandan' (do something in a slipshod manner)	none	Just give the windows a quick swipe and let it go at that!	Yalandan pencereleri bir siliver gitsin! From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'çok geçmeden' (soon, before long)	none	I soon got used to (car) driving in Turkey. [whoop! whoop! hahahahahahahahahahaha!]	Ben зok geзmeden Tьrkiyede araba kullanmaya alIstIm.
'den' (tact) O.K. So, 'den' isn't a suffix here. It's an ordinary noun. But what kinda mail would we get -- should you run across it, and we hadn't mentioned it...? huuuhhh?	none	Caligula was a tactless fellow.	Caligula densiz bir adamdI.
'denden' (ditto marks) another mis-leading noun...	none	"On a printed form, a 'ditto' sign is used on the line below (instead of the word or word group from the preceding line) for providing an easy way to avoid repeated writing of the same word or word group."	"Bir çizelgede alt alta gelen aynI söz veya söz gruplarInIn birkaç kez yazIlmasInI önleyerek kolaylIk saglamak için birinci satIrIn altIndakiler yerine kulanIlan 'denden' isareti." From Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlük

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