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LANGUAGE BIOGRAPHIES AND THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SITUATIONS: TOWARDS THE LIFE OF THE GERMAN COMMUNITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The article analyses the linguistic, social, and political situation that has deveioped on the tcrritory of the Czech Republic in the course of the 20th century. The materials used are biographical accounts provided by peoplc of German origin who live in the Czech Republic. A language biography is a biographical account in which the narrator makes the language, or rather languages, the topie of his or her narrative - in particular the issuc of how the language was acquired and how it was used. The biographical method is discus-sed in the article as a sociolinguistic method, which provides a means of understanding language situations. I deal with the problem of constructing individual language bio-graphies as well as with the typical language biography. I proposc a tentative typical language biography of Czech Germans, arguing that the narrative genrc of language biography should be included reflexively in the description of language situations.

LEXIKALNl BOHEMISMY V. NfiMECKĆ MfiSTSKE MLUVfi V OLOMOUCI Josef Jodas (Olomouc)

Poznatky o novodobych vlivech ćeśtiny na nemćinu z uzemi Cech, Moravy a Slezska nejsou stale dostaćujici. Dosud nepops&na ztistala mnoha zavaznd fak-ta, usudky o rozsahu a povaze techto vlivu neodpovidaji vźdy skutećnosti nebo ji nepostihuji v uplnosti; kuse a ćasto nahodile jsou zejmena nase znalosti nadna-recni hovorove nemćiny (regionalni, sudetske Umgangssprache) a take jazyko-vjch pomeru v mestskem prostfedi z jazykove smiSen Jch oblasti ćeskych zemi.

Cilem tohoto prispevku je korigovat ći upresnit nekterś drivejsi tvrzeni o zmi-nene problematice a upozomit na nova fakta ziskana analyzou dosud nepopsane-ho a nezpracovaneho materiału - lexika nemecke mestske mluvy v Olomouci. Jde o dva lexikalni soubory, prąci E Grosseho, serii ćlanku zverejnenou zaćatkem 30. let v olomouckem deniku Mahrisches Tagblatt, a sbirku H. Vondrowskeho z końce 90. let, tiskem dosud nevydanou.

Materiał F. Grosseho, shromaźdeny na zaklade aktualniho autorova jazykove-ho povedomi, zćasti rovnez diky informacim ziskanym od ćtenaru deniku, obsa-huje vice nez 500 lexikńlnich jednotek, sbirka H. Vondrowskeho zahmuje temer 850 jednotek a ma charakter svedectvi pametnickeho, je zaloźena na evokaci jazy ka z doby autorova mladi, tj. ze zhruba tehoź obdobi (30.-40. let).

Prestoze były oba soubory pojaty jako slovniky mistnich jazykovych zvlast-nosti, uzce lokalni ramec vetsinou prekracuji a vyznaćuji se specifickymi prvky spisę regionalni, misty i nadregionalni poyahy.1

Takovy raz maji pochopitelne ty vyrazy ćeskeho p0vodu, jeź se stały trvalou soućasti rakouske hovorove nemćiny; nektere z nich nabyły statutu priznakove (regionalni) spisovnosti: prejató s!ova Bisgurn (snad z ces. piskor)2 „boses Weib,

1

   Doklady z jednotIivych Iexikd!nfch souboril oznaćujeme v textu inicidlovou zkratkou G (Grosse) a V (Vondrowsky) a uvśdime je v te2e podobć, jak ji zaznamenali oba autori, s vyjimkou apostrofy za zaniklć e (Bucht‘1, Kalupp'n apod.). jiź vyncchdvśme. Definice nebo synonymnf ekvivaienty pn-sluSnych vyrazu pFebtróme z obou autorfi rovnćź beze zm2n. Vychozf ćeskou podobu uv5di'me pou> ze u prcjimck mólo znómych a neprtihlednych.

2

   Cesky puvod ncnf u vSech uv5d2nych vyrazu v2dy zcela nepochybny, protoźe si v§ak v tomto pnspćvku neklademe za dl podat dctailni etymologii tćchto vyrazu ani jejich definitivni sumarizaci. nezaujimdme postoj kc v5cm yykladńm o jejich pQvodu a pfipadnć pfejimky pouze pravd2podobnć nebo pfedpokkłdanć zvl&>( neoznaćujeme. Za bohemismy povaźujeme souhrnntJ vyrazy (popf. vy-znamy) prejatć z CeStiny nebo jejfm prostrednictvim.


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