48992 P1190380

wgs widcly undcrstood region of Kuynvio. Moreoscr. a c jpplace inbothcases(Fig. I),(Węgrzynówkz IW lre> Hi Along loflhc t\Vo directions, the Wejhercwo-Krotoszy n culture anso and along the Bcll-shapod Buriuls culture.

* nexi łjuosiion is to nssess that expansion on the background of >upra-tnide-communication connections, which to a stgnilicant degree were ce-jcnlly determined. The inountuin chains mentioned by Cacsar (Strzelczyk fł(M 2051 and Tncit (Gerimtia, 42 43) mado a elear dilłieulty in the amin Burłiariaun. Rivers, ho\vever, sened as eomenient routes, wh.it nuy be by common usage of boats in fighting in the province of Gcnna ma H ihc of the era (Dro/ikm ski 1W7). Assuming that this Information refleeb abo the BWona gOYcming Polish lands, one should suspcct that the mountain chains of Sideto and Carpathians madę an effective hindrance in fiee population cycle. Khlanl impulses thcrefbre spread over specilic routes determined by passo or wwlround the mountams. The first important routc went front the Moranan Gale ^■ftirther through the passes of the Klod/ko Basiu (W ielowiejski 1980 !0» 114. B^-128). Another possible way of cominunication with South through the lands ^rSaxony and Thunngiu. Further to the north, towiuds the Yistula moutli. the routc along the vallcys of rivers. That cominunication network bears the itame of the Mr Routc. Gencrally speaking. ii w as the shortest and the straightest way eon-ing north and South, howecer, the routc changcd, dependmg on the politicnl rtion and it should be treated rather as a generał dircction of connections The cultural impulses spread as well by the Black Sea Routc (Donuuski £999: 181), which joincd the south of Scandinawa w ith the northem coast of the plaek Sea. That routc ran north from the Carpathian Mounums along the rivera of Wistula, San and Bug. as well as the rivers of Dniester, Prut and Boh Other way> are certa inly possible (Domańsk i 1999:179-181). howtv er. the geographieal eon-ditions gencrally determined this dircction. The mule hnd also a conneetion with Ihc nrea of Carpathian Bnsin through the passes named Tatarska and Uiocka In J Rcncral. the troił went along the NW SE linc.

Only just in the lute stage of Ponteraman culture developmeuł is the tradc csploitation of those routes elcarly cisible. Along the Amber Routc. m the |'eriod of lluD3 in the nrea of Silesia, lirem Roland and Pomerania, a fashiou was spread of using frhulac, which peoplc starlcd weanug instead ot pins I licie oecuirencc is a sign of contncts w ith ihc cmironnicnt of the w est-llallstatt culture (Woiuwk 1995:201). It should be cmphasi/ed herc. that thesc were mu impulses front Bo-hemiu and Moraua, w herc sueh ty pc offbrms is scarce, llow et er. we ntay recog-mze the mediating rolo of Thunngia (Wożniak I99J:202) where. dunng the I TA period (Fig 2), the fibulac appear on the same area, which iiuheatcs coutinuation of the earlicr connections. In I IB. in the western wneofPomenutian culture lihu-lae do not occur. This is probably causwl by e\pansion of the Jasiurf cullurc into the area of I usatiu. as well as La l eno culture iiilo the area of Bohemia, \lorav ia and Silesia, which intcmiptcd the uscd routes