7

I.

41<24#9;+#46;-7Đ;

DĂŐĚĂůĞŶĂ^njĐnjĞƉĂŷƐŬĂ

Osoba uprawniona do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia w umowie
ubezpKGE\GPKCPCľ[EKG (uRQUCľQP[)

1. Definicja osoby uprawnionej do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia

hŵŽǁĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂǏLJĐŝĞnjĞǁnjŐůħĚƵŶĂƉŽĚƐƚĂǁŽǁLJrodzaj wypadku ubezpieczenio-

wego

ʹ zgon ubezpieczonego, jaki jest obejmowany w tym przypadku ŽĐŚƌŽŶČ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnje-

ŶŝŽǁČ͕ ƉƌnjLJďŝĞƌĂ ƉŽƐƚĂđ ƵŵŽǁLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶĂ ĐƵĚnjLJ ƌĂĐŚƵŶĞŬ͕ ŽŬƌĞƑůĂŶĞũ ƌſǁŶŝĞǏ ũĂŬŽ
umowa na rzecz osoby trzeciej sensu stricto.

 njĂųŽǏĞŶŝĂ uŵŽǁĂ ƚĂ ĐŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌLJnjƵũĞ Ɛŝħ ƚLJŵ͕

ǏĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂ ǁųĂƐŶLJ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐ ŵĂũČƚŬŽǁLJ nj njĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĞŵ͕ ǏĞ ǁ ƌĂnjŝĞ njĂũƑĐŝĂ

ǁLJƉĂĚŬƵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞ ŵĂ ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂđ ŽƐŽďĂ ƚƌnjĞĐŝĂ͘
W

ƚLJŵ ƌŽĚnjĂũƵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƑŵŝĞƌđ ŽƐŽďLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞj powoduje powstanie roszczenia

o

ǁLJƉųĂƚħƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƉŽƐƚƌŽŶŝĞŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶĞũŽƐŽďLJƚƌnjĞĐŝĞũŽŬƌĞƑůĂŶĞũũĂŬŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ

1

.

P

ŽũħĐŝĞŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ŬƚſƌĂnjƌĞŐƵųLJǁŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͘ũĞƐƚ

ŽŬƌĞƑůĂŶĂũĂŬŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ ǁƉƌŽǁĂĚnjŽŶĞnjŽƐƚĂųŽƉƌnjĞnjƵƐƚĂǁŽĚĂǁĐħǁĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭ k.c. EŝĞŬƚſƌzy
ubezpieczyciele

ƉŽƐųƵŐƵũČ Ɛŝħ ǁ ƐƚŽƐƵŶŬƵ ĚŽƚLJĐŚ ŽƐſďƉŽũħĐŝĞŵ ʹ beneficjent. tLJĚĂũĞ Ɛŝħ͕

ǏĞ ŶŝĞ ũĞƐƚ ƚŽ ǁųĂƑĐŝǁĂ ƉƌĂŬƚLJŬĂ͕ ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏ ƉŽƐųƵŐŝǁĂŶŝĞ Ɛŝħ ƐĨŽƌŵƵųŽǁĂŶŝĞŵ ͣďĞŶĞĨŝĐũĞŶƚ͕͟
niezdefiniowanym w przepisach praw

Ă ŵŽǏĞ ďƵĚnjŝđ ǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂĐLJũŶĞ ĐŽ ĚŽũĞŐŽ

sytuacji prawnej.

hƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ ŵŽǏĞ ǁLJƐƚħƉŽǁĂđ ũĞĚLJŶŝĞ ǁ ƚLJĐŚ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĐŚ͕ ǁ ŬƚſƌLJĐŚ

ǁLJƉĂĚŬŝĞŵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁLJŵũĞƐƚƑŵŝĞƌđƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽƚnjŶ͘ǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĐŚŶĂǁLJƉa-

ĚĞŬƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ͕ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝǁƐŬƵƚĞŬŶŝĞƐnjĐnjħƑůŝǁĞŐŽǁLJƉĂĚŬƵ͕ǁLJƉĂĚŬƵŬŽŵƵŶŝŬĂĐLJũŶĞŐŽŝƚƉ͘

hƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ ũĞƐƚ ƉŽĚŵŝŽƚĞŵ ƐƚŽƐƵŶŬƵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ ŶŝĞ ũĞƐƚ ŶĂƚŽŵŝĂƐƚ ƐƚƌŽŶČ ƵŵŽǁLJ

ubezpieczenia a jego dobro osobiste

ʹ ǏLJĐŝĞŶŝĞũĞƐƚƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚĞŵŽĐŚƌŽŶLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞũ͘

Jest to osoba trzecia

͕ŶĂŬƚſƌĞũ ƌnjĞĐnjnjĂǁĂƌƚĂnjŽƐƚĂųĂƵŵŽǁĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘:ĞƐƚŽŶƵƉƌĂw-

ŶŝŽŶLJ ũĞĚLJŶŝĞ ĚŽ ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ ǁ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ ƵďĞnjƉŝe-

ĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŬƚſƌĞŐŽƑŵŝĞƌđƉŽǁŽĚƵũĞ ƵŶŝĐĞƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĞ ƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ

2

.

EĂůĞǏLJƵnjŶĂđ͕

ŝǏ ǁƚLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵŬŽƌnjLJƑđ ƵnjLJƐŬŝǁĂŶĂƉƌnjĞnjŽƐŽďħƚƌnjĞĐŝČŵĂƉŽƐƚĂđƌŽƐnjĐnjĞŶŝĂŽŶĂďLJĐŝĞ

ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ Ă ŶŝĞ ͣŶĂďLJĐŝĂ ƉƌĂǁĂ͘͟ KƐŽďĂ ƚƌnjĞĐŝĂ ŶĂďLJǁĂ njĂƐƚƌnjĞǏŽŶČ ŶĂ ũĞũ ƌnjĞĐnj ŬŽƌnjLJƑđ

1

M. Krajewski, Ubezpieczenie na rzecz osoby trzeciej (w:) A. Koch (red.), Umowa ubezpieczenia. Aktualne

problemy prawne, Bydgoszcz

ʹ WŽnjŶĂŷϮϬϬϱ͕Ɛ͘ϳϬ͘

2

M. Orlicki, Umowa ubezpieczenia, Warszawa 2002, s. 123.

8

ǁƉƌŽƐƚnjnjĂǁĂƌƚĞũƵŵŽǁLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘tnjǁŝČnjŬƵnjƉŽǁLJǏƐnjLJŵŽnjŶĂĐnjĂƚŽ͕ǏĞŬŽƌnjLJƑđƚĂŶŝĞ
pochodzi, w se

ŶƐŝĞ ƉƌĂǁŶLJŵ nj ŵĂũČƚŬƵ njĂƐƚƌnjĞŐĂũČĐĞŐŽ͘ KƐŽďĂ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĂ ĚŽ ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂ

ƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶŝĞũĞƐƚƌſǁŶŝĞǏŶĂƐƚħƉĐČƉƌĂǁŶLJŵnjĂƐƚƌnjĞŐĂũČĐĞŐŽ

3

.

hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞƉŽƐųƵŐƵũČƐŝħ niekiedy ƉŽũħĐŝĞŵͣƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽnjĂƐƚħƉĐnjĞŐŽ͟ŬƚſƌĞŐŽĚĞĨi-

ŶŝƵũČ ũĂŬŽ ʹ wskazana przez ubezpieczonego osoba (lub podmiot), uprawniona zgodnie
z

ƵŵŽǁČ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ ĚŽ ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ǁ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ njŐŽŶƵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕

ũĞǏĞůŝďƌĂŬũĞƐƚƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͘EŝĞŬƚſƌzy ubezpieczyciele ƉŽƐųƵŐƵũČƐŝħƉŽũħĐŝĂŵŝͣďĞŶĞĨŝĐũĞŶƚ

ŐųſwŶLJ͟ŝͣďĞŶĞĨŝĐũĞŶƚĚŽĚĂƚŬŽǁLJ͘͟

2. ŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌƉƌĂǁŶLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĂĚŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ

ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϭŬŽĚĞŬƐƵĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽƉƌĂǁŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞƵďĞz-

ƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŵƵ͘tƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ũĂŬƌſǁŶŝĞǏũĞŐŽnjŵŝĂŶĂŝŽĚǁŽųĂŶŝĞƐƚĂŶŽǁŝũĞĚŶo-

ƐƚƌŽŶŶĞ ŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞǁŽůŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŐŽŝŶŝĞ ǁLJŵĂŐĂnjŐŽĚLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĂ͘ Prawo do

ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽŵĂĐŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĂŬƐnjƚĂųƚƵũČĐĞŐŽ͕ƉŽůĞŐĂũČĐĞŐŽŶĂŵŽǏůŝǁo-

ƑĐŝƵŬƐnjƚĂųƚŽǁĂŶŝĂƐƚŽƐƵŶŬƵƉƌĂǁŶĞŐŽƉƌnjĞnjũĞĚŶČnjũĞŐŽƐƚƌŽŶ ʹ njŵŝĂŶLJ͕ƌŽnjǁŝČnjĂŶŝĂ. Wyko-
nanie przedmiotowego uprawnienia

ƉŽǁŽĚƵũĞ njŵŝĂŶħƵŬųĂĚƵƉŽĚŵŝŽƚŽǁĞŐŽ njŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶŝĂ͘

WŽǁŽĚƵũĞŽŶŽnjŵŝĂŶħŽďŽǁŝČnjŬƵĚųƵǏŶŝŬĂǁnjĂŬƌĞƐŝĞŽƐŽďLJ͕ŬƚſƌĞũŵĂŽŶĂƐƉĞųŶŝđƑǁŝĂĚĐnje-
nie

4

.

EĂůĞǏLJƉƌnjLJũČđ͕ǏĞƉƌĂǁŽĚŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝe-

czenia nie jest uprawnieniem o charakterze osobistym.

EĂůĞǏLJ ƵnjŶĂđ͕ ǏĞ ƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶŬČ ŶĂďLJĐŝĂ ŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝ ƉƌnjĞnj ŽƐŽďħ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶČ ŶŝĞ ũĞƐƚ ǁLJƌĂǏĞŶŝĞ

ƉƌnjĞnj ŶŝČ njŐŽĚLJ͘ EĂďLJǁĂ ŽŶĂ ƉƌĂǁŽ ĚŽ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶŝĞnjĂůĞǏŶŝĞ ŽĚ ƐǁŽũĞũ ǁŝĞĚnjLJ nj ĐŚǁŝůČ

ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJŵŽǏĞnjųŽǏLJđƚĂŬŝĞŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞƉƌnjLJnjĂǁĂƌĐŝƵƵŵo-

ǁLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ũĂŬŝǁƚƌĂŬĐŝĞƚƌǁĂŶŝĂƐƚŽƐƵŶŬƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘hƐƚĂǁŽĚĂǁĐĂƉƌnjĞǁŝĚnjŝĂų͕

ǏĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJŵŽǏĞŬĂǏĚĞnjƚLJĐŚnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŷnjŵŝĞŶŝđůƵďŽĚǁŽųĂđǁŬĂǏĚLJŵĐnjĂƐŝĞ͘^ŬŽn-
struowanie tego uprawnienia

ǁƉŽǁLJǏƐnjLJƐƉŽƐſďŽnjŶĂĐnjĂ͕ǏĞǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶĞũŽƐŽďLJŶŝĞ

ŬƐnjƚĂųƚƵũĞ ũĞũ ƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ ƉƌĂǁŶĞũ ǁ ƐƉŽƐſď ƉĞǁŶLJ͕ ǁ ƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶŽƑĐŝ ŶŝĞ ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝ ĞŬƐƉĞŬƚĂƚLJǁLJ

ŶĂďLJĐŝĂŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶĞŐŽƉƌĂǁĂ

5

.

KĚŵŝĞŶŶĂƌĞŐƵůĂĐũĂnjŽƐƚĂųĂƉƌnjLJũħƚĂǁŽĚŶŝĞƐŝĞŶŝƵĚŽƵŵſǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂĐƵdzy rachu-

ŶĞŬ͘tƚLJŵƌŽĚnjĂũƵƵŵŽǁLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJ͕njƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĂĚŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚ

ŵŽǏĞƐŬŽƌnjLJƐƚĂđũĞĚLJŶŝĞƉŽƵnjLJƐŬĂŶŝƵƵƉƌnjĞĚŶŝĞũnjŐŽĚLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘hƐƚĂǁŽĚĂǁĐĂƉƌnje-

ǁŝĚnjŝĂų͕ǏĞƵŵŽǁĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂůƵďŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͘ŵŽŐČƉƌnjĞǁŝĚLJǁĂđ͕ǏĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵŽǏĞǁLJŬo-

ŶLJǁĂđ ƚĞ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĂ ƐĂŵŽĚnjŝĞůŶŝĞ͘ WƌnjLJũħƚĞ ƉƌnjĞnj ƵƐƚĂǁŽĚĂǁĐħ ƌŽnjǁŝČnjĂŶŝĞ ƵǁnjŐůħĚŶŝĂ

ƌſǏŶĞ ƌŽĚnjĂũĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷ ŝ ĚĂũĞ ŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑĐŝ ĚŽƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂ ǁĂƌƵŶŬſǁ ƵŵŽǁLJ ĚŽ ƉŽƚƌnjĞď

ŬŽŶŬƌĞƚŶĞŐŽƐƚŽƐƵŶŬƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶƉ͘ǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝƵŶĂǏLJĐŝĞǁƐƉſůŶŝŬſǁnjĂsadne jest

ĂďLJ ƚŽ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJ͕ ŬƚſƌLJŵ ũĞƐƚ ƉƌnjĞĚƐŝħďŝŽƌĐĂ ŵŝĂų ƉƌĂǁŽ ǁLJnjŶĂĐnjĂŶŝĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ
a w

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĐŚŐƌƵƉŽǁLJĐŚƉƌĂĐŽǁŶŝŬſǁƚĂŬŝĞ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞ ƉŽƐŝĂĚĂůŝƐĂŵŽĚnjŝĞůŶŝĞƉƌa-

cownicy.

ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϭk.c. ŵŽǏŶĂǁƐŬĂnjĂđũĞĚŶČůƵďǁŝħĐĞũŽƐſďuprawnionych do otrzyma-

ŶŝĂƐƵŵLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂǁƌĂnjŝĞƑŵŝĞƌĐŝŽƐŽďLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞũ͘DŽǏĞ ŽŶŽnjŶĂĐnjLJđŝĐŚƵƉƌĂw-

3

A. Kubas, Umowa na rzecz osoby trzeciej,

ĞƐnjLJƚLJŶĂƵŬŽǁĞhŶŝǁĞƌƐLJƚĞƚƵ:ĂŐŝĞůůŽŷƐŬŝĞgo, Prace Prawnicze

ϳϴ͕<ƌĂŬſǁϭϵϳϲ͕Ɛ͘ϳϳ͘

4

P. Machnikowski,

^ǁŽďŽĚĂƵŵſǁǁĞĚųƵŐĂƌƚ͘ϯϱϯ

1

k.c. Konstrukcja prawna, Warszawa 2005, s. 90

ʹ 94.

5

W. Bayer, Die Sicherungszession der Rechte aus einer Lebensversicherung Und Imre Auswirkungen auf die

Bezugsberechtigung, Versicherungsrecht 1989, 17 (Heft 01/89).

9

nienia d

ŽĐĂųĞũǁLJƐŽŬŽƑĐŝƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂũĂŬŝƵųĂŵŬĂĐĂųŽƑĐŝ͘:ĞǏĞůŝǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŽŬŝůŬĂŽƐſď

uprawnionych do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia, a nie

ŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶŽƵĚnjŝĂųƵŬĂǏĚĞũnjŶŝĐŚǁƚĞũ

ƐƵŵŝĞ͕ŝĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųLJƐČƌſǁŶĞ͘

tLJnjŶĂĐnjĞŶŝĞƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽŵŽǏĞďLJđŝŵŝĞŶŶĞďČĚǍƚĞǏŵŽǏŶĂƚħ ŽƐŽďħŽŬƌĞƑůŝđw inny spo-

ƐſďnjĂƉĞǁŶŝĂũČĐLJďĞnjƚƌƵĚƵũĞũŝĚĞŶƚLJĨŝŬĂĐũħ͘KƐŽďĂƚĂŵƵƐŝďLJđŽnjŶĂĐnjĂůŶĂ͕ĂũĞũŝĚĞŶƚLJĨŝŬĂĐũĂ
powinna

ŶĂƐƚČƉŝđ ŶĂũƉſǍŶŝĞũ ǁ ĐŚǁŝůŝ ƐƉĞųŶŝĞŶŝĂ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ͘ /ƐƚŶŝĞũĞ

ŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑđǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂũĂŬŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚĚnjŝĞĐŝƌſǁŶŝĞǏƉŽĐnjħƚLJĐŚi nienarodzonych przed zaj-

ƑĐŝĞŵ wypadku ubezpieczeniowego

6

͕ ƌŽĚnjĞŷƐƚǁŽ ďČĚǍ ǁƐƉſųŵĂųǏŽŶŬĂ ŶŝĞ ŽnjŶĂĐnjĂũČĐ ŝĐŚ

imien

ŶŝĞ͘DŽǏĞƚŽƌŽĚnjŝđũĞĚŶĂŬƉƌŽďůĞŵLJǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵŶƉ͘ƌŽnjǁŽĚƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘ W sy-

ƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ǁŬƚſƌĞũŶŝĞŵŽǏŶĂƵƐƚĂůŝđŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞů njƌĞŐƵųLJ

ŽĚĚĂũĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞĚŽĚĞƉŽnjLJƚƵƐČĚŽǁĞŐŽ͘

EŝĞŵĂǏĂĚŶLJĐŚŽŐƌĂŶŝĐnjĞŷǁƐǁŽďŽĚnjŝĞǁLJnjŶĂĐnjĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͘hƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵŵŽǏĞnjo-

ƐƚĂđĐnjųŽŶĞŬƌŽĚnjŝŶLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŐŽůƵďƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ũĂŬƌſǁŶŝĞǏŽƐŽďĂnjŶŝŵŝŶŝĞƐƉo-

ŬƌĞǁŶŝŽŶĂ͘ DŽǏŶĂ ǁLJnjŶĂĐnjLJđ ũĂŬŽ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ ŽƐŽďħ ĨŝnjLJĐnjŶČ͕ ƉƌĂǁŶČ ũĂŬ ŝ ƚnjǁ͘ ƵųŽŵŶĞ
osoby prawne. Kodeks cywilny nie przewiduje

ǏĂĚŶLJĐŚŽŐƌĂŶŝĐnjĞŷĐŽĚŽƚĞŐŽ, ŬƚŽŵŽǏĞďLJđ

ŽƐŽďČƚƌnjĞĐŝČʹ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵ͘WƌnjLJũŵƵũĞƐŝħ͕ǏĞŽƐŽďČƚƌnjĞĐŝČŵŽǏĞďLJđŬĂǏĚLJƉŽŵŝŽƚƉƌĂǁĂ͕

ŬƚſƌĞŵƵƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞnjĚŽůŶŽƑđƉƌĂǁŶĂ

7

.

WƌĂǁŽĚŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂũĂŬŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽŶŝĞƚLJůŬŽŽƐo-

ďLJĨŝnjLJĐnjŶĞũũĞƐƚƐƉĞĐLJĨŝĐnjŶČƌĞŐƵůĂĐũČǁųĂƑĐŝǁČĚůĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷŶĂǏLJĐŝĞ͕ŬƚſƌĂŶŝĞŽďŽǁŝČnjƵũĞ
w odniesieniu do wskazywania

ŽƐŽďLJƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞũ ƉƌnjĞnjĐnjųŽŶŬĂŽƚǁĂƌƚĞŐŽĨƵŶĚƵƐnjƵĞŵĞƌy-

ƚĂůŶĞŐŽĂƉŽƚĞŵĞŵĞƌLJƚĂƉŽďŝĞƌĂũČĐĞŐŽĞŵĞƌLJƚƵƌħŬĂƉŝƚĂųŽǁČ͘Osoba uprawniona do otrzy-
mania sumy ubezpieczenia n

ŝĞ ŵƵƐŝ ƉŽƐŝĂĚĂđ njĚŽůŶŽƑĐŝ ĚŽ ĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝ ƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚ͕ ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏ

ŶĂďLJǁĂ ŽŶĂ ƉƌĂǁŽ ǁƉƌŽƐƚ nj ƵŵŽǁLJ͕ ďĞnj ƐǁŽũĞŐŽ ƵĚnjŝĂųƵ͘ :ĞĚŶĂŬ njĚŽůŶŽƑđ ĚŽ ĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝ

ƉƌĂǁŶĞũŵŽǏĞďLJđŶŝĞnjďħĚŶĂĚŽƐĂŵŽĚnjŝĞůŶĞũƌĞĂůŝnjĂĐũŝƉƌnjLJnjŶĂŶĞŐŽƉƌĂǁĂ͕ũĞǏĞůŝũĞŐŽǁLJŬo-

ŶLJǁĂŶŝĞƉŽůĞŐĂŶĂƉŽĚũħĐŝƵůƵďƉŽĚĞũŵŽǁĂŶŝƵĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚ

8

. Wskazanie uprawnione-

ŐŽ ŵŽǏĞ ďLJđ ǁĂƌƵŶŬŽǁĞ ŶƉ͘ ƉŽƉƌnjĞnj ŽŬƌĞƑůĞŶŝĞ͕ ǏĞ ŽƐŽďČ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶČ ũĞƐƚ ŵĂųǏŽŶĞŬ͕ ƉŽĚ

ǁĂƌƵŶŬŝĞŵǏĞƉƌnjĞǏLJũĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͖ũĞǏĞůŝŶŝĞƉƌnjĞǏLJũĞƚŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵũĞƐƚĚnjŝĞĐŬŽ

9

. Nale-

ǏLJƐŝħnjĂƐƚĂŶŽǁŝđ͕ĐnjLJƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶŬČŶĂďLJĐŝĂƌŽƐnjĐnjĞŶŝĂŽƐƵŵħƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŵŽǏĞďLJđƐƉĞųŶŝe-

ŶŝĞ ƉƌnjĞnjƚĞŶƉŽĚŵŝŽƚůƵďnjŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶŝĞƐŝħĚŽƐƉĞųŶŝĞŶŝĂŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶĞŐŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ na rzecz

ŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶĞũŽƐŽďLJ͘tLJĚĂũĞƐŝħ͕ǏĞnjŐŽĚŶŝĞnjnjĂƐĂĚČƐǁŽďŽĚLJƵŵſǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJďČĚǍƵďĞz-
pieczony

ŵŽǏĞ ƵnjĂůĞǏŶŝđ ƉƌĂǁŽ ĚŽ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ ŽĚ ƐƉĞųŶŝĞŶŝĂ ĚŽĚĂƚŬo-

ǁLJĐŚƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶĞŬ͘ hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJ ŵŽǏĞ njĂǁƌnjĞđƵŵŽǁħ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĞ ŶĂŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůĂŝǁƚĞĚLJ

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵũĞƐƚŽƐŽďĂůĞŐŝƚLJŵƵũČĐĂƐŝħĚŽŬƵŵĞŶƚĞŵƉŽƚǁŝĞƌĚnjĂũČĐLJŵnjĂǁĂƌĐŝĞƵŵŽǁLJ͘

hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJ ďČĚǍƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵŽǏĞ ǁŬĂǏĚLJŵĐnjĂƐŝĞnjŵŝĞŶŝđůƵďŽĚǁŽųĂđǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞ

ŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚũĂŬƌſǁŶŝĞǏŝŶĂĐnjĞũŽnjŶĂĐnjLJđƵĚnjŝĂųŬĂǏĚĞũnjŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚw sumie

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘EĂůĞǏLJ ƉƌnjLJũČđ͕ǏĞ ǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽƉƌĂǁŽĚŽǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂ

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽƐƚĂũĞƐŝħŶŝĞŽĚǁŽųĂůŶĞŝĚĞĨŝŶŝƚLJǁŶĞ͘tƑǁŝĞƚůĞƌĞŐƵůĂĐũŝ͕njĂǁĂƌƚĞũǁŬ͘Đ͘ƉƌnjĞǁi-

ĚƵũČĐĞũ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŐŽ ĚŽ ǁƐŬĂnjLJǁĂŶŝĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ ŶĂůĞǏLJ ƌŽnjǁĂǏLJđ ƐLJƚu-

ĂĐũħ͕ ǁ ŬƚſƌĞũ ŶĂƐƚČƉŝ ƑŵŝĞƌđ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŐŽ͕ ŶŝĞ ďħĚČĐĞŐŽ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵ͕ ŬƚſƌĂ nie

6

^EǁǁLJƌŽŬƵnjĚŶŝĂϳƉĂǍĚnjŝĞƌŶŝŬĂ1971 r. (sygn. akt III CRN 255/71, opubl. OSPiKA 1972 r., nr 9, poz. 170

z

ŐůŽƐČ͘tĂůĂƐnjĂŬĂ).

7

S. Grzybowski (w:) System prawa cywilnego,

ƚ͘/͘njħƑđŽŐſůŶĂ͕tƌŽĐųaw ʹ Warszawa ʹ <ƌĂŬſǁʹ 'ĚĂŷƐŬʹ

BſĚǍϭϵϴϱ͕Ɛ͘ϴϵϱ.

8

A. Kubas, op. cit., s. 49.

9

͘^ƚƌŽŝŷƐŬŝ͕hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂǏLJĐŝĞ͕Warszawa 1996, s. 59-60.

10

ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝ ƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶŬŝ ǁLJŐĂƑŶŝħcia stosunku ubezpieczenia. W takim przypadku umowa trwa
nadal, a uprawnienie do dokonywania

njŵŝĂŶǁŽĚŶŝĞƐŝĞŶŝƵĚŽŽƐſďƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ tak jak inne

ƉƌĂǁĂ ŵĂũČƚŬŽǁĞ ƉƌnjĞĐŚŽĚnjŝ ŶĂ ƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐſǁ njŐŽĚŶŝĞ nj ƌĞŐƵųĂŵŝ ƉƌĂǁĂ ƐƉĂĚŬŽǁĞŐŽ.
Tak

ƐĂŵŽŶĂůĞǏLJƚƌĂŬƚŽǁĂđƐLJƚƵĂĐũħ͕ǁŬƚſƌĞũƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJŶŝĞũĞƐƚŽƐŽďČĨŝnjLJĐnjŶČi w inny

spo

ƐſďnjĂŬŽŷĐnjLJƐǁſũďLJƚƉƌĂǁŶLJ͕ǁƚĞĚLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞƚŽƉƌnjĞũŵƵũČŶĂƐƚħƉĐLJƉƌĂǁŶŝƚĂŬŝĞŐŽ

podmiotu.

t ƚĂŬŝĞũ ƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ ŶĂůĞǏLJ ƉƌnjLJũČđ͕ ǏĞ ŽďŽǁŝČnjĞŬ njĂƉųĂƚLJ ƐŬųĂĚŬŝ ƵďĞnjpieczeniowej

w

njǁŝČnjŬƵnjŬŽŶƚLJŶƵĂĐũČƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƐƉŽĐnjLJǁĂŶĂƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐĂĐŚ͘

hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ ƌſǏŶĞĚĂƚLJǁĞũƑĐŝĂǁǏLJĐŝĞnjŵŝĂŶLJůƵďŽĚǁŽųĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͘

EŝĞŬƚſƌĞz nich ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ͕ ǏĞƐČnjǁŝČnjĂŶe ĚŽŬŽŶĂŶČnjŵŝĂŶČ͕ƉŽĐnjČǁƐnjLJŽĚĚŶŝĂǁƉųLJŶŝħĐŝĂ

ŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŽnjŵŝĂŶŝĞĚŽƐŝĞĚnjŝďLJnjĂŬųĂĚƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷ͘ EŝĞŬŝĞĚLJǁŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͘njŶĂũĚƵũĞƐŝħƉo-

ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĂŽŬƌĞƑůĂũČĐĞ͕ǏĞnjŵŝĂŶĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽŶĂƐƚħƉƵũĞ od daty pisemnego potwierdzenia
zmiany przez ubezpieczyciela.

EĂůĞǏLJ ƵnjŶĂđ͕ǏĞ pierwsze z ww. rozwŝČnjĂŷ jest dopuszczalne

w

ƑǁŝĞƚůĞŽďŽǁŝČnjƵũČĐLJĐŚƉƌnjĞƉŝƐſǁƉƌĂǁĂi ƐųƵǏy ƵƐƵŶŝħĐŝƵǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝĐŽĚŽŽƐŽďLJǁŝĞƌnjy-

ĐŝĞůĂ͕ ǁŽďĞĐ ŬƚſƌĞŐŽ ũĞƐƚ njŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶLJ ƐƉĞųŶŝđ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞů͘ Drugie postano-
wienie stosowane przez ubezpieczycieli

ďƵĚnjŝ ǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝ͘ hƉƌĂǁŶŝĞnie do wskazania

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJůƵďƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJƌĞĂůŝnjƵũĞƐŬųĂĚĂũČĐŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞǁŽůŝƵďĞnjƉŝe-

ĐnjLJĐŝĞůŽǁŝ͕ njĂƑ ͣƉŽƚǁŝĞƌĚnjĞŶŝĞ͟ ŵŽǏŶĂ ĐŽ ŶĂũǁLJǏĞũ ƵnjŶĂđ njĂ ĐnjLJŶŶŽƑđ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐnjŶČ͕ ĂůĞ ŶŝĞ

ǁƉųLJǁĂũČĐČ na ǁĂǏŶŽƑđ wskazania.

:ĞǏĞůŝ ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŽ ŬŝůŬĂ ŽƐſď Ƶprawnionych do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia, a nie ozna-

ĐnjŽŶŽƵĚnjŝĂųƵŬĂǏĚĞũnjŶŝĐŚǁƚĞũƐƵŵŝĞ͕ŝĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųLJƐČƌſǁŶĞ͘tnjǁŝČnjŬƵnjƉŽǁLJǏƐnjČƌĞŐƵůĂĐũČ

ŵŽǏĞƉŽũĂǁŝđƐŝħƉƌŽďůĞŵǁƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ŐĚLJǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŽŬŝůŬĂŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚŝŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶŽŝĐŚ

ƵĚnjŝĂųLJ ǁ ƐƵŵŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ ĂůĞ ƵĚnjŝĂųLJ ƚĞ ŶŝĞ ƐƵŵƵũČ Ɛŝħ ĚŽ ϭϬϬй͘ t ƚĂŬŝŵ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞŵŽŐČƵƌĞŐƵůŽǁĂđƚČŬǁĞƐƚŝħǁŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͘DŽǏŶĂƉƌnjLJũČđƚƵƚĂũƌſǏŶĞƌŽnjǁŝČnjĂŶŝĂ

ŶƉ͘ǏĞƉŽnjŽƐƚĂųĂĐnjħƑđƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂŝŶŶLJŵƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵƉƌŽƉŽƌĐũŽŶĂůŶŝĞ ĚŽǁŝĞůŬŽƑĐŝŝĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųƵ,
alb

ŽǏĞƵĚnjŝĂųLJǁƐnjLJƐƚŬŝĐŚƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚƐČƌſǁŶĞ͘

3. WƌĂǁĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ ǁnjĂŬƌĞƐŝĞƐŬŽƌnjLJƐƚĂŶŝĂnjĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂnjƚLJƚƵųƵnjĂǁĂƌƚĞũƵŵŽǁLJ
ubezpieczenia

^ƵŵĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũČĐĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŵƵ nj ƚLJƚƵųƵ njĂǁĂƌƚĞũ ƵŵŽǁLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ

w przypadku zgonu ubezpieczo

ŶĞŐŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝũĞŐŽŬŽƌnjLJƑđ͕ĐŽĚŽŬƚſƌĞũŵĂŽŶŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶĞƉƌa-

wa. W umowie ubezpieczenia nie istnieje

ŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑđnjųŽǏĞŶŝĞŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŽnjĂŵŝĂƌnjĞƐŬŽƌnjy-

ƐƚĂŶŝĂ nj njĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĂ͘ WƌnjĞƉŝƐLJ ƉƌĂǁĂ ĚŽƚLJĐnjČĐĞ ƵŵŽǁLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶŝĞ ŽŬƌĞƑůĂũČ͕

ǏĞ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵŽǏĞnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏŽŶČna jego rzecz ŬŽƌnjLJƑđŽĚƌnjƵĐŝđ͘tůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌnjĞƌĞƉƌĞnjĞŶƚŽǁĂŶĞ
jest jednolite stanowisko, ze takie uprawnienie mu

ƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞ͕ ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏ ǁ ƐĨĞƌnjĞ ƉƌĂǁĂ

cywilne

ŐŽ ŶŝĞ ŵŽǏŶĂ ŶŝŬŽŵƵ ͣŶĂƌnjƵĐŝđ͕͟ ďĞnj ũĞŐŽ ǁŝĞĚnjLJ ŝ ǁŽůŝ͕ ƐŬƵƚŬſǁ ĐLJǁŝůŶŽƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚ

wynikaj

Čcych z ĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝƉƌĂǁŶĞũ͘tƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵƵŵŽǁLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂǏLJĐŝĞ, njĞ ǁnjŐůħĚƵ

ŶĂũĞũŝƐƚŽƚħ, ŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŽŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝƵŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝŵŽǏĞďLJđnjųŽǏŽŶĞũĞĚLJŶŝĞƉƌnjLJƌnjĞŬĂũČĐĞŵƵʹ
ubezpieczycielowi

͘ KĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝĞ ŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝ ŵĂ ĐŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌ ŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƉƌĂǁŶŽŬƐnjƚĂųƚƵũČĐego.

W zw

ŝČnjŬƵ nj ƉŽǁLJǏƐnjLJŵ ŽƐŽďĂ ƚƌnjĞĐŝĂ ʹ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ ŶŝĞ ŵŽǏĞ ũƵǏ͕ ƉŽ njųŽǏĞŶŝƵ ŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ

o

ŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝƵŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝƉƌnjLJũČđnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĂ͕ĐŚLJďĂǏĞƐƚƌŽŶLJƐŝħnjŐŽĚnjČĂůƐŽďĂƚƌnjĞĐŝĂƐŬu-

ƚĞĐnjŶŝĞ ƵĐŚLJůŝƐŝħŽĚƐŬƵƚŬſǁƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚƐǁĞŐŽŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂǁŽůŝ, njųŽǏŽŶĞŐŽƉŽĚǁƉųLJǁĞŵ

ďųħĚƵ ůƵď ŐƌŽǍďLJ͘ WƌnjLJũŵƵũĞ Ɛŝħ͕ ǏĞ ŬŽƌnjLJƑđ ŽĚƌnjƵĐŽŶĂ ũĞƐƚ ŶŝĞ ŶĂďLJƚĂ ex tunc. Ğ ǁnjŐůħĚƵ
na

ƚŽ͕ǏĞŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŽŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝƵŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝŬƌĞƵũĞŶŽǁLJƐƚĂŶƉƌĂǁŶLJ͕ŬƚſƌĞŐŽƐŬƵƚŬŝǁƌſǏŶLJ

ƐƉŽƐſď ǁƉųLJǁĂũČ ŶĂ ƐLJƚƵĂĐũħ ƉƌĂǁŶČ ŝŶŶLJĐŚ ƉŽĚŵŝŽƚſǁ ŬǁĞƐƚŝČ ďƵĚnjČĐČ ǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝ ũĞƐƚ

ŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑđƐŬųĂĚĂŶŝĂŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŽŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝƵŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝnjnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĞŵǁĂƌƵŶŬƵůƵďƚĞƌŵi-

11

ŶƵ͘tůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌnjĞƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵƉƌĞnjĞŶƚŽǁĂŶĞũĞƐƚƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƐŬŽ͕ǏĞŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝĞŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝƉŽĚǁa-

ƌƵŶŬŝĞŵůƵďnjnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĞŵƚĞƌŵŝŶƵũĞƐƚŶŝĞĚŽƉƵƐnjĐnjĂůŶĞ͕ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏƐƚĂŶŶŝĞƉĞǁŶŽƑĐŝĐŽ do

ƐŬƵƚŬſǁƚĞŐŽŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌŽǁĂĚnjŝųďLJĚŽƌnjĞĐnjLJǁŝƐƚĞŐŽnjĂŐƌŽǏĞŶŝĂďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷƐƚǁĂŽďƌŽƚƵ͘

KĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝĞŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƉƌĂǁŽnjďLJǁĂůŶĞŝĚnjŝĞĚnjŝĐnjŶĞ͘^ƚƌŽŶLJƵŵŽǁLJŶŝĞŵĂũČƉƌawa do
ograniczenia ograniczenie uprawnienia osoby trzeci

ĞũĚŽƌŽnjƉŽƌnjČĚnjĂŶŝĂƉƌnjLJnjŶĂŶČũĞũŬŽƌnjy-

ƑĐŝČ;Ăƌƚ͘ϱϳΑ 1 k.c.Ϳ͘DŽŐČŽŶĞũĞĚŶĂŬƵnjĂůĞǏŶŝđŶĂďLJĐŝĞŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝŽĚnjŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶŝĂƐŝħŽƐŽďLJ

ƚƌnjĞĐŝĞũ͕ǏĞŶŝĞĚŽŬŽŶĂŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶLJĐŚƌŽnjƉŽƌnjČĚnjĞŷƵnjLJƐŬĂŶLJŵnjƵŵŽǁLJƉƌĂǁĞŵ;Ăƌƚ͘ϱϳ Α 2
k.c.

ͿKƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŽƐŽďLJƚƌnjĞĐŝĞũŽ ŽĚƌnjƵĐĞŶŝƵnjĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĂƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĐnjLJŶŶŽƑđƉƌĂǁŶČǁLJŵa-

ŐĂũČĐČĚůĂƐǁĞũǁĂǏŶŽƑĐŝŵ͘ŝŶ͘njĚŽůŶŽƑĐŝĚŽĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚƵŽƐŽďLJ͕ŬƚſƌĂƚĂŬŝĞŽƑǁŝĂd-

ĐnjĞŶŝĞƐŬųĂĚĂ

10

.

ŶĂůŝnjƵũČĐnjĂŬƌĞƐƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŷŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂůĞǏLJ

njǁƌſĐŝđƵǁĂŐħŶĂart. 19 ust. 1 ƵƐƚĂǁLJŽĚnjŝĂųĂůŶŽƑĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞũ͘WƌnjĞƉŝƐƚĞŶwprowa-
dza

ŽďŽǁŝČnjĞŬ njĂĐŚŽǁĂŶŝĂƚĂũĞŵŶŝĐLJ ĚŽƚLJĐnjČĐĞũƉŽƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶLJĐŚƵŵſǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjĞnj

njĂŬųĂĚƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷŝŽƐŽďLJǁŶŝŵnjĂƚƌƵĚŶŝŽŶĞůƵďŽƐŽďLJŝƉŽĚŵŝŽƚLJ͕njĂƉŽŵŽĐČŬƚſƌLJĐŚnja-

ŬųĂĚ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷǁLJŬŽŶƵũĞĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞ͘ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϭϵƵƐƚ͘ϮƉŬƚϮϬƵƐƚĂǁLJ

ŽĚnjŝĂųĂůŶŽƑĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞũnjĂŬĂnjƚĞŶŶŝĞĚŽƚLJĐnjLJŝŶĨŽƌŵĂĐũŝƵĚnjŝĞůĂŶLJĐŚŶĂǁŶŝŽƐĞŬupo-

ƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽůƵďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞŐŽnjƵŵŽǁLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵnjŐųŽƐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂƐƚČƉienia zda-

ƌnjĞŶŝĂ͕ nj ŬƚſƌLJŵ ƵŵŽǁĂ ǁŝČǏĞ ŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚnjŝĂůŶŽƑđ njĂŬųĂĚƵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷ͘ WŽǁLJǏƐnjĂ regulacja

ŽnjŶĂĐnjĂ͕ǏĞƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĚŽŵŽŵĞŶƚƵǁLJƐƚČƉŝĞŶŝĂǁLJƉĂd-
ku ubezpieczeniowego, w tym przypadku

ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŶŝĞŵĂƉƌĂǁĂƵnjLJƐŬĂđŽĚ

ubezpieczyciela

ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂĐũŝ Ž ƵŵŽǁŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ ǁ ƚLJŵ ǁ ƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶŽƑĐŝ Ž ƚLJŵ ĐnjLJ ũĞƐƚ

ŽƐŽďČƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶČĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘

4. Suma ubezpieczenia a prawo spadkowe

ƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϯŬŽĚĞŬƐƵĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũĞ͕ǏĞƐƵŵĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũČĐĂƵƉŽƐĂǏo-

ŶĞŵƵŶŝĞŶĂůĞǏLJĚŽƐƉĂĚŬƵƉŽƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵ͘WŽǁLJǏƐnjĞƵƌĞŐƵůŽǁĂŶŝĞǁƉƌŽǁĂĚnjĂǁLJƌĂǍŶĞ

ƵƉƌnjLJǁŝůĞũŽǁĂŶŝĞŽƐſďƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ͕ŬƚſƌĞŶŝĞƐČƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐĂŵŝĂŶŝnjĂƉŝƐŽďŝĞƌĐĂŵŝƉŽnjŵĂr-

ųLJŵ͘tnjĂůĞǏŶŽƑĐŝŽĚŽŬŽůŝĐnjŶŽƑĐŝ͕ƵƉƌnjLJǁŝůĞũŽǁĂŶŝĞŵŽǏĞ ĚŽƚLJĐnjLJđƌſǏŶLJĐŚ ŬĂƚĞŐŽƌŝŝŽƐſď͗

ƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐſǁ ƵƐƚĂǁŽǁLJĐŚ ůƵď ƚĞƐƚĂŵĞŶƚŽǁLJĐŚ͕ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚ ĚŽ njĂĐŚŽǁŬƵ͕ ǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůŝ
spadkowych.

tůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌnjĞ ƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵƵnjŶĂǁĂŶĞ ũĞƐƚƚŽnjĂƉƌnjĞųĂŵĂŶŝĞnjĂƐĂĚƉƌĂǁĂƐƉĂd-

kowego.

WƌnjĞƉŝƐLJ ƉƌĂǁĂ ŶŝĞ ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ ŽŐƌĂŶŝĐnjĞŶŝĂ ǁLJƐŽŬŽƑĐŝ ǁLJƉųĂĐĂŶLJĐŚ sum ubezpie-

ĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘ :ĞĚŶĂŬ ƚĞŶ ďƌĂŬ ŽŐƌĂŶŝĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶŝĞ ƉŽǁŝŶŝĞŶ ƉƌŽǁĂĚnjŝđ ĚŽ ŽďĞũƑĐŝĂ ƉƌnjĞƉŝƐſǁ ƉƌĂǁĂ

ƐƉĂĚŬŽǁĞŐŽ͕ ƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶŝĞ ŐĚLJ ǁLJƉųĂƚĂ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ ƉƌŽǁĂĚnjŝųĂďLJ ĚŽ ǁy-

ĐnjĞƌƉĂŶŝĂƉƌĂŬƚLJĐnjŶŝĞƐƚĂŶƵĐnjLJŶŶĞŐŽƐƉĂĚŬƵ͘ŽĐŚŽĚnjĞŶŝĞƌŽƐnjĐnjĞŷŽĚƵďĞzpieczyciela jest

njŶĂĐnjŶŝĞųĂƚǁŝĞũƐnjĞŶŝǏƐŬŽŵƉůŝŬŽǁĂŶĞŝƉƌnjĞǁůĞŬųĞƉŽƐƚħƉŽǁĂŶŝĞƐƉĂĚŬŽǁĞ͘Autor tego sta-

ŶŽǁŝƐŬĂ ƵǁĂǏĂ͕ ǏĞ Ăƌƚ͘ ϴϯϭ ŝŶĂƐƚħƉŶĞ ŬŽĚĞŬƐƵ ĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽ ǁƉƌŽǁĂĚnjĂũČ ǁLJũČƚĞŬ ŽĚ njĂƐĂĚLJ͕

njĂǁĂƌƚĞũǁĂƌƚ͘ϵϮϮΑϭŬŽĚĞŬƐƵĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽ͕njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌČŽŐſų ƉƌĂǁŵĂũČƚŬŽǁLJĐŚnjŵĂƌųĞŐŽ

ŶĂůĞǏLJĚŽƐƉĂĚŬƵƉŽŶŝŵ͘tƚLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵǁLJƐƚħƉƵũĞƉƌnjĞũƑĐŝĞŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶLJĐŚƉƌĂǁŵĂũČƚŬo-

ǁLJĐŚŶĂŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶĞŽƐŽďLJŶŝĞnjĂůĞǏŶŝĞŽĚƚĞŐŽ͕ĐnjLJƐČŽŶĞƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐĂŵŝ

11

.

WŽǁLJǏƐnjĞƐƚĂŶo-

ǁŝƐŬŽ ďƵĚnjŝ ƉŽǁĂǏŶĞ ǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝ͘ EĂůĞǏLJ njŐŽĚnjŝđ Ɛŝħ nj ƉŽŐůČĚĞŵ ƉƌnjĞĚƐƚĂǁŝŽŶLJŵ ƉƌnjĞnj
M.

KƌůŝĐŬŝĞŐŽ͕njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌLJŵǁƚLJŵƌŽĚnjĂũƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŶŝĞnjŶĂũĚƵũČnjĂƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂŶŽr-

10

A. Kubas, op. cit., s. 91

ʹ 93.

11

A. Szpunar,

KnjŶĂĐnjĞŶŝĞƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝƵŶĂǏLJĐŝĞ͕ (w:) T. Sangowski, Ubezpieczenia w gospo-

darce rynkowej 4, Bydgoszcz

ʹ WŽnjŶĂŷϮϬϬϮ͕Ɛ͘ϭϲϳ-170.

12

ŵLJƉƌĂǁĂƐƉĂĚŬŽǁĞŐŽnjĂǁĂƌƚĞǁĂƌƚ͘ϵϮϮΑϭŝϮŬ͘Đ͕͘njĞǁŐůČĚƵŶĂƚŽ͕ǏĞƌŽƐnjĐnjĞŶŝĞŽƐŽďLJ
uprawnionej do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia nigdy

ŶŝĞ ƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐŝǁĂųŽ ubezpieczonemu.

hƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞĚŽǁǁ͘ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŶŝĞƉƌnjĞĐŚŽĚnjŝnjƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽŶĂũĂŬČŬŽůǁŝĞŬŝŶŶČŽƐŽďħ

ʹ ĂŶŝŶĂƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐħĂŶŝŶĂŝŶŶČŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶČŽƐŽďħ

12

.

tLJƉųĂƚĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏo-

ŶĞŵƵƉŽǁŝŶŶĂŶĂƐƚČƉŝđŶŝĞnjĂůĞǏŶŝĞŽĚƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũČĐLJĐŚŵƵƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŷŶĂ podstawie art. 446
k.c.

ŽƌĂnjƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŷnjƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞnia ƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶego

.

5. ƌĂŬǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ

ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϮΑϭŬŽĚĞŬƐƵĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽ͕ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽƐƚĂũĞƐŝħďĞnjƐŬƵƚĞĐnjŶĞ͕

ũĞǏĞůŝ njŵĂƌų ŽŶ ƉƌnjĞĚ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝČ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘ WƌnjLJũŵƵũĞ Ɛŝħ͕ ǏĞ ŽƐŽďĂ ŶŝĞ ĚŽǏLJųĂ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŐĚLJnjŵĂƌųĂũĞĚŶŽĐnjĞƑŶŝĞnjƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵ ŶƉ͘njŐŝŶħųĂǁtym samym wypad-
ku czy katastrofie

͘ŽĐŚǁŝůŝƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnje-

nia

ŶŝĞƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŬƐƉĞŬƚĂƚLJǁLJ͕ŬƚſƌČŽĚnjŝĞĚnjŝĐnjLJđŵŽŐůŝďLJũĞŐŽƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐLJ͘tƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ŐĚLJ

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ ƉƌnjĞǏLJų ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ, ĂůĞ ŶŝĞ njƌĞĂůŝnjŽǁĂųƐǁŽũĞŐŽ ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĂ ĚŽ ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂ

ƐƵŵLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ƚŽǁŝĞƌnjLJƚĞůŶŽƑđƚĂƉƌnjĞĐŚŽĚnjŝŶĂƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐſǁ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽǁĞĚųƵŐ
zasad prawa spadkowego. Wierz

LJƚĞůŶŽƑđƚĂ ŵŽǏĞ ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝđ ƌſǁŶŝĞǏ ƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚ ƉƌnjĞůĞǁƵ ŶĂ

ƉŽĚƐƚĂǁŝĞ Ăƌƚ͘ ϱϬϵ Ŭ͘Đ͘ tƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ ũĞƐƚ ƌſǁŶŝĞǏ ďĞnjƐŬƵƚĞĐnjŶĞ͕ ŐĚLJ ƵŵLJƑůŶŝĞ

ƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųƐŝħŽŶĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘ƌĂŬƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞŐŽĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞz-

ƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂnjĂĐŚŽĚnjŝƌſǁŶŝĞǏǁ sytuacjach nie wskazanych wprost w kodeksie cywilnym tj. nie-

ĚŽŬŽŶĂŶŝĂǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂ͕ŽĚǁŽųĂŶŝĂŐŽďĞnjǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂŶŽǁĞŐŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ, ƵƉŽƐĂǏĞŶŝĂŽƐŽďLJ

ŶŝĞŝƐƚŶŝĞũČĐĞũ ůƵďnjĂŬŽŷĐnjĞŶŝĂďLJƚƵƉƌĂǁŶĞŐŽƉŽĚŵŝŽƚƵďħĚČĐĞŐŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵ

13

.

W przypadku bezskutecznego wskazan

ŝĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ ĂůďŽ ŐĚLJ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ njŵĂƌų ƉƌnjĞĚ

ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝČƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽĂďLJųŽŬŝůŬƵƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ͕ubezpieczyciele w o.w.u. njƌĞŐƵųLJprzewi-

ĚƵũČ͕ǏĞƵĚnjŝĂųƚĞŐŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽnjǁŝħŬƐnjĂƵĚnjŝĂųLJƉŽnjŽƐƚĂųLJĐŚƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ͕ƉƌŽƉŽƌĐũŽŶĂůŶŝĞ

ĚŽŝĐŚĚŽƚLJĐŚĐnjĂƐŽǁLJĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųſǁǁƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁLJŵ͘tůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌnjĞƉƌnjĞĚŵŝo-

ƚƵƉƌĞnjĞŶƚŽǁĂŶĞ ũĞƐƚŽĚŵŝĞŶŶĞƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƐŬŽ͘ŐŽĚŶŝĞ njƚLJŵƉŽŐůČĚĞŵ͕ǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵǁLJnjŶa-

ĐnjĞŶŝĂ ĚǁſĐŚ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ͕ nj ŬƚſƌLJĐŚ ũĞĚĞŶ njŵĂƌų ƉƌnjĞĚ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝČ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ůƵď

ƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝų ƐŝħĚŽũĞŐŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ - ĚƌƵŐŝƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŶŝĞ ďħĚnjŝĞƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂĐĂųĞũ

ƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘KďĂũƵƉŽƐĂǏĞŶŝŶŝĞƐČǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĂŵŝƐŽůŝĚĂƌŶLJŵŝnjŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϯϲϳŬ͘Đ͘

_ǁŝĂdczenie ubezpieczyciela ũĞƐƚƵƐƚĂůŽŶĞǁƉŽƐƚĂĐŝƐƵŵLJƉŝĞŶŝħǏŶĞũŝǁnjǁŝČnjŬƵnjƉŽǁLJǏƐnjLJŵ

ũĞƐƚ ƉŽĚnjŝĞůŶĞ͘ EĂ ƉŽĚƐƚĂǁŝĞ Ăƌƚ͘ ϯϳϵ Α ϭ Ŭ͘Đ͘ ũĞǏĞůŝ ŝƐƚŶŝĞũĞ ŬŝůŬƵ ǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůŝ͕ ǁŝĞƌnjLJƚĞůŶŽƑđ

ĚnjŝĞůŝƐŝħŶĂŶŝĞnjĂůĞǏŶĞĐnjħƑĐŝ͘<ĂǏĚLJnjǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůŝŵĂƉƌĂǁŽĚŽŵĂŐĂđƐŝħŽĚĚųƵǏŶŝŬĂƚLJůŬŽtej

ĐnjħƑĐŝ͕ũĂŬĂŶĂŶŝĞŐŽƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ͘WŽŶĂĚƚŽŶŝĞŵĂƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶĞŬ͕ĂďLJƵnjĂƐĂĚŶŝđƵnjLJƐŬŝǁĂŶŝĞƉƌnjĞnj

ũĞĚŶĞŐŽnjƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚŬŽƌnjLJƑĐŝŵĂũČƚŬŽǁĞũǁƐŬƵƚĞŬƑŵŝĞƌĐŝĚƌƵŐŝĞŐŽƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͘ųħĚŶĞ

ďLJųŽďLJĂŶĂůŽŐŝĐnjŶĞƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĞǁƚLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵƉƌnjĞƉŝƐƵĂƌƚ͘ϵϯϱΑϮŬ͘Đ͘Ž ƉƌnjLJƌŽƑĐŝĞ͘WŽǁi-

ŶŝĞŶ ƚƵ ƌĂĐnjĞũ njŶĂůĞǍđ njĂƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĞ ϴϯϮ Α Ϯ Ŭ͘Đ͕͘ ĐŽ ĚŽ ĐnjħƑĐŝ͕ŬƚſƌČ ŵŝĂųďLJ ƵnjLJƐŬĂđ njŵĂƌųLJ

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJ

14

.

t ƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚŽǁĞũ ŬǁĞƐƚŝŝ ŶĂůĞǏLJ njŐŽĚnjŝđ Ɛŝħ njĞ ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƐŬŝĞŵ ͘ ^njƉƵŶara.

Natomiast

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞ ƐƚŽƐƵũČƉƌnjĞĚƐƚĂǁŝŽŶČƉŽǁLJǏĞũƉƌĂŬƚLJŬħ njĞ ǁnjŐůħĚƵŶĂnjǁŝČnjane

z

ŶŝČŵŶŝĞjsze utrudnienia.

12

M. Orlicki, op. cit.

͕ Ɛ͘ ϭϮϯ͕ WŽĚŽďŶLJ ƉŽŐůČĚ ǁLJƌĂnjŝų D͘ <ƌĂũĞǁƐŬŝ (w:) Umowa ubezpieczenia. Komentarz,

Warszawa 2004, s. 292.

13

M. Drzewicki, Strony umowy ubezpieczenia na

ǏLJĐŝĞŝŝŶŶĞŽƐŽďLJ͕ŬƚſƌLJĐŚƚĂƵŵŽǁĂĚŽƚLJĐnjLJ͕ WiĂĚŽŵŽƑĐŝ

Ubezpieczeniowe 1994, nr 7-9, s. 31.

14

A. Szpunar, op. cit., s. 169.

13

tČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝďƵĚnjŝƐLJƚƵĂĐũĂ͕ǁŬƚſƌĞũƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJƵŵLJƑůŶŝĞƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųƐŝħĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝe-

ĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ǁŬƚſƌĞũnjŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϮΑ ϭŬ͘Đ͘ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞŐŽĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƐƚĂũĞ Ɛŝħ ďĞzskuteczne ŶƉ͘ ǁ ƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ ŐĚLJ ŵĂųǏŽŶĞŬ ĚŽŬŽŶĂų njĂďſũƐƚǁĂ ǏŽŶLJ͘
W

ƚLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵŶĂůĞǏLJƌŽnjǁĂǏLJđ͕ĐnjLJƚĂŬĂŽƐŽďĂ͕ũĞǏĞůŝũĞƐƚĐnjųŽŶŬŝĞŵŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũƌŽĚnjŝŶLJ͕ŶŝĞ

ŶĂďLJǁĂƉƌĂǁĂĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂũĂŬŽŽƐŽďĂǁƐŬĂnjĂŶĂƉƌnjĞnjƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽĂůĞũĞƐƚ
uprawnio

ŶĂŶĂƉŽĚƐƚĂǁŝĞĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϮΑ ϮŬ͘Đ͕͘njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌLJŵƐƵŵĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ

ŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũƌŽĚnjŝŶŝĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽǁŬŽůĞũŶŽƑĐŝǁƐŬĂnjĂŶĞũǁŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͘EŝĞŬƚſƌzy ubezpieczycie-
le

ƵŵŝĞƐnjĐnjĂũČǁŽ͘ǁ͘ƵƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĞ͕ǏĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŶŝĞƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞ oso-

ďŝĞ͕ŬƚſƌĂƵŵLJƑůŶŝĞƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųĂƐŝħĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘ƌnjŵŝĞŶŝĞƚĞŐŽƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĂ

ǁƐŬĂnjƵũĞ͕ǏĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůŽĚŵĂǁŝĂƉƌĂǁĂĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŬĂǏĚĞũŽƐŽďŝĞ͕ŬƚſƌĂƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųĂ

ƐŝħĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŶĂǁĞƚũĞǏĞůŝũĞƐƚŽŶĂĐnjųŽŶŬŝĞŵŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũƌŽĚnjŝŶLJŝŶĂůĞǏLJĚŽ

ŬĂƚĞŐŽƌŝŝŽƐſďŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶLJĐŚǁŽ͘ǁ͘Ƶ͕ŬƚſƌLJŵƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵďƌĂŬƵƵƉo-

ƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶLJĐŚ ƉƌnjĞnj ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘ dĂŬŝĞ ƵƌĞŐƵůŽǁĂŶŝĞ ƵŵŽǁŶĞ njŶĂũĚƵũĞ ƵnjĂƐĂd-

ŶŝĞŶŝĞǁƑǁŝĞƚůĞĂƌƚ͘ϱŬ͘Đ͕͘njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌLJŵŶŝĞŵŽǏŶĂĐnjLJŶŝđnjĞƐǁĞŐŽƉƌĂǁĂƵǏLJƚŬƵ͕ŬƚſƌLJ

ďLJųby ƐƉƌnjĞĐnjŶLJnjnjĂƐĂĚĂŵŝǁƐƉſųǏLJĐŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ͘

ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϮΑϮk.c. ũĞǏĞůŝǁĐŚǁŝůŝƑŵŝĞƌĐŝŽƐŽďLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞũŶŝĞŵĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ

ƐƵŵĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũƌŽĚnjŝŶŝĞƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽǁŬŽůĞũŶŽƑĐŝƉƌnjĞwidzianej
w o.w.u.

͕ĐŚLJďĂǏĞƵŵſǁŝŽŶŽƐŝħŝŶĂĐnjĞũ͘<ŽĚĞŬƐĐLJǁŝůŶLJŶŝĞǁƐŬĂnjƵũĞ͕ũĂŬŝƉŽĚŵŝŽƚďħĚnjŝĞƐŝħ

ƵŵĂǁŝĂų nj njĂŬųĂĚĞŵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷ͘ ŐŽĚŶŝĞ nj ŽŐſůŶČ ƌĞŐƵųČ ǁLJŶŝŬĂũČĐČ nj ƉƌĂǁĂ njŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŷ

ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝĞŶŝĞƚĂŬŝĞƉŽǁŝŶŶŽƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐŝǁĂđƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐĞŵƵũĂŬŽƐƚƌŽŶie umowy.

tƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ͕ŐĚLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJůƵďƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŽĚǁŽųĂųǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞũĞĚŶĞũnjǁŝĞůƵŽƐſď

ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ͕ŶŝĞŽnjŶĂĐnjĂũČĐŶĂŶŽǁŽƵĚnjŝĂųſǁƉŽnjŽƐƚĂųLJĐŚƉŽĚŵŝŽƚſǁ͕ǁſǁĐnjĂƐƵĚnjŝĂųLJƚĞ

ƉƌŽƉŽƌĐũŽŶĂůŶŝĞ ǁnjƌĂƐƚĂũČ ŬŽƐnjƚĞŵ ĐnjħƑĐŝ͕ ŬƚſƌĂ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂųĂ ŶĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ ŬƚſƌLJ njŽƐƚĂų

ŽĚǁŽųĂŶLJ͘ĂƐĂĚĂƚĂŵĂnjĂƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĞƌſǁŶŝĞǏǁƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ŐĚLJǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĞũĞĚŶĞŐŽnjƵƉŽƐĂǏo-

ŶLJĐŚŽŬĂnjĂųŽƐŝħďĞnjƐŬƵƚĞĐnjŶĞ͘KŐſůŶĞǁĂƌƵŶŬŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷnjĂǁŝĞƌĂũČƌĞŐƵųLJƉŽĚnjŝĂųƵƐƵŵLJ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉŽŵŝħĚnjLJĐnjųŽŶŬſǁƌŽĚnjŝŶLJƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ǁƌĂnjŝĞďƌĂŬƵƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͘ƌĞŐƵųLJ

njĂŬųĂĚLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷ ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ͕ ǏĞ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ũĞƐƚ ƐƉĞųŶŝĂŶĞ ŶĂ ƌnjĞĐnj ĐnjųŽŶŬſǁ ƌŽĚnjŝŶLJ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽǁŶĂƐƚħƉƵũČĐLJƐƉŽƐſď͗

1.

ŵĂųǏŽŶĞŬ͕

2. dzieci

ʹ ǁĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚƌſǁŶLJĐŚ͕

3. rodzice

ʹ ǁĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚƌſǁŶLJĐŚ͕

4.

ƌŽĚnjĞŷƐƚǁŽ ʹ ǁĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚƌſǁŶLJĐŚ͕

5.

ƉŽnjŽƐƚĂųĞŽƐŽďLJďħĚČĐĞƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐĂŵŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽʹ ǁĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚƌſǁŶLJĐŚ͕

njǁLJųČczeniem gminy ostatniego miejsca zamieszkania spadkodawcy i ^ŬĂƌďƵWĂŷƐƚǁĂ͘

_ǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞnjƚLJƚƵųƵƑŵŝĞƌĐŝǁLJƉųĂĐĂŶĞũĞƐƚŶĂƌnjĞĐnjŽƐŽďLJǁLJŵŝĞŶŝŽŶĞũǁŬŽůĞũŶLJŵƉunk-

ĐŝĞǁLJųČĐnjŶŝĞǁƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ŐĚLJǏĂĚŶĂnjŽƐſďǁƐŬĂnjĂŶLJĐŚǁƉƵŶŬƚĂĐŚƉŽƉƌnjĞĚnjĂũČĐLJĐŚŶŝĞĚŽǏLJųĂ

ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽůƵďŶŝĞƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞũĞũƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏƵŵLJƑlŶŝĞƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųĂƐŝħ

ĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͘

ĂƐĂĚLJƚĞŵŽŐČďLJđŵŽĚLJĨŝŬŽǁĂŶĞ͕ĂůĞnjĂŬƌĞƐŵŽĚLJĨŝŬĂĐũŝŵŽǏĞďLJđŶŝĞǁŝĞůŬŝŝŽŐƌĂŶŝĐnjĂđ

ƐŝħũĞĚLJŶŝĞĚŽnjŵŝĂŶLJŬŽůĞũŶŽƑĐŝƉƌĂǁĂĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĂůďŽĚŽƉƌnjLJũħĐŝĂ

ŬŽůĞũŶŽƑĐŝƵƐƚĂůŽŶĞũǁƉƌĂǁŝĞƐƉĂĚŬŽǁLJŵ͘WƌnjLJŬųĂĚŽǁŽ- ŶŝĞŬŝĞĚLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞŽŬƌĞƑůĂũČ͕

ŝǏ ũĞǏĞůŝǁĐŚǁŝůŝƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽŶŝĞŵĂƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŶĂůĞǏŶĞnjƚLJƚƵųƵ

ŶŝŶŝĞũƐnjĞũ ƵŵŽǁLJ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ ƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐŽŵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ǁ ĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚ͕ ǁ ũĂŬŝĐŚ ƉŽ Ŷŝŵ

ĚnjŝĞĚnjŝĐnjČ͘Niekiedy ubezpieczyciele ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ͕ǏĞw przypadku braku wskazania beneficjen-
ta albo gdy benefi

ĐũĞŶƚǁĐŚǁŝůŝnjŐŽŶƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽŶŝĞǏLJųůƵďƵƚƌĂĐŝųƉƌĂǁŽĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnje-

14

ŶŝĂ͕ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞŽƐŽďŽŵƉŽǁŽųĂŶLJŵĚŽƐƉĂĚŬƵƉŽƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵ͕ǁĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚ

ŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶLJĐŚǁƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝƵƐČĚƵŽƐƚǁŝĞƌĚnjĞŶŝƵŶĂďLJĐŝĂƐƉĂĚŬƵ͘TĂŬƐĨŽƌŵƵųŽǁĂŶĂŬůĂƵnju-
la umowna

njĂďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĂ ǁ ŬǁĞƐƚŝŝ ũĞĚŶŽnjŶĂĐnjŶĞŐŽ ƌŽnjƐƚƌnjLJŐŶŝħĐŝĂ

ŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘EĂůĞǏLJũĞĚŶĂŬnjĂƵǁĂǏLJđ͕ǏĞ w praktyce oznacza ona prze-

ƐƵŶŝħĐŝĞƚĞƌŵŝŶƵǁLJƉųĂƚLJ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŶĂĚĂůƐnjLJ ŽŬƌĞƐ͕ǁnjǁŝČnjŬƵ njƉƌnjĞǁůĞŬųŽƑĐŝČƉŽƐƚħƉo-
wa

ŶŝĂ ƐČĚŽǁĞŐŽ͕ ĐŽ ƉŽǁŽĚƵũĞ ĚŽĚĂƚŬŽǁĞ ŬŽƐnjƚLJ ƉŽƐƚħƉŽǁĂŶŝĂ͘ EŝĞ ǁŝČǏĞ Ɛŝħ ƚŽ ũĞĚŶĂŬ

z dodatkowymi

ŬŽƐnjƚĂŵŝĚůĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĂ͕ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏŵŽǏĞŽŶƐŝħƉŽǁŽųĂđŶĂ Ăƌƚ͘ϴϭϳΑϮ

Ŭ͘Đ͕͘njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌLJŵŐĚLJďLJǁLJũĂƑŶŝĞŶŝĞǁƉŽǁLJǏƐnjLJŵƚĞƌŵŝŶŝĞŽŬŽůŝĐnjŶŽƑĐŝŬŽŶŝĞĐnjŶLJĐŚ do

ƵƐƚĂůĞŶŝĂŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚnjŝĂůŶŽƑĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĂĂůďŽǁLJƐŽŬŽƑĐŝƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŽŬĂnjĂųŽƐŝħŶŝĞŵŽǏͲ

ůŝǁĞ͕ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞƉŽǁŝŶŶŽďLJđƐƉĞųŶŝŽŶĞǁĐŝČŐƵϭϰĚŶŝŽĚĚŶŝĂ͕ǁŬƚſƌLJŵƉƌnjLJnjĂĐŚŽǁĂŶŝƵ

ŶĂůĞǏLJƚĞũƐƚĂƌĂŶŶŽƑĐŝǁLJũĂƑŶŝĞŶŝĞƚLJĐŚŽŬŽůŝĐnjŶŽƑĐŝďLJųŽŵŽǏůŝǁĞ͘ W o.w.u. njŶĂũĚƵũČƐŝħƌſw-

ŶŝĞǏƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĂƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČĐĞ͕ǏĞũĞǏĞůŝǁĐŚǁŝůŝƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽŶŝĞŵĂƵƉŽƐĂǏo-

ŶLJĐŚ ĂŶŝ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ njĂƐƚħƉĐnjLJĐŚ͕ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞ ǁ ƌĂnjŝĞ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ ŽƐŽďŽŵ͕ ŬƚſƌĞ ƚǁŽƌnjČ ŬƌČŐ ƵƐƚĂǁŽǁLJĐŚ ƐƉĂĚŬŽďŝĞƌĐſǁ ƵďĞnjƉŝe-

ĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ͕ďĞnjǁnjŐůħĚƵŶĂƚŽ͕ĐnjLJǁŬŽŶŬƌĞƚŶLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ͕njĂĐŚŽĚnjČƉƌnjĞƐųĂŶŬŝĚŽĚnjŝĞĚnjŝĐnje-

ŶŝĂ ƵƐƚĂǁŽǁĞŐŽ͘ KƐŽďŽŵ ƚLJŵ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ ǁ ŬŽůĞũŶŽƑĐŝ
i w

ĐnjħƑĐŝĂĐŚnjŐŽĚŶLJĐŚnjŽŐſůŶLJŵŝnjĂsadami dziedziczenia ustawowego͘EŝĞŬƚſƌzy ubezpieczy-

ciele

ǁƐŬĂnjƵũČ͕ǏĞũĞǏĞůŝǁĚŶŝƵnjĂũƑĐŝĂǁLJƉĂĚŬƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽŶŝĞǏLJũĞǏĂĚĞŶnjƵƉŽƐĂǏo-

ŶLJĐŚ͕ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJĐŚ njĂƐƚħƉĐnjLJĐŚ ůƵď ŝŶŶLJĐŚ ŽƐſď ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ njŽƐƚĂŶŝĞ

ǁLJƉųĂĐŽŶĞ ƚĞŵƵ͕ ŬƚŽ ƉŽŬƌLJų ǁLJĚĂƚŬŝ njǁŝČnjĂŶĞ nj ƉŽŐƌnjĞďĞŵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ĚŽ ǁLJƐŽŬŽƑĐŝ

ƚLJĐŚ ǁLJĚĂƚŬſǁ ŶŝĞ ǁŝħĐĞũ ũĞdŶĂŬ ŶŝǏ ĚŽ ǁLJƐŽŬŽƑĐŝ ǁLJŶŝŬĂũČĐĞũ nj ƵŵŽǁLJ ubezpieczenia na

ǏLJĐŝĞ͘tŶŝĞŬƚſƌLJĐŚ o.w.u. ŽŬƌĞƑůŽŶŽ͕ǏĞŽƐŽďĂǁLJƐƚħƉƵũČĐĂnjƌŽƐnjĐnjĞŶŝĞŵŝŶŝĞďħĚČĐĂƵƉŽƐa-

ǏŽŶLJŵ ĂŶŝ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶLJŵ njĂƐƚħƉĐnjLJŵ ƉŽǁŝŶŶĂ ƵĚŽŬƵŵĞŶƚŽǁĂđ njǁŝČnjĞŬ ƌŽĚnjŝŶŶLJ nj ubezpie-

ĐnjŽŶLJŵ ;ŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝ ĚŽǁſĚ ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝČ ǁ ƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶŽƑĐŝ͗ ĂŬƚ ŵĂųǏĞŷƐƚǁĂ͕ ĂŬƚ ƵƌŽĚnjĞŶŝĂ͕

ƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĞƐČĚƵŽƐƚǁŝĞƌĚnjĞŶŝƵŶĂďLJĐŝĂƐƉĂĚŬƵ͕ƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĞƐČĚƵŽ podziale spadku).
W

ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ ŝŶŶLJĐŚ njŵŝĂŶ ƉƌnjLJũŵƵũĞ Ɛŝħ͕ ǏĞ ŵŝĂųLJďLJ ĐŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌ ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŝĂ ŽƐŽďLJ ůƵď ŽƐſď

uposa

ǏŽŶLJĐŚǁƌŽnjƵŵŝĞŶŝƵĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϭŬŽĚĞŬƐƵĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽ͘

:ĞǏĞůŝ ǁ ĐŚǁŝůŝ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ŶŝĞ ŵĂ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ Ă ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞů ŽŬƌĞƑůŝų͕

ǏĞ w ƚĂŬŝŵ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ ƐƵŵĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂ ĐnjųŽŶŬŽŵ ƌŽĚnjŝŶLJ ƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ ĂůĞ
z

ǁLJųČĐnjĞŶŝĞŵŐŵŝŶLJŽƐƚĂƚŶŝĞŐŽŵŝĞũƐĐĂnjĂŵŝĞƐnjŬĂŶŝĂƐƉĂĚŬŽĚĂǁĐLJŝ^ŬĂƌďƵWĂŷƐƚǁĂ͕ŵŽǏĞ

zaist

ŶŝĞđƐLJƚƵĂĐũĂ͕ǁŬƚſƌĞũŶŝĞ ŵĂŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚ ĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͘tƚĂŬŝŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ

ŶĂůĞǏLJ ƵnjŶĂđ͕ǏĞ ƐƵŵĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjLJƉĂĚĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůŽǁŝŝƉŽǁŝŶŶĂďLJđƚƌĂŬƚŽǁĂŶĂ
jako jego zyski nadzwyczajne.

6. WƌĂǁŽĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂnjƚLJƚƵųƵnjŐŽŶƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽǁƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ umowy na okaziciela

ƌƚ͘ ϴϯϭ Α ϭ njĚĂŶŝĞ ƉŝĞƌǁƐnjĞ k.c. ǁƉƌŽǁĂĚnjĂ ŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑđ njĂǁĂƌĐŝĂ ƵŵŽǁLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ

na

ǏLJĐŝĞͣŶĂŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůĂ͘͟tČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝďƵĚnjŝŬǁĞƐƚŝĂŵŽǏůŝǁŽƑĐŝnjŵŝĂŶLJůƵďŽĚǁŽųĂŶŝĂnjĂƐƚƌnje-

ǏĞŶŝĂ͕ ǏĞ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ ŵĂ ďLJđ ƐƉĞųŶŝŽŶĞ ĚŽ ƌČŬ ŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůĂ ƉŽůŝƐLJ͘ WŽůŝƐĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĂ
na okaziciela jest znakiem legitymacyjnym,

ƐƚǁŝĞƌĚnjĂũČĐLJŵ ŽďŽǁŝČnjĞŬ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ nieokre-

ƑůĂũČĐLJŝŵŝĞŶŶŝĞŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũ͘ŐŽĚŶŝĞnjĂƌƚ͘ϵϮϭ

15

Αϯk.c. ŵĂũČĚŽŶŝĞũnjĂƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĞ

przepi

ƐLJ ŽƉĂƉŝĞƌĂĐŚǁĂƌƚŽƑĐŝŽǁLJĐŚŶĂŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůĂ͘tƚLJŵƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵƉƌĂǁŽĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞŬĂǏĚŽĐnjĞƐŶĞŵƵƉŽƐŝĂĚĂĐnjŽǁŝƉŽůŝƐLJ ʹ okazicielowi. Ubezpie-
czyciel

ŶŝĞŵĂǁnjĂƐĂĚnjŝĞŽďŽǁŝČnjŬƵďĂĚĂđ͕ĐnjLJŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůũĞƐƚǁųĂƑĐŝĐŝĞůĞŵƉƌnjĞĚƐƚĂǁŝŽŶego

dokumentu (art. 921

11

Αϭk.c.Ϳ͕ĂƐƉĞųŶŝĞŶŝĞƉƌnjĞnjŶŝĞŐŽǁĚŽďƌĞũǁŝĞƌnjĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƵďĞz-

ƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁĞŐŽ ŶĂ ƌnjĞĐnj ƉŽƐŝĂĚĂĐnjĂ ůĞŐŝƚLJŵƵũČĐĞŐŽ ƐŝħĚŽŬƵŵĞŶƚĞŵ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ njǁĂůŶŝĂ

15

ŐŽnjnjŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶŝĂ;Ăƌƚ͘ 921

7

k.c.). W l

ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌnjĞƉƌĞnjĞŶƚŽǁĂŶĞũĞƐƚƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƐŬŽ͕ŝǏ ŽĚǁŽųĂŶŝĞ

ƚĂŬŝĞŐŽ njĂƐƚƌnjĞǏĞŶŝĂ ƉŽǁŝŶŶŽ ŶĂƐƚČƉŝđ nj ũĞĚŶŽĐnjĞƐŶLJŵ njǁƌŽƚĞŵ ƉŽůŝƐLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝeczeniowej
na

ŽŬĂnjŝĐŝĞůĂ͕ ƉŽŶŝĞǁĂǏ ǁ ŝŶŶLJŵ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ ďLJųŽďLJ ƚŽ ƐƉƌnjĞĐnjŶĞ nj ŶĂƚƵƌČ ĚŽŬƵŵĞŶƚſǁ

na okaziciela

15

. Zgodnie z odmiennym

ƉŽŐůČĚĞŵ ǁ ŽĚŶŝĞƐŝĞŶŝƵ ĚŽ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶĂ okazi-

ciela,

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĂũČĐLJůƵďƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶLJŵŽǏĞnjŵŝĞŶŝđƐǁŽũĞƉŽƐƚĂŶŽǁŝĞŶŝĞĐŽĚŽǁyznaczenia

ƵƉŽƐĂǏonego

16

.

WƌŽďůĞŵĂƚLJŬĂŽƐŽďLJƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶĞũĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂǁŝČǏĞƐŝħnjŬǁĞƐƚŝČǁLJƐƚČƉŝĞŶŝĂŽŬƌĞƑůo-

ŶLJĐŚǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝnjǁŝČnjĂŶLJĐŚnj ŽƐŽďČǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĂ͘DŽǏŶĂƚƵƚĂũǁƐŬĂnjĂđŶĂƐƚħƉƵũČĐĞƐLJƚƵĂĐũĞ͗

ƒ ĚųƵǏŶŝŬʹ ǁƐŬƵƚĞŬŽŬŽůŝĐnjŶŽƑĐŝ͕njĂŬƚſƌĞŶŝĞƉŽŶŽƐŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚnjŝĂůŶŽƑĐŝ- nie wie,

kto jest wierzycielem, albo nie zna jego miejsca zamieszkania lub siedziby,

ƒ ǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůŶŝĞŵĂƉĞųŶĞũnjĚŽůŶŽƑĐŝĚŽĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝƉƌĂǁŶLJĐŚĂŶŝƉƌnjĞĚƐƚĂǁŝĐŝĞůĂ

uprawnio

ŶĞŐŽĚŽƉƌnjLJũħĐŝĂƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕

ƒ ƉŽǁƐƚĂųƐƉſƌ͕ŬƚŽũĞƐƚǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĞŵ͕
ƒ wierzyĐŝĞůĚŽƉƵƑĐŝųƐŝħnjǁųŽŬŝ;ĐŽŵĂŵŝĞũƐĐĞǁſǁĐnjĂƐ͕ŐĚLJďĞnjƵnjĂƐĂĚŶŝŽŶĞŐŽƉŽǁŽĚƵ

ǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůďČĚǍƵĐŚLJůŝƐŝħŽĚƉƌnjLJũħĐŝĂnjĂŽĨŝĂƌŽǁĂŶĞŐŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ďČĚǍŽĚŵſǁŝ

ĚŽŬŽŶĂŶŝĂĐnjLJŶŶŽƑĐŝ͕ďĞnjŬƚſƌĞũƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŶŝĞŵŽǏĞďLJđƐƉĞųŶŝŽŶĞďČĚǍŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjLJ

ĚųƵǏŶiŬŽǁŝ͕ǏĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂŶŝĞƉƌnjLJũŵŝĞͿ͕

ƒ z ƉŽǁŽĚƵŝŶŶLJĐŚŽŬŽůŝĐnjŶŽƑĐŝĚŽƚLJĐnjČĐLJĐŚǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĂƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞŶŝĞŵŽǏĞ

ďLJđƐƉĞųŶŝone.

W taki

ĐŚƐLJƚƵĂĐũĂĐŚĚųƵǏŶŝŬʹ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůŵĂƉƌĂǁŽnjųŽǏLJđƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞĚŽ depozytu sČͲ

ĚŽǁĞŐŽ͘tĂǏŶĞnjųŽǏĞŶŝĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂĚŽĚĞƉŽnjLJƚƵƐČĚŽǁĞŐŽŶŝĞƚLJůŬŽŵĂƚĂŬŝĞƐĂŵĞƐŬƵƚŬŝ

ũĂŬƐƉĞųŶŝĞŶŝĞƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ĂůĞŝnjŽďŽǁŝČnjƵũĞǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĂĚŽnjǁƌŽƚƵĚųƵǏŶŝŬŽǁŝŬŽƐnjƚſǁnjųŽǏe-
nia. Oznacza to,

ǁ ƉƌnjLJƉĂĚŬƵ͕ ŐĚLJ njŽďŽǁŝČnjĂŶŝĞ ũĞƐƚ ũƵǏ ǁLJŵĂŐĂůŶĞ͕ ƉƌnjĞƌǁĂŶŝĞ ŶĂůŝĐnjĞŶŝĂ

ŽĚƐĞƚĞŬnjĂnjǁųŽŬħ͘

KnjųŽǏĞŶŝƵƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂĚŽĚĞƉŽnjLJƚƵƐČĚŽǁĞŐŽĚųƵǏŶŝŬƉŽǁŝŶŝĞŶŶŝĞnjǁųŽĐnjŶŝĞ

njĂǁŝĂĚŽŵŝđǁŝĞƌnjLJĐŝĞůĂ͕ĐŚLJďĂǏĞƉŽũĂǁŝĂũČƐŝħƚƌƵĚŶĞĚŽƉƌnjĞnjǁLJĐŝħǏĞŶŝĂƉƌnjĞƐnjŬŽĚLJ͘Ăǁŝa-

ĚŽŵŝĞŶŝĞƉŽǁŝŶŶŽďLJđƉŝƐĞŵŶĞ͘

7. Wnioski

Instytucja osoby uprawnionej do otrzymania sumy ubezpieczenia w umowie ubezpieczenia

na

ǏLJĐŝĞƐƚĂŶŽǁŝŝŵŵĂŶĞŶƚŶČĐĞĐŚħƚĞŐŽƌŽĚnjĂũƵƵŵŽǁLJ͘EĂůĞǏLJũĞĚŶĂŬnjĂƵǁĂǏLJđ͕ǏĞregula-

cja prawna w tym zakresie jest stosunkowa lakoniczna. Ponadto nie jest to problematyka,
ŬƚſƌĂjest szeroko analizowana przez ƉƌnjĞĚƐƚĂǁŝĐŝĞůŝĚŽŬƚƌLJŶLJ͕ƌſǁŶŝĞǏ do tej pory nie jest ona

ƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚĞŵ ŽƌnjĞĐnjĞŷ ƐČĚŽǁLJĐŚ͘ KďĞĐŶŝĞ ŽďŽǁŝČnjƵũČĐĂ ƌĞŐƵůĂĐũĂ ƉƌĂǁŶĂ ƚĞũ ŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝ nja-
wi

ĞƌĂ ƉĞǁŶĞ ŝƐƚŽƚŶĞ ŵĂŶŬĂŵĞŶƚLJ͕ ŬƚſƌĞ ŵŽŐųLJďLJ njŽƐƚĂđ ǁLJĞůŝŵŝŶŽǁĂŶĞ ƉŽƉƌnjĞnj njŵŝĂŶħ

ŽďŽǁŝČnjƵũČĐLJĐŚƉƌnjĞƉŝƐſǁ͘

WŽƉŝĞƌǁƐnjĞǁĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϭŬ͘Đ͘ƵƐƚĂǁŽĚĂǁĐĂƉŽƐųƵǏLJųƐŝħƐĨŽƌŵƵųŽǁĂŶŝĞŵͣƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝe-

ĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕͟ ŬƚſƌĞ ǁ ƉƌĂŬƚLJĐĞ ŵŽǏĞ ďƵĚnjŝđ ǁČƚƉůŝǁŽƑĐŝ͘ KďĞĐŶŝĞ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĞ͕ ƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶŝĞ
w

ƵŵŽǁĂĐŚ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ nj ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝŽǁLJŵ ĨƵŶĚƵƐnjĞŵ ŬĂƉŝƚĂųŽǁLJŵ nj ƚLJƚƵųƵ ƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ

15

M. Drzewicki, Ubezpieczenia gospodarcze,

:ĂŬƚŽƌſǁ ϭϵϵϵ͕ Ɛ͘ ϵϰ-95; A. Tadla, Umowa ubezpieczenia

na

ǏLJĐŝĞ͕ Warszawa 2000, s. 34-35; Z. Brodecki (red.), Prawo o kontraktach w ubezpieczeniach, <ƌĂŬſǁϮϬϬϯ͕

s. 304-305.

16

D͘BŽŚƵƚŬŽ͕ŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌƉƌĂǁŶLJƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŷǁƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂĐŚŽƐŽďŽǁLJĐŚ͕ Prawo asekuracyjne 2003, nr 1;

M. Krajewski, op. cit., s. 291.

16

ubez

ƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽ ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ ǁLJƉųĂƚħ ŝŶŶLJĐŚ ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŷ ŶŝǏ ƐƵŵĂ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ ŶƉ͘ ǁĂƌƚŽƑĐŝ

ƉŽůŝƐLJ͘ tLJĚĂũĞ Ɛŝħ͕ ǏĞ ůĞƉƐnjLJŵ ƌŽnjǁŝČnjĂŶŝĞŵ ďLJųŽďLJ ƉŽƐųƵǏĞŶŝĞ Ɛŝħ ƐĨŽƌŵƵųŽǁĂŶŝĞŵ ͣƵŵſͲ

ǁŝŽŶĂƐƵŵĂƉŝĞŶŝħǏŶĂ͟ůƵďͣƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĞ͕͟ŬƚſƌĞ njĂǁŝĞƌĂĂƌƚ͘ϴϬϱΑ ϮƉŬƚ ϮŬ͘Đ͕͘ŽŬƌĞƑůĂũČĐLJ

ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjLJĐŝĞůĂ w ubezpieczeniach osobowych. tƉƌŽǁĂĚnjĞŶŝĞƉŽǁLJǏƐnjĞũnjŵŝany

ĂŶĂůŽŐŝĐnjŶŝĞǁLJŵĂŐĂųŽďLJnjŵŝĂŶLJĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭΑϯŬ͘Đ͘

Po drugie

ŶĂůĞǏĂųŽďLJƌŽnjǁĂǏLJđnjŵŝĂŶħĂƌƚ͘ϴϯϭ Α 2 Ŭ͘Đ͕͘njŐŽĚŶŝĞnjŬƚſƌLJŵũĞǏĞůŝǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŽ

ŬŝůŬĂŽƐſďƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚĚŽŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂ͕ĂŶŝĞŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶŽƵĚnjŝĂųƵŬĂǏĚĞũ
z

ŶŝĐŚǁƚĞũƐƵŵŝĞ͕ŝĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųLJƐČƌſǁŶĞ͘ ĞůŽǁĞďLJųŽďLJƵƌĞŐƵůŽǁĂŶŝĞǁũĂŬŝƐƉŽƐſďĚŽŬŽŶĂđ

ƉŽĚnjŝĂųƵ ƐƵŵLJ ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝa w ƐLJƚƵĂĐũŝ͕ ǁ ŬƚſƌĞũ ũĞǏĞůŝ ǁƐŬĂnjĂŶŽ ŬŝůŬĂ ŽƐſď ƵƉƌĂǁŶŝŽŶLJĐŚ
do

ŽƚƌnjLJŵĂŶŝĂƐƵŵLJƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂŝŽnjŶĂĐnjŽŶŽŝĐŚƵĚnjŝĂųLJ͕ĂůĞŶŝĞƐƵŵƵũČƐŝħŽŶĞĚŽϭϬϬй.

WŽƚƌnjĞĐŝĞǁƐŬĂnjĂŶĞďLJųŽďLJƵƌĞŐƵůŽǁĂŶŝĞŬǁĞƐƚŝŝƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝĞŶŝĂƐŝħĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjo-

ŶĞŐŽƉƌnjĞnjƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŬƚſƌLJũĞƐƚũĞĚŶŽĐnjĞƑŶŝĞĐnjųŽŶŬŝĞŵŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũƌŽĚnjŝŶLJ͘KďĞĐŶŝĞŽďo-

ǁŝČnjƵũČĐLJ art. 832 Α ϭ Ŭ͘Đ͘ ŽŬƌĞƑůĂ͕ ǏĞ wskazanie uprawnionego do otrzymania sumy

ƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŶŝĂƐƚĂũĞƐŝħďĞnjƐŬƵƚĞĐnjŶĞũĞǏĞůŝƵŵLJƑůŶŝĞƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝųƐŝħĚŽũĞŐŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝ͘tƉƌnjĞƉi-

ƐĂĐŚ ŬŽĚĞŬƐƵ ĐLJǁŝůŶĞŐŽ ŶŝĞ ŵĂ ƌĞŐƵůĂĐũŝ͕ ŽŬƌĞƑůĂũČĐĞũ ŬŽŶƐĞŬǁĞŶĐũĞ ǁ njĂŬƌĞƐŝĞ ƉƌĂǁĂ ĚŽ

ƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂƉƌnjLJĐnjLJŶŝĞŶŝĂƐŝħĚŽƑŵŝĞƌĐŝƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶĞŐŽƉƌnjĞnjƵƉŽƐĂǏŽŶĞŐŽ͕ŬƚſƌLJũĞƐƚũĞd-
nocze

ƑŶŝĞ ĐnjųŽŶŬŝĞŵ ŶĂũďůŝǏƐnjĞũ ƌŽĚnjŝŶLJ͘ t ƉƌĂŬƚLJĐĞ ŶŝĞŬƚſƌnjLJ ubezpieczyciele ƉƌnjĞǁŝĚƵũČ

w

Ž͘ǁ͘Ƶ͕͘ǏĞŽƐŽďŝĞƚĂŬŝĞũŶŝĞƉƌnjLJƐųƵŐƵũĞƉƌĂǁŽĚŽƑǁŝĂĚĐnjĞŶŝĂnjƚLJƚƵųƵnjŐŽŶƵƵďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjŽŶe-

ŐŽ͘ :ĞĚŶĂŬ ƚĂŬŝĞ ƐƚĂŶŽǁŝƐŬŽ͕ ŶŝĞ ǁLJŶŝŬĂ ǁƉƌŽƐƚ nj ƉƌnjĞƉŝƐſǁ ƉƌĂǁĂ ŶŽƌŵƵũČĐLJĐŚ ƵŵŽǁħ
ubezpieczenia a

ŵŽǏĞďLJđƵnjĂƐĂĚŶŝŽŶĞũĞĚLJŶŝĞ ŶĂƉŽĚƐƚĂǁŝĞŽŐſůŶLJĐŚnjĂƐĂĚƉƌĂǁĂĐLJǁŝůŶe-

ŐŽ͕ǁƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶoƑĐŝart. 5 k.c.

dr

DĂŐĚĂůĞŶĂ^njĐnjĞƉĂŷƐŬĂ, Katedra Prawa hďĞnjƉŝĞĐnjĞŷtLJĚnjŝĂųWƌĂǁĂŝĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂĐũŝ

Uniwersytet Warszawski, w

ƐƉſųƉƌĂĐŽǁŶŝŬŬĂŶĐĞůĂƌŝŝƉƌĂǁŶĞũĚĂƐƵŵ

17

Summary of the article

Person entitled to indemnification in life assurance (Beneficiary)

The article is a complex and detailed description of legal regulations concerning person

entitled to indemnification in life assurance. The author defines party entitled to indemnifica-
tion, wh

Ž ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ŝƐ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ĂƐ ďĞŶĞĨŝĐŝĂƌLJ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƚ͛Ɛ ƌŽůĞ

in the insurance relation. Moreover, the following terms

ͣsupplementary beneficiary͟, ͣmain

beneficiary

͟ and ͣadditional beneficiary͟, which are used by the insurers, are discussed

in the text.

In addition, the article contains a description of regulations concerning the way in which

a

ƉĞƌƐŽŶĞŶƚŝƚůĞĚƚŽŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶŝƐŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ͕ĂůƐŽŝŶĐĂƐĞŽĨŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞŽŶĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ͛Ɛ

account. Character and scope of this right was described in details. Another issue which
is raised in the article is a problem appearing in a situation when several people entitled
to indemnification are about to be indicated.

The author discusses also the relation between law of succession and entitlement to in-

demnity resulting from death of the policyholder. Special attention was paid to the problem
connected with a lack of beneficiary. There are two situations which are treated separately,
the situation when beneficiary dies before death of a policyholder and the situation when
a beneficiary deliberately contributes to death of a policyholder.

Another problem mentioned in the text is the right of family of the policyholder to receive

indemnification if there is no beneficiary at the moment of polic

LJŚŽůĚĞƌ͛ƐĚĞĂƚŚ͘

Separate part of the text is devoted to legal regulations concerning a bearer contract

in which right to benefit results from the death of a policyholder.

Current legal regulations concerning a person entitled to indemnification contains some

substantial shortcomings which can be eliminated by proper amendments made according
to the suggestions of the author. Summary of the article includes some de lege ferenda
demands for changes that are needed.