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PERGAMON
Acta ma ter. 4* <2000> 279-306
AKIHISA IMOL E
libUtule for Matenah Research. Tohoku Limem ty. Sendai 980-8577. Japan
• KccncJ I Jutu- IW9. aucflcd Ii July IW/)
«
□ Khademhosseini, A.
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Yiscoelastic properties of polymers Book) |
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A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices |
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I. MIM <>K\ AND ALLOT CO.MPONENTS OF BI l.K AMOKPHOLS AI.I.OT S
The Millennium SpecuI Issuc A Sekcimn of Major Toptcs in Materiał* Science and Fnginccrtag ( orient status and futurę dtrectium. edited by S. Surash
Abstract Buli. metallic mulcnaU hjie ordinanly bcc-n pruduced by mclling and MsUiilwalum procent* for the la*t soeral thousand years. Howeier. metallic liqu>d n umtuble at temperatura* below the mclling temperaturę and *olrdit>e* inuncdialciy udo crysiallme phases Con*equently. all buli engrneenng alloys ara composed of a crysiallme slructure. Recenlly. this coinmon coocepl was ccploded by the tinding* of the stabih/atioo phenomenon of the supercoołed łiquid for a numher of alloy s in the Mg-, lanthanide-. Zr-. Ti-. Fe-. Co-. Pd Cu- and Ni-bascd system*. The alloys wiih the stabilued supercoołed lrquMl stale havc three I c.i i ii t c * im tlior altoy componcnts. i <t. multKompuneill -ostem*, ugnilicunt atomie *«re rano* ahotc 12**. and iH-gatn* hcat* of miting The subsli/alion nicchaniun lut aito hccn insctiigaled from ctpcnnscnul data of struciura analyset and fundamcntal physicul propcttic* The stahilisalion bat cnahled the pro-duclMin of buli amorpłious alloys m the tłuciness rangę of I 100 mm by using tarsous casting processe*. Buli amorphou* Zr-hased alloys eitubil high mechanical strangth. high fracture toughne** and good coe-rosion resistance and have heen iced for sporling good* materiał*. Tlić ilabduaOoo also leads to the appearance of a large supercoołed bquul region befora cryslaluation and enables high-*train ratę super-plasticity through New tuman flow. The new Fe- and Co-hascd amorphou* alloys etłubtt a large su per-cooled liqwd region and good soft nugnetic propen*.-* whicfc ara characlcrt/od by km coercise force and high permcaKbiy. Furt hermom. homogcwou* dis|vrtion of nanoteak particlcs mio Zr-bascd buli amot-phous alloys was found to causc aa improsemenl of tensile strangth without detnmem to g«>od ductilit). The di stos ery of the stabili/ation phenomenon. followcd by the cłarillcation of the stahduation criteru of the supercoołed litjuid. will pronuse the futurę delliute desełopment of buli amorphous alloys as new basie science and engmeenng matenals. • 2000 Acta Melallurgica btc. PuNiyhed by Eherirr Science Lid. All rigltls reserted-
Keywordt: Supercoołed liquids; Amorphotis materials. Metallic gŁt«u»: Stabibty: Mtcrostructure
Since the first syntheus of an amorphous phasc tn the Au Si system by a rapid sołidification techniquc in 1960 |IJ. a grc.it numher of amorphous alloys has hccn produccd for the List three dccadcs. It is well known that Fe-. Co- and Nt-bascd amorphous alloys found bcforc 1990 require high coohng rates a bose I0S K s for glass formation and the rcsulting samplc thickncss ts hmitcd to less than about 50 pm (2|. As cxceptional ctamplcs. one can obserse that Pd Ni I* and Pt Ni P amorphous alloys huvc lower criiic.il coohng rates of tlić order of 101 K s (3) and a large amorphous alloy sphcrc with a di-ameter of about 10 mm ts produccd by rcpcatcd
mclting of the Pd-Ni-P alloy coecrcd with a BAT, flux medium in a quartz cruciblc (4.5). Morę rcecnth. sińce 1988. we havc succccdcd in tindmg new multicomponcnt alloy systems with much lower cntical cooling rates in the Mg- |6). l.n- (7). Zr- (Mi Pd- (10,111 Pd Cu- [12). Pd lc- im, 11-|14.15] and Nt-bascd |16] alloy systems. Figurę I shows the rclationship betwccn the critical coohng ratę (/^L maximum samplc thickncss (/„.») and rcduccd glass transition temperaturę (TfTm) for amorphous alloys reportcd to datę (17-21). The lowcst ts as Iow a* u 10 K \ |22) for the PdjuCuroKtmPii, alloy and the i„lM rcachcs sahtes as large as about 100 mm. It ts also nolieed that the rccent improvcmcnt of the glass-formtng ability (GFA) rcachcs 6-7 orders for the cntical cooling ratę and 3-4 orders for the maximum thickncss. Thcre » a elear tcndcncy for GFA to incrcasc with incrcaung TJTm. Figurę 2 shows the rclationship hctwccn iniM and the temperaturę intcrsal of a
1359-6454,00120.00 « 2000 Acta Metali urgaru Inc. Publislied by Ehesier Science Lid. All nghls resersed. Pil: SI 359-6454(99>00300-6
2000
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