SCAN0151

214 Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System

Parotoid lymph node

FIGURĘ 11-13

Lymphatic drainage of the ocular adnexa.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

No lymphatic vessels occur in the globe proper; lymphatics are found in the conjunctiva and the eyelids. The lymphatics that drain the medial aspects of the lids and the medial canthal structures (including the lacrimal sac) empty into the submandibular lymph nodes. Those that drain the lateral eyelids and the lacrimal gland empty into the parotid lymph nodes in the preauricular area^8,30 (Figurę 11-13).

EFFECT OF AGING ON OCULAR CIRCULATION

The density and diameter of the choriocapillaris decrease with age. Because there is a coincident decrease in retinal cells, this decrease in blood flow may be a response to decreased metabolic need.^33,34

REFERENCES

1.    Nuza AB, Taner D: Anatomical variations of the intracavemoo branches of the internal carotid artery with reference to tb relationship of the internal carotid artery and sixth cranial nerw Acta Anat (Basel) 138(3):238, 1990.

2.    Hayreh SS, Dass R: The ophthalmic artery. I. Origin and inin cranial and intra-canalicular course, Br J Ophthalmol 46:65. 1961

3.    Liu XJ: Pathological changes of the optic nerve from compres;:: by the internal carotid artery, Chung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Cfc 26(6):364, 1990 (abstract).

4.    Hayreh SS: The ophthalmic artery. II. Intraorbital course. Br Ophthalmol 46:165, 1962.

5.    Koorneef L: Orbital connective tissue. In Jakobiec FA, editor Goi anatomy, embryology, and teratology, Philadelphia, 1982, Harc-:' Row, p 835.

6.    Hayreh SS: The ophthalmic artery. III. Branches, Br J Ophthjh■ 46:212, 1962.

7.    Warwick R: Eugene Wolff¹'s anatomy of the eye and orbit ed Philadelphia, 1976, Saunders, pp 92, 146, 406.

8.    Doxanas MT, Anderson RL: Clinical orbital anatomy, Baldrr.:: 1984, Williams & Wilkins, p 153.