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_ Percentile: A point (a grade or score) in a distribution below which falls the percent' of cases indićated by the given seore.

Percentile Rank or Score: A riumber.indi-cating the percent of individuals who re-ceived grades below a given sćore; e.g., a percentile score of 40 means 40% of the students received lower scores.

Performance: The discriminatory power of an item on a test. •

Performance Objectiyę: The degre.e of learning'of a discrete-item or integrated skill that a student is expected to ąęhieve under certain weli-defined, clearly speci^: fied conditions. '

Placement Tests: Achievement or profi-tiency tests used to place students iń a

Rank Score: The number of the posiHbfT of a score on a distribution in which all students are ranked from high to Iow. Raw Score: The score obtained by tallying ail the correct responses on a test. Reliability: (1) The accuracy with which a test or test item measures consistently what it is supposed to measure. (2) The consistency of a measure upon repeated administrations (within a brief interval) to the same group of students.

Scorability: The ease or difficulty of grad-ing tests.

Score: (1) noun The numerical grade or mark received by an individual on a test or ori part of ą test based on the number of correct responses. (2) verb To give or re-ceive such a grade.

Scorer Reliability: The consistency with

T-Test: A stątistical procedurę used to c termine whether there is any signific; difference between the means of two s of scores or between two coefficients correlation.

Validity: The degree to which a test tually measures .what it is designed measure.

Washback: The effect an examination 1 on what and how students choose study and on teaching procedures.

These definitions; are adapted fr Mary Finocchiaro and Sydney Sako, J eign Language testing (New York: Regei 1983); Andrew D. Cohen, Testing I guage Ability in the Classroom (Row! Mass.: Newbury Houśe, 1980); and ot sources.

4. If you test vocabulary, what techniques do you use ? Tick the one you use.

a)    picture-cued activities -give. students a picture and ask them to identify what (e.g.

anobject) is in the picture.....................................

b)    "odd word out" - e.g.(Jatmdry) brandy whisky lemonade.....................

^/    '    w \    ^

c)    synonyms and aritonyms - e.g. big - /sWl , beautiful- ClkObUn- ,.............

d)    expanding vocabulary list - e.g. black, yellow, green ^ed-t    ' ..............

e)    translation of single words - e.g. kot - • cu CAr ,    .................; -

f) rearranging the' letters in the words - e.g. odg.- dOO- - .............,

g)    (completing) definitions - e.g -.a person who cuts peóple's hainfdwóntc&Fy............

h)    clóze.test - students are given ą tert.with some blanks and are to fili in the blanks

with suitable words'-.,....,......'...;.........' - .•____

i)    completing sentences with one. suitable'word- e.g; Excuse me, couid you tell me

the .W«uj .. to the theatre.? ........................... ' •    ^:

j) . multiple choice - e.g.. I can't sle&p at night because I suffer from .........................

a) cigarettes b) alcóhol c) ti'anquilU$&'sW) insomnia ..... ............

k)    correct/incorrect.- e.g .Mary hąs been lonely q/;t/(miserabl^contehied sińce her

catified. .................

5;. -If you test grammar, what techniques do. you use? Put a tick against the one you use. .    - .    ^:    .    .'

a)    sentences translation - .....i....,-.......:..    ‘

b) .pąraphrasing - e.g. Their garden is so beautiful. They-have .-sucWo.. teO. uidid    ,

c.) completion - e.g. He works -SrytoWi / a. m. -"(tO    3 p. m.. ..................■...........

d)    combination - e.g. Luisa is myfriend.. She comes from Gdańsk.    1 \Af>    LtOW

• .............................................................■

e)    addition- e.g? Pvefmished breakfast -just - 5've- \_JU-S,V    .

.A    o

f) rearrangement - e.g. she/good/at/is/English - SIWa. c£s ppco ai:

g)    correct/incorrect - e.g: whatffo you~do7are you doins ęveiy morning,....................

h)    multiple choice - e.g. she wakes up......8 a.m. a) on(bjjat c) in d) about.............

i-) -correcting mistakes - e.g. He know me qiiite well. he-    u6ll,

j)    cloze test - students are given a passage with some words (conceming grammar)

irussing which they are to supply...............................

k)    transformator. - e.g. She answered the phone. Who    ?