317

Index Term

Links

Acceleration, 221-234

Accelerometer,

capacitive, 223

flex-beam, 223

232

micromachined, 227-232

piezoelectric, compression mode,

233

piezoelectric, shear mode,

233

234

Q, 224-226

Active filters, see Filters

Ac waveforms,

11

12 265-269

Aliasing, 283-286

Amplifier

antilog, 63-64

charge, 204

difference, 47

differential, 38

frequency response,

49-56

instrumentation, 59

inverting,

44 50 52 53

log, 62-63

noninverting, 39

op-amp, 38

phase response,

50-54

summing, 48

Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter,

dual-slope, 253-256

flash, 258-260

multislope, 256-258

successive-approximation, 244-247

tracking, 247-248

voltage-to-frequency (V/F),

248-253

Antilog amplifier,

63-64

Average-rectified,

265 267 268 269 271 272

Branch analysis,

7

8

Bridge circuits

ac, 32

capacitance, 33

dc, 27

Hay, 36

inductance, 34

318

Index Term

Links

Maxwell, 34

Schering, 35

sensitivity, 30

strain

gage,

186 187 188 189

Buffer, 57

Butterworth filter,

110-117

Capacitors, 13-15

Charge amplifier,

204

Chebyshev filter,

111-117

Complex numbers,

17-18

Crest factor,

273

276

Current measurement,

260-261

Current source,

64

Current-to-Voltage conversion,

65-66

Data acquisition,

cards, 288-289

sampling for,

283

software, 290-291

systems, 293-315

Differential amplifier,

38

Differentiator circuit,

68-70

Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter,

240-244

Diode

as a light sensor,

162-168

as a temperature sensor,

152-155

current-voltage

characteristic,

152 155 163 164 166

Displacement sensor,

210-214

Energy

gap,

124 159 161

Filters

active band-pass,

113-117

active low-pass,

107-117

active high-pass,

113

band-pass RC,

99-101

band-stop RC,

101-103

Butterworth, 110-117

cascaded low-pass RC,

104

Chebyshev, 111-117

high-pass RC,

98-99

low-pass RC,

94-96

low-pass RL,

96-98

319

Index Term

Links

low-pass RLC,

105-107

multiple-feedback (MFB),

119

Sallen-Key, 107

108

Fluxgate magnetometer,

175-178

Form factor,

269-271

Fourier series,

11

Gain

closed-loop, 40

45

complex representation,

53

frequency response,

50-55

open-loop, 38

GPIB bus,

294-310

controller, 294

handshake, 296-299

interrupts, 301-303

organization, 295

serial poll,

303-304

software, 306-310

status register,

301-303

talk and listen,

299-301

Hall effect,

172-174

Hay bridge,

36

IEEE 488 bus, see GPIB bus

Impedance, 16

18-24

of quartz crystal,

89

Inductors, 15-16

Input resistance,

40

46

Instrumentation amplifier,

59-61

Instrumentation systems,

GPIB, 294-310

PXI, 310-313

VXI, 313-315

Integrator circuit,

66-68

Inverting amplifier

closed-loop gain,

45

input resistance,

45

46

output resistance,

46

47

Kirchhoff's laws,

7

8

LabVIEW, 307-309

Law of intermediate metals,

151

320

Index Term

Links

Light sensors,

159-169

Log amplifier,

62-63

Loop analysis,

9

LVDT displacement sensor,

210-214

Magnetic sensors,

172-179

Maxwell bridge,

34

Micromachined sensors,

227-232

Multiplexer, 287-288

Noninverting amplifier,

39

closed-loop gain,

40

input resistance,

40

output resistance,

42

Nyquist, 286

Operational amplifier (op-amp),

38

Optical encoder,

217-218

Oscillators

555 timer,

83-85

crystal, 88-90

phase-shift, 79-80

relaxation, 81

sawtooth, 86-88

Wien-bridge, 74-79

Output resistance,

42

47

Phase response,

50-54

Phase-shift oscillator,

79

Photoconductive sensors,

159-162

Photodiode, 162-169

interface circuits,

167

168

sensitivity, 165

speed, 165

166

Photon,

157 158 159

Piezoelectric,

accelerometers, 231-234

effect, 201-206

Piezoresistivity, 189-191

196-198

Pressure, 195

196

piezoelectric sensor,

201-206

piezoresistive sensor,

196-201

PSpice

circuits,

68 69 71 77 80 81 83

85 87 89 90 95 96

100

321

Index Term

Links

102 104 106 155 204 249 251

252

PXI, 313-315

R-2R ladder,

240

RMS, see Root-Mean-Squared

Relaxation oscillator,

81

Resistance measurement,

261-262

Resistance temperature detectors (RTD), 145-147

Resistors, 13

Resolver, 214-217

Root-Mean-Squared (rms),

265

267 269-272

estimated, 269-272

thermal method,

273-274

true, 272-277

Rotation, 214-219

optical encoder,

217

218

resolver, 214-219

Sallen-Key filter,

107

108

Sample-and-hold (S/H),

279-282

aperture-delay time,

281

settling time,

282

Sampling theorem,

286

Sawtooth oscillator,

86

Schering bridge,

35

Schmitt trigger,

249

250

Signal conditioning,

289-290

Strain, 181-184

Strain gage,

184-191

full bridge,

189

gage factor,

185

half bridge,

187

188

metal film,

185

186

piezoresistive, 189-191

quarter bridge,

186

187

Temperature sensing diode,

152-155

Thermistor, 124-145

linearization of response,

137-145

self-heating, 129-132

semiconductor theory,

124-127

sensitivity,

127-129 139 144

322

Index Term

Links

time constant,

131

Thermocouple, 147-152

single probe,

150-152

types, 149

150

Voltage-to-Current conversion,

64-65

Voltage-to-Frequency conversion,

248-253

VXI, 310-313

Waveforms,

ac, 11

12

265-269

differentiator, 70

integrator, 68

Wheatstone bridge,

28

199

Wien-bridge oscillator,

74