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Book 3 chapter 4

Giilliver's discontent with being on this Flying Island increases, and so he is lowered to Balnibarbi wliere he visits Miuiodi, at one time the Governor of the city of Lagado. Munodi shows Guliwer a roi ind the island—and a most iinusnal island it proves to be. Except for Munodi's estate, which is flourishing and green, the land is completely eroded and barren. Miuiodi explains that eveiything changed after several people visited Laputa. These travelers came back dissatisfied with the way things were and established an “academy of PROJECTORS,” the objective of the academy being to change the direction of all “arts, Sciences, languages and mechanics” and “to contrive new mles and methods of agriculture and building.” But nonę of their plans ever worked. Now the land is unproductive. Munodi's fields are bountiful because he follows the customs of liis ancestors.

Chapter 5

Gulliver visits the Grand Academy to observe tlie many experiments that are being tried out The intent of these projects is to improve some process, product, or human behavior for the good of humanity. Gulliver studies several projects in progress—for example, trying to extract sunsliine from cucumbers, trying to reduce human excrement to its original food, and making giuipowder from ice, among others. In another room, there are language projects, one of wliich is an endeavor to abolish words altogether. Gulliver feels that nonę of the projects are yet perfect.

Book 4 chapter 1

After five months at horne, Gulliver is offered and accepts the position of captain of the merchant sliip. During the voyage, several of his crew become ill, and Gulliver is forced to liire replacements. Unfortunately, those hi red are pirates who organize a mutiny on the sliip and leave Gulliver on an island wliere he encounters a pugnacious, “odious” group of animals that look and act like primates and that attack liim by climbing trees and defecating on liim. Their attack ends when a liorse appears on the road. Tliis horse studies Gulliver with great curiosity and is soon joined by another horse, both of wliich seem to coiwerse using words wliich Gulliver luiderstands as Yahoo and Houyhnhnm.

Chapter 8

Gulliver visits the Yahoos but cannot reconcile liimself to their vulgarity. They eat frogs and fish and kennel in holes. They stink, cannot be housebroken, and hurl excrement at one another. When Guliwer goes swimming, he is comered by one of the amorous females who embraces liis naked body and, Guliwer says, would have sexually assaulted him had his protector, the Sorrel Nag, not saved him. In contrast to the Yahoos, the Houyhnhnms govern themselves wholly by reason. They take good care of their young, but they do it on the grounds of reason. Accordingly, they breed for strength and comeliness; no Houyhnhnm marries for either love or money. Also, there is no adultery. Once every four years, Gulliver tells us, the Houyhnhnms meet for an assembly to settle all problems. Not surprisingly, there are few or no problems that need sdving.