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This typical ‘Norman ’ helmet is actually from Olmiitz in Moravia though probably contemporary in datę. Ofone-piece construction ithas a slight medial ridge and an

integra! nasal. The rivet holes round the lower edge would have secured an interna! lining. (Hofjagd-und Riistkammer, Yienna)

This segmented helmet is variousIy reported as found in northern France and in the River Thames. The nasal is a restoration. Many such helmets shown in the Bayeux Tapestry

suggest tha t the nasal was usually attached to a brow-band, the segment joints being at front, sides and back. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

1053    Battle of Civitate. Apulian Normans defeat Papai army.

1054    Battle of Mortemer. Normans defeat invading forces of Henry I of France and Geoffrey of Anjou.

1057 Battle of Varaville. Normans destroy rearguard of invading forces of King Henry and Geoffrey of Anjou.

1060 Norman conąuest of Sicily begins.

1066 28 Sept. Duke William invades England.

1066 14 Oct. Battle of Hastings. King Harold of England defeated by Duke William.

1066 25 Dec. William is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

1070    Finał major revolts in England put down.

1071    Capture of Bari in Southern Italy by the Normans.

1072    Capture of Palermo in Sicily by the Normans.

1079 William defeated at Gerberoi by his son, Robert.

1081 Battle of Durazzo. Italo-Norman army of Robert Guiscard and son, Bohemond of Tar-anto, defeats Byzantine army.

1087 9 Sept. Death of King William E William Rufus succeeds as William IE Robert becomes Duke of Normandy.

1091 Norman conąuest of Sicily completed.

1097    Battle of Dorylaeum. Forces of ist Crusade, including Italo-Normans of Bohemond, hard pressed until 2nd column surprises and defeats Turks.

1098    Bohemond captures Antioch

1100 Bohemond becomes Prince of Antioch.

William II killed in New Forest. Younger brother Henry becomes King of England.

1106 Battle of Tinchebrai. Henry I defeats and

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