PROTOKÓŁ Z PRZEBIEGU ĆWICZENIA
Nazwa i nr ćwiczenia |
Ćwiczenie nr 7 Pomiar e/k |
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Imię i nazwisko
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Data: 18.05.2005
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Prowadzący ćwiczenia
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TEMPERATURA: 20o C
Lp. |
Ic[10-6 A] dół |
Ic[10-6 A] góra |
UEB[V] |
Zakres Ic[10-6 A] |
||
1 |
0,5 |
1,0 |
1,0 |
1,0 |
0,45 |
75 |
2 |
1,5 |
1,5 |
1,5 |
1,5 |
0,47 |
75 |
3 |
3,0 |
3,0 |
3,0 |
3,5 |
0,49 |
75 |
4 |
7,5 |
7,0 |
7,5 |
7,5 |
0,51 |
75 |
5 |
17,0 |
16,5 |
16,0 |
16,0 |
0,53 |
75 |
6 |
32,5 |
34,0 |
33,0 |
33,0 |
0,55 |
75 |
7 |
72,0 |
71,0 |
72,0 |
71,0 |
0,57 |
150 |
8 |
157,0 |
165,0 |
160,0 |
157,0 |
0,59 |
300 |
9 |
350,0 |
360,0 |
355,0 |
370,0 |
0,61 |
750 |
10 |
760,0 |
760,0 |
760,0 |
760,0 |
0,63 |
1500 |
11 |
1750,0 |
1750,0 |
1750,0 |
1750,0 |
0,65 |
3000 |
TEMPERATURA: 30o C
Lp. |
Ic[10-6 A] dół |
Ic[10-6 A] góra |
UEB[V] |
Zakres Ic[10-6 A] |
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1 |
2,0 |
2,0 |
2,0 |
2,0 |
0,45 |
75 |
2 |
4,0 |
4,5 |
4,5 |
4,0 |
0,47 |
75 |
3 |
9,0 |
9,0 |
9,0 |
8,5 |
0,49 |
75 |
4 |
18,0 |
18,0 |
18,0 |
18,0 |
0,51 |
75 |
5 |
38,0 |
39,0 |
37,5 |
38,0 |
0,53 |
75 |
6 |
81,0 |
82,0 |
81,0 |
81,0 |
0,55 |
150 |
7 |
175,0 |
170,0 |
175,0 |
170,0 |
0,57 |
300 |
8 |
380,0 |
375,0 |
370,0 |
375,0 |
0,59 |
750 |
9 |
780,0 |
760,0 |
780,0 |
780,0 |
0,61 |
1500 |
10 |
1625,0 |
1625,0 |
1625,0 |
1625,0 |
0,63 |
3000 |
11 |
2350,0 |
2350,0 |
2350,0 |
2350,0 |
0,64 |
3000 |
TEMPERATURA: 40o C
Lp. |
Ic[10-6 A] dół |
Ic[10-6 A] góra |
UEB[V] |
Zakres Ic[10-6 A] |
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1 |
5,0 |
5,0 |
5,0 |
5,0 |
0,45 |
75 |
2 |
10,5 |
11,0 |
11,0 |
11,0 |
0,47 |
75 |
3 |
21,0 |
22,0 |
21,0 |
22,0 |
0,49 |
75 |
4 |
44,0 |
45,0 |
45,0 |
44,5 |
0,51 |
75 |
5 |
91,0 |
92,0 |
92,0 |
92,0 |
0,53 |
150 |
6 |
190,0 |
190,0 |
190,0 |
190,0 |
0,55 |
300 |
7 |
400,0 |
400,0 |
400,0 |
400,0 |
0,57 |
750 |
8 |
820,0 |
820,0 |
840,0 |
830,0 |
0,59 |
1500 |
9 |
1700,0 |
1670,0 |
1700,0 |
1700,0 |
0,61 |
3000 |
10 |
2450,0 |
2450,0 |
2450,0 |
2450,0 |
0,62 |
3000 |
11 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0,65 |
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TEMPERATURA: 50o C
Lp. |
Ic[10-6 A] dół |
Ic[10-6 A] góra |
UEB[V] |
Zakres Ic[10-6 A] |
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1 |
11,5 |
12,5 |
12,5 |
13,0 |
0,45 |
75 |
2 |
24,0 |
25,0 |
25,0 |
25,0 |
0,47 |
75 |
3 |
49,0 |
50,5 |
50,5 |
50,5 |
0,49 |
75 |
4 |
98,0 |
100,0 |
99,0 |
100,0 |
0,51 |
150 |
5 |
200,0 |
205,0 |
205,0 |
205,0 |
0,53 |
300 |
6 |
410,0 |
420,0 |
420,0 |
420,0 |
0,55 |
750 |
7 |
840,0 |
850,0 |
850,0 |
850,0 |
0,57 |
1500 |
8 |
1700,0 |
1700,0 |
1700,0 |
1700,0 |
0,59 |
3000 |
9 |
2400,0 |
2400,0 |
2400,0 |
2400,0 |
0,60 |
3000 |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0,63 |
- |
11 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0,65 |
- |
Lp. |
Icśr [10-6 A] T=293,15 K |
Icśr [10-6 A] T=303,15 K |
Icśr [10-6 A] T=313,15 K |
Icśr [10-6 A] T=323,15 K |
1 |
0,875 |
2,000 |
5,0 |
12,375 |
2 |
1,500 |
4,250 |
10,875 |
24,750 |
3 |
3,125 |
8,875 |
21,500 |
50,125 |
4 |
7,375 |
18,000 |
44,625 |
99,250 |
5 |
16,375 |
38,125 |
91,750 |
203,750 |
6 |
33,000 |
81,250 |
190,000 |
417,500 |
7 |
71,500 |
172,500 |
400,000 |
847,500 |
8 |
159,750 |
375,000 |
827,500 |
1700,000 |
9 |
358,750 |
775,000 |
1692,500 |
2400,000 |
10 |
760,000 |
1625,000 |
2450,000 |
- |
11 |
1750,000 |
2350,000 |
- |
- |
NIEPEWNOŚCI POMIAROWE:
Napięcie emiter - baza określa najmniejsza podziałka przyrządu: delta UEB = 0,001 V
Natężenia prądu kolektora na podstawie wzoru: delta Ic = klasa* zakres/100
Temperatury określa najmniejsza podziałka przyrządu: delta T = 1o C = 274,15 K
Lp. |
Delta Ic [10-6 A] T=293,15 K |
Delta Ic [10-6A] T=303,15 K |
Delta Ic [10-6A] T=313,15 K |
Delta Ic [10-6 A] T=323,15 K |
1 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
2 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
3 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
4 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,750 |
5 |
0,375 |
0,375 |
0,750 |
1,500 |
6 |
0,375 |
0,750 |
1,500 |
3,750 |
7 |
0,750 |
1,500 |
3,750 |
7,500 |
8 |
1,500 |
3,750 |
7,500 |
15,000 |
9 |
3,750 |
7,500 |
15,000 |
15,000 |
10 |
7,500 |
15,000 |
15,000 |
- |
11 |
15,000 |
15,000 |
- |
- |
OPRACOWANIE WYNIKÓW POMIARÓW:
Korzystając z zależności Ic = Io exp (eUEB / kT) wykonuję dla wszystkich temperatur wykresy: ln Ic = f (UEB /T). Stosuję metodę regresji liniowej i obliczam niepewność pomiarową.
(1) ln Ic = f (UEB /T) = e / k (UEB / T) + ln Io
podstawiając: y = ln Ic , x = UEB / T , a = e / k , b = ln Io
otrzymuję równanie liniowe:
(2) y = a x + b, gdzie e / k = tg alfa
Stosując metodę regresji liniowej wyznaczam współczynniki a i b:
(3)
(4)
oraz ich odchylenia standardowe dla każdej temperatury:
(4)
(5)
Dla T = 293,15 K
i |
UEB[V] |
Ic [10-6 A] |
xi = UEB/T [10 -4 V/K] |
yi = ln Ic [-] |
xi2 [10-4] |
yi2 |
xi yi [10-4] |
di = (yi - a xi - b)2 [10-4] |
1 |
0,45 |
0,875 |
15,35 |
-0,13353 |
0,0236 |
0,01783 |
-2,050 |
0,9636 |
2 |
0,47 |
1,500 |
16,03 |
0,40547 |
0,0257 |
0,16440 |
6,500 |
368,3873 |
3 |
0,49 |
3,125 |
16,72 |
1,13943 |
0,0280 |
1,29831 |
19,05 |
439,3974 |
4 |
0,51 |
7,375 |
17,39 |
1,99810 |
0,0320 |
3,99239 |
34,75 |
65,2995 |
5 |
0,53 |
16,375 |
18,08 |
2,79576 |
0,0327 |
7,81625 |
50,55 |
12,1028 |
6 |
0,55 |
33,000 |
18,76 |
3,49651 |
0,0352 |
12,22557 |
65,60 |
55,9349 |
7 |
0,57 |
71,500 |
19,44 |
4,26970 |
0,0378 |
18,23032 |
83,00 |
17,9353 |
8 |
0,59 |
159,750 |
20,13 |
5,07361 |
0,0405 |
25,74152 |
102,13 |
0,9833 |
9 |
0,61 |
358,750 |
20,81 |
5,88263 |
0,0433 |
34,60529 |
122,42 |
61,1230 |
10 |
0,63 |
760,000 |
21,49 |
6,63332 |
0,0462 |
44,00091 |
142,55 |
77,6599 |
11 |
0,65 |
1750,000 |
22,17 |
7,46737 |
0,0492 |
55,76163 |
165,55 |
329,9148 |
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6,05 |
3162,25 |
206,37 |
39,29543 |
0,392 |
203,8544 |
794,15 |
1428,94 |
Dla T = 303,15 K
i |
UEB[V] |
Ic [10-6 A] |
xi = UEB/T [10 -4 V/K] |
yi = ln Ic [-] |
xi2 [10-4] |
yi2 |
xi yi [10-4] |
di = (yi - a xi - b)2 [10-4] |
1 |
0,45 |
2,000 |
14,84 |
0,69315 |
0,0220 |
0,48045 |
10,29 |
33,4885 |
2 |
0,47 |
4,250 |
15,50 |
1,44692 |
0,0240 |
2,09358 |
22,43 |
32,7424 |
3 |
0,49 |
8,875 |
16,16 |
2,18324 |
0,0261 |
4,76653 |
35,28 |
15,3059 |
4 |
0,51 |
18,000 |
16,82 |
2,89037 |
0,0283 |
8,65425 |
48,62 |
0,6668 |
5 |
0,53 |
38,125 |
17,48 |
3,64087 |
0,0306 |
13,25594 |
63,64 |
1,4602 |
6 |
0,55 |
81,250 |
18,14 |
4,39753 |
0,0329 |
19,33828 |
79,77 |
0,9687 |
7 |
0,57 |
172,500 |
18,80 |
5,15097 |
0,0353 |
26,52659 |
96,84 |
1,1708 |
8 |
0,59 |
375,000 |
19,46 |
5,92693 |
0,0379 |
35,12845 |
115,34 |
1,1495 |
9 |
0,61 |
775,000 |
20,12 |
6,65286 |
0,0405 |
44,26059 |
133,86 |
3,1566 |
10 |
0,63 |
1625,000 |
20,78 |
7,39326 |
0,0432 |
54,66034 |
153,63 |
10,1030 |
11 |
0,64 |
2350,000 |
21,11 |
7,76217 |
0,0446 |
60,25129 |
163,86 |
16,0676 |
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6,04 |
5450 |
199,24 |
48,13827 |
0,3654 |
269,1163 |
923,56 |
116,28 |
Dla T = 313,15 K
i |
UEB[V] |
Ic [10-6 A] |
xi = UEB/T [10 -4 V/K] |
yi = ln Ic [-] |
xi2 [10-4] |
yi2 |
xi yi [10-4] |
di = (yi - a xi - b)2 [10-4] |
1 |
0,45 |
5,0 |
14,37 |
1,60944 |
0,0207 |
2,59029 |
23,13 |
0,216083 |
2 |
0,47 |
10,875 |
15,01 |
2,38647 |
0,0223 |
5,69522 |
35,82 |
0,164860 |
3 |
0,49 |
21,500 |
15,65 |
3,06805 |
0,0245 |
9,41295 |
48,02 |
0,063384 |
4 |
0,51 |
44,625 |
16,29 |
3,79829 |
0,0265 |
14,42704 |
61,87 |
0,021361 |
5 |
0,53 |
91,750 |
16,93 |
4,51907 |
0,0287 |
20,42197 |
76,51 |
0,000966 |
6 |
0,55 |
190,000 |
17,56 |
5,24702 |
0,0308 |
27,53126 |
92,14 |
0,004064 |
7 |
0,57 |
400,000 |
18,20 |
5,99147 |
0,0331 |
35,89765 |
109,05 |
0,024071 |
8 |
0,59 |
827,500 |
18,84 |
6,71841 |
0,0355 |
45,13702 |
129,58 |
0,069726 |
9 |
0,61 |
1692,500 |
19,48 |
7,43396 |
0,0380 |
55,26379 |
144,81 |
0,147728 |
10 |
0,62 |
2450,000 |
19,80 |
7,90384 |
0,0392 |
60,89997 |
154,52 |
0,186968 |
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5,39 |
5733,75 |
172,13 |
48,57602 |
0,2993 |
277,1537 |
875,45 |
0,899211 |
Dla T = 323,15 K
i |
UEB[V] |
Ic [10-6 A] |
xi = UEB/T [10 -4 V/K] |
yi = ln Ic [-] |
xi2 [10-4] |
yi2 |
xi yi [10-4] |
di = (yi - a xi - b)2 [10-4] |
1 |
0,45 |
12,375 |
13,93 |
2,51568 |
0,0194 |
6,32864 |
35,04 |
0,002323 |
2 |
0,47 |
24,750 |
14,54 |
3,20883 |
0,0211 |
10,29656 |
44,66 |
0,001323 |
3 |
0,49 |
50,125 |
15,16 |
3,91452 |
0,0230 |
15,32347 |
59,34 |
0,000651 |
4 |
0,51 |
99,250 |
15,78 |
4,59764 |
0,0249 |
21,13831 |
72,55 |
0,000062 |
5 |
0,53 |
203,750 |
16,40 |
5,31689 |
0,0269 |
28,26936 |
87,20 |
0,000027 |
6 |
0,55 |
417,500 |
17,02 |
6,03429 |
0,0290 |
36,41259 |
102,70 |
0,000019 |
7 |
0,57 |
847,500 |
17,64 |
6,74229 |
0,0311 |
45,45849 |
118,93 |
0,000165 |
8 |
0,59 |
1700,000 |
18,26 |
7,43838 |
0,0333 |
55,32955 |
135,83 |
0,001108 |
9 |
0,60 |
2400,000 |
18,57 |
7,78322 |
0,0345 |
60,57858 |
144,58 |
0,002182 |
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4,76 |
5755,25 |
147,30 |
47,55174 |
0,2432 |
279,1355 |
802,79 |
0,00786 |