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Place of articulation

bilabial: both lips are The main articulators /p,b,m/

the two lips are primary articulators like mama, papa, baba

labiodental: lower lip art. with the upper teeth /f,v/

dental: the tongue tip and rims art. with the upper teeth (think, then)

alveoral: the tip/blade of tongue art. with the alvoral ridge /t,d.l,n,s,z/

post-alveoral: the tip and rims art. with thr rear part of the alveoral ridge,

(r beginning red) tip and rims of the tongueart. with rear part of alveoral ridge

retroflex: tip is curled back to art. with the part of

hard palate immediately behind the alvoral ridge

palato-alveoral: the blade/tip and balde art.

with the alveoral ridge and a rising occurs

of the front of the tongue towards the hard palate (ship, measure, edge)

palatal: front of the tongue art. wth the hard palate /]/

velar: back of the tongue art. with sof palate /k,g/

uvular: back of the tongue art. with the uvula

glottal: an obstruction/narrowing causing friction

but no vibration betwean the vocal folds /h/

place of primary articulation: is that of the greates structure,

that which gives rise to the greates obstruction to the airflow

secondary art.: exhibits a structure of lesser rank

double art.: tow coextensive structures of equal rank

Articulation-diffrent parts of vocal track, the Study of them is called articulator phonetics.

Pharynx-a tubę that begins just above the larynx Its top end is devided into 2 : the back of mounth And the nasal cavity

Velum(soft palate)-this articulato can be touched By a tongue, it allows air to pass through the Mounth cavity(raised velum) or the nasal cavity (lowered velum) // k,g hard palate-is called the root of the mounth alveolar ridge-situated between the top front teeth and hard palate. Rough surface covered with little ridges// t,d

the tongue-one ofthe most important articulators allows to produce sounds by moving faking diffr.

Shapes, its devided into:tip,blade,front,back,root Teeth-(upper and lower) situated behind the lips,

By contacting with tongue teeth allow us to Produce a wide rangę of sounds, these sounds Are called dental.

Lips-very important articulator, by changing shapes They allow to produce many sounds e.g lips pressed Together: p,b // lips contact with teeth f,v Nasal cavity- produce sounds like: m,n

Stages of vocal folds:

a)    wide apart-the vocal folds are opened for normal breathing and usualy during voiceless consonants p,f

b)    narrow glottis-if air passed through the glottis when its narrowed the result is a fricative sound. The sound is not very different from a whispered vowel its called voiceless glottal fricative

c) position for vocal folds vibration-when the edges of