76009 shoes&pattens3

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Appendix 1

referred to Vince (1985). Further information about the sites themselves is available in the DUA Archive Catalogue (Museum of London, 1986) or in the separate publications as listed. The site codę, appended in parentheses after the fuli name of each site, is used in the List of Figur es and Concordance (pp. 126-30).

1-6 Old Bailey/42-6 Ludgate Hill, EC4, 1982 (LH 74/LUD 82; Fig. 165.1)

Several sections were cut across the City ditch at Ludgate, showing it to have been recut several times in the late Saxon and medieval periods. The 26 registered shoes, together with a very large number of other fmds, were all found in the latest of the ditches, which had apparently been levelled with rubbish in a single operation - certainly by 1340, when a row of houses was built on top, and possibly as early as c. 1302-10, if a coin of this datę was lost when freshly minted.

Baynards House, Queen Victońa Street, EC4, 1972 (BC 72; Fig. 165.2)

The excavation commonly known as ‘Baynards Castle’ covered an enormous area over 100 m wide to the south of Upper Thames Street (Webster & Cherry 1973, 162-3 & Fig. 60). This is considerably to the south of the original Baynards Castle, which was built by William I and apparently destroyed in the late 13th century. No tracę of this or any other royal structure was found. The principal surviving remains were of 14th-century datę: on the west, a series of timber and stone revetments and a stone-walled inlet or dock leading to a public watergate and, on the east, the walls of an adjoining private property. This property, which was examined further in 1981 (see below), was substantially rebuilt in the 15th century, and itself became known from that time onwards as ‘Baynards Castle’.

The footwear described in this volume was all found in the vicinity of the 14th-century watergate inlet and may be divided into two groups.

(i)    A smali group of 41 registered shoes was found in dumps deposited at the time when the inlet itself was constructed. This is dated by pottery and jettons, probably to the second ąuarter of the 14th century.

(ii)    A very large group (417 registered shoes and 12 pattens) was found among the enormous ąuantities of rubbish which were used to infill the dock in preparation for the southward extension of the watergate. Large groups of pottery, three coins, four jettons and several pilgrim souvenirs suggest that this was done in the last ąuarter of the 14th century. The pre-servation of leatherwork was better here than on any other site, mainly because of the depth of deposits in the dock and the presence of exceptionally large ąuantities of purely organie materiał. Different parts of the filling were examined in different ways, but in those areas which were most meticulously excavated -perhaps as much as half the total - it is likely that very nearly all the shoes originally pre-sent were recovered.

Baynards Castle/City of London Boys’ School, Upper Thames Street, EC4, 1981 (BYD 81; Fig. 165.3)

Excavation exposed several successive timber and stone river walls, and part of the south-east corner tower of the 15th-century property known as ‘Baynards Castle’. A very smali group of 6 registered shoes and 5 pattens was found in layers deposited when the tower was constructed. Historical and documentary sources suggest that this was probably between 1428 and 1430.

2-3 Tńg Lane, Upper Thames Street, EC4, 1974 (TL 74; Fig. 165.4)

The excavation extended over a very large area of c.450 sq m and revealed a complex seąuence of revetments (G1-G15) ranging from the mid 13th to the mid 15th centuries; behind was a series of associated buildings (Milne & Milne 1982). Four major groups of footwear were found in the revet-ment dumps that were part of the four main stages of land reclamation.

(i)    The earliest group, associated with the G2/G3 revetments, contains just 17 registered shoes. The reclamation dumps were exca-vated ąuite extensively, and large ąuantities of pottery were recovered, but it seems that either the dumps were composed of soil which contained few leather objects or that the con-ditions of preservation were so poor that few such objects have survived. The pottery, ampullae and a token suggest that the revet-ments were erected soon after c.1270.

(ii)    The group associated with the second main revetment (G7) is similarly smali and poorly preserved (6 registered shoes). In the ab-sence of dendrochronological evidence and of