CD 36 Medical First Aid
Anatomy / Physiology
A large dose of muscle relaxing medicaments can cause respiratory problems due to the reduced activity in the abdominal muscles
+ True
The respiration system is above all reacting to the carbon dioxide in the blood
+ True
The main task of the blood is to transport oxygen to body cells
+ True
Breathing is controlled by the respiratory centre in the brain
+ True
The red blood cells are responsible for the transportation of oxygen
+ True
Expiration is mainly caused by muscle activity of the Diaphragm
+ True
We have 3 circulatory system for blood transportation
+ False
Oxygen is transported to the body by blood vessels called veins
+ False
General first aid
A patient who breaths will always have pulse
+ True
A sudden fall in blood pressure does not normal lead to circulation failure
+ False
Cardiac arrest leads to circulation failure
+ True
You should terminate resuscitation after 15 minutes
+ False
Normal rate of pulse in a healthy about 2-3 beats per second
+ False
Cardiac arrest will always lead to unconsciousness
+ True
If you are an able to give a patient with an increased circulation failure due to bleeding intravenous treatment, the should promptly to given plenty to drink to replace lost fluid
+ False
Bleeding will always occur together with a fracture
+ True
An internal abdominal bleeding is not dangerous as it will stop bleeding by itself due to the increased pressure in the abdomen
+ False
When performing G-P-R it is advisable to elevate the patients legs to secure sufficient blood to the chest and head
+ True
Respiration while resting is normal if the frequency increases to more than 20 ventilations per minute
+ False
Internal bleeding will never lead to circulation failure
+ False
A limb an external bleeding should be lowered to maintain circulation in order to supply the cells with oxygen and prevent cell death.
+ False
Shock and circulation failure are equivalent
+ True
A patient who is shouting has open airways
+ True
Most adults will endure a loss of blood of 1 litre
+ True
The walls in the blood vessels are completely resistant to diffusion.
+ False
Abdominal thrust is applied to remove foreign objects in the airway.
+ True
Fractals and tendon-muscle-joint injuries
The motor function and circulation distal to the fracture should always be controlled.
+ True.
I-C-E treatment has no effect if postponed more than 4 hours after the injury took place.
+ False.
Cooling has no pain analgesic effect on a fracture.
+ False
To render correct first aid one should be certain that there is a fracture before treating the patient.
+ False.
The main goal by splinting is to render a pulling strain on the fractured bone ends, to prevent them from touching each other.
+ False.
There is at least 4 distinct signs of fracture.
+ True.
It may be difficult to tell if there are a fracture or a sprain.
+ True.
Visible shortening of a limb is not necessarily a sign of a fracture.
+ False.
A good splint should prevent adequate blood circulation and compress nerves so the casualty not will feel any pain.
+ False.
Head, neck, back
A fractured spine will always imply unconsciousness.
+ False.
Some of the symptoms of concussion are: headache, amnesia, brief unconsciousness, sickness and vomiting.
+ True.
Treating a injury obtained by falling, it is of importance to check the motor function in the extremities.
+ True.
Symptoms of serious head injury are unconsciousness, low pulse rate and high blood pressure.
+ True.
A person suffering from a moderate to hard blow to the head should always be under close observation in the early hours after the accident, considering possible development of edeme in the head.
+ True.
Damage to the spinal cord will always give immediate neurological malfunction.
+ True.
A heamathoma ( Black eye) can be caused by head injury.
+ True.
A spine / neck injury will always have priority to every other injury due to the risk of paralysis.
+ False.
It is the increased pressure in the head that is fatal, not the bleeding itself.
+ True.
An unconscious patient suffering from a major spine injury should not be placed in recovery position as this may increase the damage and lead to paralysis.
+ False.
Head injury will lead to circulation failure.
+ False.
Poisoning.
Flush away any residual chemical on the skin with plenty of cold water. Be sure that the water don't flush away from the casualty's body.
+ False.
Spillage of corrosive chemicals is poisonous and can also result in burns.
+ True.
If a person is bitten by a snake, you should ask the person to hold the bitten body part in as hot water as possible,(without getting scalted), since the snake poison contains a lot of albumin and then will coagulate.
+ True.
Food poisoning may be caused by eating food that is contaminated by bacteria or by toxins produced by bacteria that were already in the food.
+ True.
When an ambulance or more qualified personnel arrives at the scene, there is no need to tell about the poisonous chemicals inhaled since they will find out them selves.
+ False.
Your aims are to maintain the airway breathing and circulation to remove any contaminated clothing, to identify the poison and to obtain medical aid.
+ True.
There is nothing more you can do to prevent food poisoning than ensure that frozen poultry and meat is fully defrosted before it is cooked. Cook meat poultry, fish, and eggs thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria. Never keep food lukewarm for long periods; bacteria can multiply without obvious signs of spoilage.
+ False.
When we deal with a food poisoning your aims are to encourage the casualty to rest, to seek medical advice or aid, and to give the casualty plenty of bland fluids to drink.
+ True.
You should always wash your hands before preparing food. Wear protective gloves or waterproof plasters it you have cuts on your hands.
+ True.
Oxygen treatment.
All fires will burn easier and faster in oxygen rich environment. Therefore, do not use oxygen bottles near open fire. Smoking is not allowed.
+ True.
You should not supply oxygen when resuscitating, as this will only disturb the treatment. It is however important to do so immediately after the resuscitation has ended.
+ False.
If a person is bitten by a poisonous snake you should not give oxygen since the oxygen will make the poison work faster.
+ False.
You should only use double nose catheters when treating two patients on one oxygen bottle.
+ False.
Grease and oil must never be used in connection with oxygen bottles, couplings and valves.
+ True.
Oxygen treatment is most important with injury to the head / neck / spine.
+ True.
Oxygen bottles should be handled by care and should be removed if they are exposed to heat.
+ True.
Burns, chemical and electrical injures.
A casualty with burns has less need for fluid.
+ False.
To protect a burn injury we should never remove the patients clothing.
+ False.
The respiration system of a person suffering from flame burns is very exposed to damage.
+ True.
The position and direction of entry and exit wounds will alert you to the likely extent of hidden injury, and to the degree of shock that may ensue.
+ True.
When there is an electrical burn there is a great danger of internal injuries.
+ True.
A chemical burn from fluid must be bandaged firmly to prevent fluid from covering greater part of the skin.
+ False.
Cooling of a third degree burn should be terminated after 15 minutes.
+ False.
A patient with a major burn is liable to develop circulation failure.
+ True.
Effects of extreme temperatures.
A seriously hypothermic patient should as soon as possible be placed in a warm bath ( >50*C) to regain normal body heat.
+ False.
Heat cramps seldom occurs after excessive sweating precipitated by strenuous exercise.
+ False.
Moderate and deep hypothermia cause very unstable condition, and the patient must be inactivated and treated very carefully.
+ True.
When dealing with a heat stoke your aims are to lower the casualty's body temperature as quickly as possible, and to arrange removal of the casualty to hospital.
+ True.
If a patient have heat exhaustion, the symptoms are weakness, vertigo, headache and nausea. Initially the skin is cool and clammy.
+ True.
You can threat a person with heat exhaustion by giving him NaCl.
+ True.
The brain of hypothermic patient will consume less oxygen than usual.
+ True.
A person under influence of alcohol will suffer from frost injures quicker than a sober person.
+ True.
Heat-stroke can occur suddenly, causing unconsciousness within minutes. This may be signaled by the casualty feeling uneasy and ill.
+ True.
Minor injuries.
None of the tissue cells will die, only be damaged when the casualty has a crush injury.
+ False.
What is the most serious damage to the tissue concerning damage by pressure ?
+ Increasing pressure and developing edema.
Any major bleeding must be stopped before treating a wound.
+ True.
Do not touch anything that is sticking to, or embedded in, the eyeball, or over the colored part of the eye, when treating a person with a foreign body in the eye.
+ True.
When measuring the blood pressure, that should you concentrate on ?
+ The development of the blood pressure.
What is the most important treatment concerning a foreign body in the eye ?
+ Rinsing of the eye.
If there are signs of tendon damage, the tendon must be sutured by a surgeon before closing the wound. If so, put on a dressing until qualified treatment can be done.
+ True.