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10 W. R. ANTARKAR

Prof. H. Nakamura has madę a similar aitempl to arrive at the datę of Sań. by corrclaling il to the datcs i.e., possible or probable periods of philosophers before and after Sań.¹⁸ His argumcnts in bricf are :

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Firslly, Prof. Nakamura discusses the carlicr thcories aboul Sań.’s datę, such as 788 A.D.; two Kerala thcories 400 A.D., and 805 A.D., middle of the 7lh cent. A.D. as bascd on the Nepalu VaiUś8vali one pertaining to king Manukuladiiya mentioncd in Sańkscpa San. bccausc the idcntily of the king is doublful and the one bascd on ccrtain names of persons likc Purnavarman, Dalavarman and citics ILke Srughna, Pataliputra, Malhura, etc. and sets them aside as inconclusive.

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i) Thcn hc first considcrs posl-Sań. philosophers. Thus, Vacaspali attacks Bhaskara who allacks Sań. One Sr! Valsańka is said lo lic between Sań. and Bha. Vacas. wrotc his NySyasOcT in 841 A.D. Hcnce, Bha. was earlier and Sań. slill carlicr. Sśń. can ihcn bc put belween 700-750 A.D.

ii) Surc. is quoied by Vidy2nanda who is mentioncd by Jinasena and

PrabhScandra. Jina. wrote his Harivaihśa Puriina in 783 A.D. and refers to

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Prabha. who is thcn his senior conlcmporary. So Vidyfl. can be placed in 750 - 800 and Surę. about. 750 A. D. Śań. is thcn placed in the first half of the 8lh cent. A.D.

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Sań. rcfcrs to Dharma. whose aclivc period is from 634 A.D. to 673 A.D. Sań. thcrcforc, comcs lalcr.

Kumfl. citcs Kilidasa, who bclongs to 400-460 A.D. or 410-470 A.D. Hencc, Kuma. is lalcr than 500 A.D. Similarly Kuma. quotes from VSkyapadTya of Bhartr., who livcd between 450-500 A.D. Hence, Kuma. can roughly bc

placed in the middle of the 7lh cent. A.D.

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Thcn, we fmd stanzas 1'rom Sloka-Varltika of Kuma. quoled by Surę., VidyH., Prabha., Santa., KamalaśHa, diseiplc of Santa, who died about 750 A.D. and hcnce, Santa, came before 740 A.D. Hencc Kuma. could not be prior to 720 A.D. Kuma. can bc placed between 650 A.D. and 700 A.D.

Lastly, Surc. came aflcr Mandana, who can bc placed from 670 A.D. to 720 A.D. Surę. bcing carlicr can, thcrcforc, bc placed about 710 - 770 A.D. and Sań., coming one generation carlicr can be placed about 700-750 A.D.

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The conclusion of Shri Nakamura is that Sań. must have been active in the carly part of the 8lh cent. A.D.

I feel constrained to remark that somc poinls at lcasl in the rcasoning of Shri Nakamura lcavc room for sufficicnt doubt, bul hc is in generał agreement with Prof. Umesh and others, who hołd with certainty that Sań. did not belong to any B.C. period, that hc cannot be placed before 500 A.D. in