2906543636

129

JiccHHHecTBa CyBaJiKH h raom6okh BpyA. JlecHyio nAomaAb 3aHHMacT 13 TnnoB MecTOoÓHTaHnn Jieca (pMC. 10), H3 KOTOpblX MeTblpe (CMCUiaHHblH CBOKHH 6op, CBOKHH ÓOp, CMCUiaHHblH CBOKHH Aec, ojiec) 3aHHMaK>T 94,5% noBepxHocTH h coAep>KaT 96,5% 3anaca /lecoMaTepwajia. Jieca, B03pacT KOTopbix hc npeBbjujaeT 80 JieT, 3aHMMaK>T 83% nAomaAH, a CTapinne — rojibKo 17% (pnc. 12). 3to CBHAeTejibCTByeT o HenpaBHAbHon CTpyKType HacattAeHHH, xot» CHTyauna b otom pawoHe h Tax AyHme, mcm b Apyrnx nacT»x riojibiuH (pmc. 13). HccAeAycMbie Jieca xapaKTe-pM3yK)TCJi OojibLiiMM 3anacoM jiecoMarcpHajia b xope (247 M³/ra), 3HaMHTCAbHO 6oAbuiHM, mcm cpeAHaji j\n* Bcen rioAbiiiH (155 M³/ra).

B 1977-1980 rr. aoxoaw ot OKcnAyaTannn jiecHbix TcppnTopnn AOCTnraAH b cpeAHeM 331,8 3Ji./ra H3 nero 290,6 3A./ra BbinaAaAo na npoAyKunio ApeBccnHbi. M3-3a OTcyTCTBMji,

o6llXCnpHH5iTblX MCTOAOB BblMHCJICHHJł HMymeCTBCHHOH CTOHMOCTH, a TBK)KC CTOHMOCTH BHC-npOM3BOACTBeHHblX (BHCX03»HCTBCHHblx) (JiyHKUHH ACCa, FipHHflTO yCAOBHbie nOKa3aTCJ!M. Oue-HOHHafl CTOHMOCTb ACCHblX TeppHTOpHH npeBblWaeT 4 MAH 3A/ra, K OTOMy Ao6aBAJICM CTOHMOCTb Haca)KAeHHH (190,2 TbIC. 3A/ra) H CTOHMOCTb OCHOBHblX c})OHAOB (1385 3Jl/ra). CTOHMOCTb BHCX03flHCTBCHHblX <J>yHKUHH BblHHCACHa no MeTOAy OcTpoBCKoro (1976) COCTBBAaeT 26 3 066 3ji/ra h hbahctch b 21,6 pa3 Bbicmaa, mcm onpeAeAeHHas no OTOMy we MeTOAy xo3»HCTBCHHaa CTOHMOCTb. MeTOA MapiuaAKa (1976) AaeT BCAHMHHy 871302 3A/ra. MccAeAOBaHHs accob BHrepcKoro panoHa noATBepAHAH 3aKOHOMepHocTH oÓHapyweHHbie b Apyrnx MacT«x cTpaHbi, OC06cHHO, MHOrOKpaTHO HH3LUHC AOXOAbl H3 ACCOX03HHCTBa B CpaBHCHHH C CCAbCKOX03HHCTBCH-HblM CeKTOpOM H 3HaHHTeAbHO BblCUiafl BHeX03»HCTBeHHa» CTOHMOCTb 3THX ACCOB B CpaBHCHHH C HX X03»HCTBeHHOH CTOHMOCTbłO.

PanoH BHrepCKHx o3Ćp ywe ahbho »BAsieTC« pCKpeaunoHHOH TeppHTOpneH. HoHAOKHaa 6a3a b 1976 1979 rr. cooraBAHAa b cpeAHCM 4 915 mcct (xa6A. 17), npHneM 2953 MecTa BbinaAaAH Ha TpH nocTOflHHbie oómcAOCTynHbje o6i>eKTa h Mecxa aas naAaTOK, a 1 522 Mccxa — na 37 3aKpbiTbJx ucHTpa (AOMa OTAbixa). B othx ueHTpax 6a3a nHTaHna o6AaAaAa ok. 900 noTpe6n-

TCAbCKHMH MCCT3MH, HTO AaeT OK. 2 HCAOBCKa Ha OAHO MCCTO. B OÓlUCAOCTynHOH 6a3C nHTaHHfl 6wao TOAbKo ok. 200 MecT, H3-3a nero hx BpauieHHe npeBbiujaAO bcakhc AonycTHMbie HopMbi (8-12 HOHAe)KHbix MecT Ha oaho noTpeÓHTeAbCKoe MecTo) (TaÓA. 18). B 1976-1979 rr. eweroAHo npeóbiBaAO b cpcahcm Ha 03. Bnrpbi 25 twc. TypncTOB. Ha ochobc npocTpaHCTBCHHon CTpyKTypbi TypHCTHHecKoro xo3ancTBa, a TaKwe AH<})4>epeHUHanHH uchhoctch npnpoAHOH cpeAbi, BbiACACHO 5 TypHCTHnecKHx noApanoHOB, a hmchho: Cxapbi (J)OAbBapK, Bnrpbi, BpbnrcAb, TaBpbixpyAa, 3axoKa CnynnHbCKafl (pnc. 14). B npeAeAax BbiACAeHHbix panonoB npoaHa-AH3HpOBaHO pa3Hbie OKOHOMHHCCKHC H (JjyHKUHOHaAbHblC aCnCKTbl TypHCTHMCCKOrO X03HHCTBa (xa6A. 18, 20- 22) h yKa3aHO HopMaTHBHbie BeAHHHHbi npeAeAbHon Harpy3KH (xa6A. 19). npOCTpaHCTBCHHaJł CTpyKTypa TypHCTHHCCKOH nOCTpOHKH flBAaeTCH HCKAlOHHTCAbHO HenpaBHAb-HOH H OKCTeHCHBHOH. MO)KHO B 3TOM y6eAHTbCS Ha npHMepe CAynsHbCKOrO 3aAHBa C nAOXHMH CTaHAapTHblMH ACTHHMH AOMHK3MH, paCnOAOWCHHblMH Ha 60AbłlJHX TCppHTOpHHX OrpaWACH-

Horo Aeca. CymecTByiomHH HenpaBHAbHbin cnocoó peKpeauHOHHoro ocbochhh bachct 3a co6oh 3HaMHTCAbHbJC OÓlUeCTBCHHbie, OKOAOrHHCCKHC H 3KOHOMHMCCKHC nOTepH. OCHOBOH 6yAytUHX H3MCHCHHH OCBOCHHH TeppHTOpHH AOA)KHa 6blTb HanpaBACHHafl HACHTH(|)HKaUHfl H KBaAH<J)H-

KanHji pecypcoB npnpoAHOH cpeAbi, a npewAe Bccro oueHKa cctcctbchhoh cmkocth npnpoAHOH CpeAbi. Mo)KHO BblACAHTb 5 KAaCCOB eMKOCTH, OT HaHBblCUlCrO (8-25 HeAOBCK/ra/AeHb) ao HaHHH3Luero (0-2 MeAOBeKa/ra/AeHb) (pnc. 15) h na otoh ochobc onpCAeAHTb AonycTHMOC HanpJDKCHHC TypHCTHMCCKOrO ABH)KCHHfl B HCnOCpCACTBCHHOH OKpy)KaK)meH CpCAC 03. Bnrpbi (TaÓA. 23). EcTecTBeHHa» CMKocTb Ha cyxonyTHbix TeppHTOpnsx AOCTnraeT 4 942 neAOBeKa, T.e. npn6AH3HTCAbHo oTBcnacT KOAHMccTBy cyinecTByłomHx b HacToamee BpeM« hohaokhł>ix mcct. flpyrne Ba)KHbic ouchkh npnpoAHOH cpeAbi c tohkh 3pCHHB xypH3Ma oto 3AOpOBHocxb KAHMaTa (pnc. 16), AOCTyn k 6epcry (pnc. 17), TypncTHMecKaa noAe3HOCTb n npnBACKaTeAbHOCTb (pnc. 18-21).

HCCTOpHMeCKOC pa3BHTHC (})yHKUHH HCnOAH$ICMblX paHOHOM BHTCpCKHX 03ep Bbl3BaAO onpCACACHHbic npco6pa30BaHHji rcorpa(})HMecKOH cpeAbi. Oahhm h3 mctoaob ouchkh cTeneHH AecfiopMauHH OKpy)KaK>mcH cpeAbi ot mnoTCTHnecKoro ncxoAHoro coctojihhji abaactca onpe-

9 — Studium gcockologicznc