P1190293

143 Ima tasak

ccwlhiei ot' *hc    3 ambcr route (Fogel 1988: 151). oonArmcd e.g. by

i sMUlar dtwnuiMiHW of tmportcd metal objeets (Bukowski 1995: 36; 2002 pR -88. Stołptak 1991: 21 and footnotc 4 on pp. 21 -22). Although there are many papen oa the (Muutwo ojP import* (e.g. a local product of foreign workmen) and the irobet nad. not all the is>ucs have bccn elarified, cspccially conceming tbe mcchaniMitN of the wwieły understood eitchangc and its organisution. So far ihcre n no oidencc that the proccascs of cschangc were organiscd and parttcułarły

■KtiiubonaliMd. and that factoncs existcd (a possiblc eacepcion Komorowo: et MahfMWkki 1985: 12-13) or therc were some centrę* of conccntration and distn-

baina of kagsłutance trade products (Dąbrowski 1992: 96 f.). Wc are not *Mr to awawec nutneruus quettioav conceming espccially the conditions and possibih-taes of trmfrrrnannn from vanous form of local cxchange (“cham exchangc”) io haig rtialanrr etetang*. funcuonung bctwcen remotc region* (Fogel 1993: 137-138, Bukowski 1993: 84).

la the case of glas-s beads. the possibility that they were produced by the 1 ii aiiaa cultorc cummumno or were madę locally by Ibrctgn workmen it w dekutdy exctuded (Stopiak 1988: 229; Bukowski 1992: 40). On the btsisofk chctotonł aaatyses to <tete of the glass samplcs frotn vartous parts of Europę a coa-chmaa may be drawn. that gcnerally speaking (some dissimilarities concem ghs pmihttn fitai the late EB. from the region of trelami and Switamiand) they dps feabaes typtcal of the Maktcmncan zonę (Durcnwski. Olczak 1966: 5S; M> haosdu 1991: 35: Hanhng 2000: 265 -269). The attempts to locatc the placescf glass [anihi ltia paorkshops) ptovc abortivc: in the opinions of some rescaichcn " cven sonie nccptictsm cooccming that kind of Solutions, bascd only on the u —hi of pmrd-cheaucal anałyses. cspccially conceming their inletprctanoa (Sttwank* 1991: 67-68). The signalisod places of such workshops in Central Etaapc. ■■nmnn i dated wy carly (the recipc for the glcascs from the ccnicicn m Łasin), iwy be sutt ngatfed aa conjecturc (Malinowski 1991: 37—38). Howev-m.głas*proihartino isgHwd undoubtedły ccrtain tcchnological knowledgc. wbieb paababty w* I bemer bard to be passed. cspccially with Icek of inspiraiion m cagagtag tomga specaluts (Stolpiak 1988: 229). Start mg from the Broiuc Aft m fcarepc. psriiDy ginu objeets production (beads) presagod not only the de%eł-opmem of a aew technology (the dcvelopment basis for ncw craftsmanship). bs tłntkbdiaae vh>e. e.g. artistic and prestigious. to matenals whieh serc b*» calły -wiwibbii i " dbnbng 2000: 268). Probably that is how the appearancc of M hak ta sbm H Pofash lands should be interpreted; although we ca w* eaftacH ełanae their ooanoctinn with econonuc sphere (Luka 1963 . 277 271 c g» MR •(g§§|Ofaalan cccbangcd for other goods (occasional "comnKdK' aa*aey~i la the adbcsoa ovcr cultural sensc of those products. but a ller all W ttJH hn*. Kwacbm eroptanstac a nccessity of paytng eloser attention to ph*k^v Metocal aad metal iphcrci, to sepaianon from the concept of dismbulion »n cvv aaaatc categanaa, parowd torough the prism of modem communiti es (Oe»W *9aJ H Bb|tł 1995. footnotc 21 In that meaning their circulation woukl *B* ^

ntdwHBMwB fMaanodity for commodity) but based on rcciprocity prinople. iwolled spint of the gift (Stolpiak 1991:23; Ostoja-Zagórski 199$ 39-40). la UKCthal icflectiont, supported by the research in the field of cultural amhropoj-•p. ctkmdogy aodology. etc., it ii assumcd that "the principlc of gifts eschange otfthwe baco SMractcristic of the socicties. which went beyood the social daty (.trata twe clarw or fhmilics)    and which have not reached yet an individual

ywraad I ■ pure form, to • market where moocy circulated" (Stolpiak 1991: Thoac and othar auempt* at mterpretalłon of the inflow of imponed goods land*. Including glass beads, still have a thcorctical basts only and rc-ppAMber research Comparatively cocnprchcnsu c publicaiions of the discov-aągofglam beads from ymamancally exammcd and vafl aeaopotna. «nch » W •* ta Miloafrwicc, may acrve thu purpose.

Ik ntc Miknławicc 6 ta locatcd in the Milicz Basin in the northem part of lima (tfel right-hank pan of the middlc Barycz river). A bont 529 gram were jawed at B cemctcry (many in a residua! stale), but glass beads appeared in fcmc* from Hallstatt C period (HaC) - 270 items all together. They come M8 grifl (gram 290, 304.318.381.479,484,489.529) and 3 single finds atk aaraundings of gra\e 516 and iwo contcmporary illcgally exca\atcd pas (fjcad finds 2, 15,36/05)^:. Most of the beads appeared in necklaces madę of ęlafspecuncn only (beads of the same ar different typa) or combined with am-berteak tai Mmc cases it was possiblc to dcterminc the age or both the age and da M of the dead. whom they accompanicd

GRAYES WITH GLASS BEADS

(.ra\r 290. This objcct was in rcsidually prescrved stone packing. containing afmcwerod With a plotę and II secondary vessels (most in vety smali ftag-aśi) In the um (2nd laycr of bumed bonę rcmains) 8 beads occtmed madę of ghie In the gntve thcrc was a burial of a w oman at the age of AJultus. bakdiMeły after bcing drawn out of the um. the beads were white. but after (Mar lunę their colour changcd to yellow. They madę up a necklace madę of one "k fecaaca (typc III). They are ring-shaped and 035-0.40 cm in diameter. 2MJ5 cm ia height and the holes diameter is about 0.20 cm.

Gme 364. It was under a stone pavcment of 20 Stones and in a stone pack-i baarewn with the residuals of a pyrę. Apart from the um it contained 14 eo^fray Wssels. a piąte, a censer. fragments of an iron pin and of a bronze -mfied product and 2 bronze spiral rings. On one of the vesset$ (an um'¹)

Thracasmoat m Miloslawicc were sloppcd ia 200$ The beads f:orr. the Ust escratwa ta the report - from gnwes 516 and 529 Md from We    ittcgat

ew HhI ■ morc, the supposcd bead from gn\c 560. apalfccd Ainng tbe ctaocrenct. madc of quaiui;e