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determined. measurable experiments based on specified. observable stimuli and responses perceived in concrete situations. However, not everything in language is observable physically. Thus, the pessimism of the approach relying on such rigorous procedures as well as the conclusion that semantics was not yet able to be explained in behavioural terms led to the neglect of the approach.

The structural semantics is claimed to be of particular importance. The main assumptions of the approach are formulated in the work of de Saussure (1959). The Swiss scholar is also considered as the father of structuralism, which can be generally defined as ‘an approach analysing languages into sets of structures' (Crystal 1997:438). That is to say. structuralism is based on the process of categorization and segmenting the qualities of utterances. Several different versions of structural semantics have emerged ever sińce the introduction of structuralism. However, they are all essentially based on the idea that the meanings of words are fundamentally relational. In other words. it is the position in a system of semantic relations with other words occurring in the same lexical field, which determines the meaning of a word. The relations relevant during the analysis are both paradigmatic and syntagmatic. Thus, structuralism emphasizes a thorough analysis of sense relations connecting a v\ord and its meaning.

However, the approach introduced by de Saussure (1959) was challenged by Chomsky (1957) who proposed a new theory of transformational generative grammar (henceforth: TGG) out of which a new approach called generative semantics originated. The theory has been initiated during the period of the 1950s and the early 1960s. The work induced much discussion as Chomsky (1957) introduced a brand-new method of analysing grammar. Chomsky’s (1957) theory dominated the linguistic scene during those years and exerted a great influence on sociology and psychology of that time. In accordance with his theory of TGG, acquaintance of language is created in human mind. Furthermore. he argued that a person that uses the language has a finite lexicon and a finite set of rules which he or she can use to produce an infinite number of sentences. Chomsky (1957) introduced the concept of deep structure as a central term in transformational grammar. One of the definition of the deep structure is that given by Crystal (1997:131) ‘the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence - an underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted'. In