metodyka
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The Audio-Iingual method:

The main characteristics of the method:

lf/New materiał is presented irGdtaiogue form.    i

2.    There is dependence on mimicry (imitation), memorization set phrases and over leaming (newly acquired skills should be practiced well beyond the point of initial mastery) - language learning is a habit formation.

3.    Structures are sequenced and taught once at a time.

4.    Structurał patterns are taught using repetitive drills.

5.    There is little or no grammatical explanation: grammar is taught by inductive analogy( teacher ełicits the answer from łeamers on the basis of examples),

rather than deductive explanation(teacher gives explanation himself/herself and invites students to produce examples).

6.    Vocabulary is strictly limited and łeamed in context.

7.    Skills are sequenced - listen, speak, read, write (this method emphasizes the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing)

There is an extended pre-reading period at the beginning of the course.

9.    Great importance is attached to pronunciation, with special attention being paid to intonation.

10.    There is a great effort to prevent student errors. - ztrert ud    c^rc-^a.

11.    There is much use of tapes, language labs and visual aids.

12.    The cultural background of the target language is stressed.

13.    Some use of the mother tongue by teachers is permitted.

14.    Successful responses are immediately cncotiragedr-

To sum up:

-    lessons in the classroom focus on the correct imitation of the teacher by the students

-    the students are expected to produce the correct output

-    attention is also paid to correct pronunciation

-    the target language is the only language to be used in the classroom

-    although correct grammar is expected in usage, no elear grammatical instruction is given

The Audio-Iingual method is a method of foreign or second language teaching that:

a)    emphasizes the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing

b)    uses dialogues and drills

c)    discourages use of contrastive analysis (is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structurał differences and similarities).

The Audio-Iingual method was prominent in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the United States, and has been widely used in many other parts of the world. The theory behind the Audio-Iingual method is the aura! - orał approach to language teaching, which contains the following beliefs about language and language learning:

•    speaking and listening are the most basie language skills

•    each language has its own unique structure and rule system

•    a language is learned through forming habits

These ideas were based partly on the theory of structurał linguistics and partly on behaviorism.