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V.—ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSION S.

I. Adjectivks of Three Terminations.—These are de-clined in the Masculine and Neutcr like Snbstantive8 of the Second Declension, in the Feminine like Substantives of the First Declension.

If the -oę of the Nom. Masc. Sing. is preceded by a vowel or p, the Nom. Fem. Sing. ends in a; otherwise in tj.

Adjective8 in -eos, however, as hen not contracting, make -otj in the feminine, os SySoos, -6t), -oov, eighth, escept when o is preccdcd by p, as &0p6os, -6a, -6op, croteded.

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Masc.	Fem.	Neut
Stem. Enolish. Sing.	a-ya.6o good.	ayaOa	d-yaBo	frimdly.		4>iXio
Nom.	ayaOós ayaOf	ay a6r/	aya0óv	c^iAioę	<f>iXta	<f>l\iov
Voc.		ayaOrj	aya06v		tpiAia	<fiiAiov
Acc.	dya$óv aya6ov ayaOói	ttya&Tjy ayaOrjs aya&rj	ayaOov	if>tXiov	4>i\lav
Gen.			aya6ov			<j) lAiou
Dat.			ayaOtą	<fnAj»a	<fi <A(a	(f)l\up
Dual.
n.v.a.	S.yaOa> ayaOow	ayaOa ayaOaiy	ayaOói aya6oiv		«f>iXtd <f)t\taiv	<fn\io>
G.Di				<f>l\lOLV		<fn\ioiv

Plur.

N.r.

Acc.

Gen.

Dat.

ayadol ayaOal ayaOoós ayaOós ayaOu>v ayaOiov ayaOols ayaOais

ayaOa

aya&a

Aya6C)v

ayadois

<ł>L\(OVS rfitAids

<t> iXio)V    <f>i\iu>v

t/)i.A.iotę    <f» lAtats

<f)L\l&.

10.    Adjectives agree with their substantives in gender, nnmber, and case.

11.    The attributive adjective is placed between the article and substantive: as 6 ayaOoę ira-njp, the good father; the predicative adjective is placed outside the article and 8ubstantive, and is itself used without an article: as ó irari)p aya06<: i<rriv, the father is good ; KOpos ty dp«rro<; vav-to)v, Cyrus was the hest of all.

12. In English an adjective, without being the actual predicate, is often used with a strongly predicative force. When we say ⁴ the harbour has a narrow entrance,' all the atress is on ‘ narrow ¹; it is as much predicative as though we said ‘ the entrance which the harbour has is narrow.’ In Greek the predicative force is brought out by using the definite article with ‘entrance’ and placing ‘narrow’ in the predicative position outside the article and substan-tive, as thus: ó \ip.7)v rov eunrAow <rrevbv «x^CŁ» ^ harbour has the entrance narrow. Similarly ‘the ass has long ears,’ becomes 6 oi/oę to. a>ra p/iKpd ex^£l> lit. the ass has the ears long¹ There is the same construction in French, e.g. il a les mains blanches, for he has white hands.

Exercise YII.

A. —1. tójv cro<f>tov Mowćii'. 2. tj} Ka\j} vqarto. 3. & tfnhie ttoAIto. 4. ra KaXa póSa. 5. ttjv eheodśpay inj<rov.

1. Of the just queen. 2. For the faithful allies. 3. To the wise brother. 4. The strong horses (subject). 5. O beautiful land.

B. —1. Ta t!ov dci)v Stopa. itmv ayaOa. 2. oi ttuttoi SoiAoi

tous \ya~ras ou tf>of3ovvTax. 3. ol ttoKLtol KaXrjv fyowri Tgv X<ópav. 4. 17 KaXr/ [Sacru\.cLa v7ro rob ttoltjtov &toxvŚCtoi. 5. ol SCkoiol KpLTal tous 7tAou(Tłous 7roXtTas KoXa£ovcriv. 6. 6 0avaros rotę tc Ka/cotę aydpdmois Kai rotę dyadols /cotvoę «m.    7. ol

vavftu Qavp£%pv<n ras /caAas Fłjcrouę. 8. 17 dyadg fiacrikua. rto <f>tXocród)(o <jiiXća €o-tłv. 9. ai p-aKpal 0801 rotę or-paruóraK Xvirqpai eunv. 10. ot wreroi yaav Icr^ypoi.

I.    The cowardly soldiers are punished by the generał. 2. The Muses are friendly to the wise poet. 3. The master has faithful slaves. 4. The beautiful trees are praised by the husbandmen. 5. The allies are faithful to the queen. 6. Yirtue is praiBed by the philosopher with wise words. 7. Gold is given by the pupils to the sophist. 8. The words of the judge are just. 9. The strong soldiers love war. 10. Disease is painful to men.

II.    Adjectives of Two Terminations.—Adjectives com-pounded of morę than one word, as iro\v\oyos, talkatwe

not a strongly predicatiye force, and the Greek translation will follow the -form of the English sentence: as i irous y.e\aw. kwbl ' dyaflas iKirlSas tlpriwr]! tx°^v~

(TIV.

1

The aboye construction is only to be used when it is quite elear that the English adjectiye has a strongly predicatiye force. In such sentences as ‘ the boy has a black dog,’ ¹ they łiaye good hopes of peace,’ the adjectiye has