24

24




wzrost mocy kwasu


Table 17.3 • Ionization Constants for Sonie Acids and Their Conjugate Bases

Acld Name

Acid

Km

Base

*b

Base Name

Perchloric acid

HC10<

large

CłO*"

very smali

perchlccate ion

Sulhjrlc add

H:SO<

large

HSOt

very smali

hydrogen sulfate ion

Hydrochloric add

HCl

large

Cl

wiy smali

chloride ion

Nitric acid

hnd3

large

N03 ■

wry smali

nitrate ion

Hydrom urn ion

Ha(T

1.0

H.,0

1.0 X 10 14

water

Sulfurous add

H.SOj

1.2 X 10 2

HSOj

8.3 X 10 n

hydrogen sulfite ion

Hydrogen sulfate ion

HSO*

1.2 X 10 2

so*2-

8.3 X 10 11

sulfate ion

Phosphoric acid

HiPO*

7.5 X 10 3

H;P0*

1.3 X 10 17

dihydrogen phosphate ion

Hexaaquairon<M) ion

Fe(H:0)43'

6.3 X 10 3

Fe(HiO)tJOH2

1.6 X 10 17

pentaaquahydrcwoiron(III) ion

Hydrofluoric acid

HF

7.2 X 10 *

F~

1.4 X 10 11

fluoride ion

Nitrous add

HMD;

4.5 X 10 4

NO;"

2.2 X 10 11

nitrite ion

Famie acid

HC02H

1.8 X 10 4

HC02

5.6 X 10 11

formate ion

Benzoic acid

C*Hr,C02H

6.5 X 10 5

c*h5co2

1.6 X 10 10

benzoate ion

Acetic acid

CH1CO2H

1.8 X 10 5

CHiCOj

5.6 X 10 10

acetate ion

j Propanoic acid

CHjCHiCOzH

1.5 X 10 5

CHiCHiCOj ‘

7.7 X 10 10

propanoate ion

Hexaaquaaluminum ion

7.9 X 10 4

Al^KOH2'

1.3 X 10 9

pentaaquahydrcwoaluminum ion

—

CT>

r

jS Catbonie acid

h2cch

4.2 X 10 7

HCO3

2.4 X 10 8

hydrogen carbonate ion

•T

-S

u Hexaaquacopper(II) ion

Cu(H20)62,

1.6 X 10 7

Cu(H2OKOH

6.25 X 10 8

pentaaquahydroxocopper(II) ion

O*

< Hydrogen sulfide

h2s

1 X 10"7

HS-

1 X 10‘7

hydrogen sulfide icn

<2

| Dihydrogen phosphate icn

6.2 X 10 8

HPOu7

1.6 X 10 7

hydrogen phosphate ion

rj<

•C

Hydrogen sulfite ion

HSO}“

6.2 X 10 8

SOb2'

1.6 X 10 7

sulfite ion

i

w.

Hypochlorous add

HCIO

3.5 X 10 8

CK)

2.9 X 10 7

hypochlorite ion

0

c

M

Hexaaqualead<II) ion

Pb(H20)i‘

1.5 X 10 8

Pb(H20)rj0H

6.7 X 10 7

pentaaquahydroxolead(JI) ion

Hexaaquacobalt(II) ion

Co(H20)fc2t

1.5 X 10 9

Co(H20)t0H

7.7 X 10 4

perrtaaqu3hydroxocobatt(II) ion

Boric acid

B(0H)3(H20)

7.5 X 10 10

B(OH)r

1.4 X 10 4

tetrahydrewoborate ion

Ammonium ion

NH*ł

5.6 X 10 10

NHj

1.8 X 10 Ł

ammonia

Hydrocyanic acid

HCN

4.0 X 10 10

CH-

2.5 X 10 1

cyanide icn

Hexaaquairon<II) ion

tyHiO)**'

3.2 X 10 10

Fe(H20)rOH

3.1 X 10 1

pentaaquahydroxoiron(ll) ion

Hydrogen carbonate ion

HCOj

4.8 X 10 11

co32-

2.1 X 10 4

carbonate ion

Hexaaquanickel(II) icn

Ni(H,0)fc2"

2.5 X 10 11

Ni(H20)ŁOH

4.0 X 10 4

pentaaquahydroxonickel/II) ion

Hydrogen phosphate ion

HPO*2-

3.6 X 10 11

P043-

2.8 X 10 2

phosphate ion

Water

HjO

1.0 X 10 W

OH

1.0

hydroride ion

Hydrogen sulfide ion*

HS

1 X 10 19

s2-

1 X 10l

sulfide ion

Ethanol

C2Hr,OH

v«ry smali

C,H,0

larg?

ethewide ion

Ammonia

NHS

very smali

NH2-

larg?

amide ion

Hydrogen

H;

very smali

H

larg?

hydr id? ion

*lhe k-jlun cł K, fot 15 and K,, fot S7 łte eitinuln.



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