TERMODYNAMIKA
GAZ DOSKONAA
Y
"U
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
PV = nRT = 0 dw = -PzdV
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚
"V
T
"U "H
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚ ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
H = U + PV = CV = CP CP - CV = R
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚ ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚ íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚
"T "T
P
V
I-sza ZASADA TERMODYNAMIKI
V2
dU = ´q + ´w dU = TdS - PdV "U = q - PdV "U = q + w
+"
V1
P = const : w = -Pz"V "H = "U + P Å" "V QP = QV + P Å" "V "H = "U + "½RT
V2
T = const : "U = 0 "H = 0 q + w = 0 PV = const w =-nRT ln
V1
V = const : w = 0 "U = q
1-º
º
Adiabata : q = 0 "U = w PVº = const TVº -1 = const TP = const
PRAWO HESSA
"H0 =
""H0 (prod.)i - ""H0 (subst.)
tw. tw. j
i j
"H0 =
""H0 (subst.) - ""H0 (prod.)i
sp. j sp.
j i
RÓWNANIA KIRCHHOFFA
T2
îÅ‚" "H Å‚Å‚
( )= "CP ( )2 ( )1 +"
"H = "H + "CPdT
ïÅ‚ śł
"T
ðÅ‚ ûÅ‚P
T1
T2
îÅ‚" "U Å‚Å‚
( )= "CV
"U = "U + "CVdT
( )2 ( )1 +"
ïÅ‚ śł
"T
ðÅ‚ ûÅ‚V
T1
II-ga ZASADA TERMODYNAMIKI
dS e" 0
( )u,v
TdS = ´qodw.
"S P
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
U = U(S,V) dU = TdS - PdV =
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚
"V T
T
"S V
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
H = H(S,P) dH = TdS + VdP =-
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚
"P T
T
T2 P2
"S = Cp ln - R ln
T1 P1
G = H - TS F = U - TS
"G "G
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚ ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
G = G(T,P) dG = -SdT + VdP = V =
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚ ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚ -S
"P "T
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚T íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚P
"F "F
ëÅ‚ öÅ‚ ëÅ‚ öÅ‚
F = F(T, V) dF = -SdT - PdV = -P = -S
ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚ ìÅ‚ ÷Å‚
"V "T
íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚T íÅ‚ Å‚Å‚V
dG d" 0 dF d" 0
( )P,T ( )VT
,
RÓWNANIE CLAPEYRONA
dP "S dP "H
dln P "H d ln P "H
= =
= = -
dT "V dT T Å" "V dT RT2 d(1/ T) R
"H
ln P = - + const
RT
© wg 2002/2003