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t

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n

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K

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r

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Ÿ

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Q

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r

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kˆ¤?¥j¦&pqsr

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t

436]O1QSI7_uIvG25>1W&,\G=O1QSIw_7IBGIjO§476y,O1Gz,*3G2H<8

n

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<RQSIB*7THUAV12WX>E2H<8†f}*-,.¨/^43698;:>?6-@

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1, 2, . . . , n

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25TBOb,\UjTBC…8†fE2‡438CLaˆ2Eƒ|IjC

N

n

r

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{

<RQ|IB*3THUAV12 WX>}2B<d8©fE*-,./I\WXO?8+Q|TH2NC25*7Œ'UjTBO?8_uIj436YT

N

n

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TBa1Q|@E*>*-,c<ªBG=THQ

G2H<2Eƒ™O1IjfE2šf}*-,h.i^/^436-IjfE2J_uIj436KTBa1QS25*3IjC

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n

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n

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ƒ|^a

G

[U ]

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<

G

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r

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6A*7^1G=O?8DC

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

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= (V, E, ψ)

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r

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n1“ož

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n

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<RQ|IB*3THUAV12 WX>}2B<d8ŠfE*-,./I\WXO?8L_7Ij476RfE*-,.iIjC

(n − 1)

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∗

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8

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8

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Q

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i

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i

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r

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r

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k

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:

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n

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r

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