26 marzec 2006
MEDICAL FIRST AID
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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1. Pyt. Expiration is mainly caused by muscle activity of the Diaprhragm.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. Breathing is controlled by the respiratory centre in the brain.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. A large dose of muscle relaxing medicaments can cause respiratory problems due to the
reduced activity in the abdominal muscles.
A Odp. True.
4. Pyt. The main task of the blood is to transport oxygen to body cels.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. The red blood cells are responsible for the transportation of oxygen.
A Odp. True.
6. Pyt. Oxygen is transported to the body by blood vessels called veins.
B.Odp. False.
7. Pyt. The respiration system is above all reacting to the carbon dioxide in the blood.
A Odp. True.
8. Pyt. We have 3 circulatory systems for blood transportation.
B Odp. False.
GENERAL FIRST AID
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1. Pyt. Normal rate of pulse in a healthy adult is about 2-3 beats per second.
B Odp. False.
2. Pyt. A patient who is shouting has open airways.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. Bleeding will always occur together with a fracture.
A Odp. True.
4. Pyt. Cardiac arrest will always lead to unconsciousness.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. Cardiac arrest leads to circulation failure.
A Odp. True.
6. Pyt. A limb with an external bleeding should be lowered to maintain circulation in order to
supply the cells with oxygen and prevent cell death.
B Odp. False.
7. Pyt. An internal abdominal bleeding is not dangerous as it will stop blleding by it self due to
the increased pressure in the abdomen.
B Odp. False.
8. Pyt. If you areunable to give a patient with an increased circulation failure due to bleeding,
intravenous treatment,he should promtly be given plenty to drink to replace lost fluid.
B Odp. False.
9. Pyt. Most adults will endure a loss of blod of 1 litre.
A Odp. True.
10. Pyt. The walls in the blood vessels are completely resistant to diffusiom.
B Odp. False.
11. Pyt. Respiration while resting is normal if the frequency increasses to more than 20
ventilations per minute.
B Odp. False.
12. Pyt. When performing C-P-R it advisable to elevate yhe patiens legs to secure sufficient
blood to the chest and head.
A Odp. True.
13. Pyt. Abdominal thrust is applied to remove foreign objects in the airway.
A Odp. True.
14. Pyt. Internal bleeding will never lead to circulation failure.
B Odp. False
15. Pyt. A sudden fall in blood pressure does not normaly lead to circulation failure.
B Odp. False.
16. Pyt. A patient who breaths will always have pulse.
A Odp. True.
17. Pyt. You should terminate resuscitation after 15 minutes.
B Odp. False.
18. Pyt. If you are unable to give a patient with an increased circulation failure due to bleeding,
he should promtly be given plenty to drink to replace lost fluid.
B Odp. False.
FRACTALS AND TENDOM-MUSCLE-JOINT INJURIES
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1. Pyt. The motor function and circulation distal to the fracture should always be controlled.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. I-C-E treatment has no effect if postponed more than 4h after the injury took place.
B Odp. False.
3. Pyt. A good splint should prevent adequate blood circulation and comppress narves so the casualty
not will feel any pain.
B Odp. False.
4. Pyt. It may be difficuld to tell there are a fracture or a sprain.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. Visible shortening of a limb is not necessarily a sign of a fracture.
B Odp. False.
6. Pyt. To render correct first aid one should be certain that there is a fracture before treating the patient.
B Odp. False.
7. Pyt. Cooling has no pain analgesic effect on a fracture.
B Odp. False.
8. Pyt, The main goal by splinting is to render a pulling strain on the fractured bone ends,to prevent
them from touching each other.
B Odp. False.
9, Pyt. There is at least 4 distinct signs of fracture.
A Odp. True.
HEAD,NECK,BACK AND CHEST INJURIES
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1. Pyt. Some of the symptoms of concussion are;headache,amnesia,brief unconciousness,sickness
and vomiting.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. Damage to the spinal cord will always give immediate neurological malfunction.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. A spine/neck injury will always have priority to every other injury due to the risk of paralisys.
B Odp. False.
4. Pyt. Symptoms of serious head injury are unconsciousness,low pulse rate and high blood pressure.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. Treating a injury obtained by falling,it is of great importance to check the motor function in the
extremeties.
A Odp. True.
6. Pyt. An uncoscious patient suffering from a major spine injury should not be placed in recovery
position as this may increase yhe damage and lead to paralisis.
B Odp. False.
7. Pyt. It is the increased pressure in the head that is fatal,not the bleeding it self.
A Odp. True.
8. Pyt. Head injury will leadto circulation failure.
B Odp. False.
9. Pyt. A person suffering from a moderate to hard blow to the head should always be under close
obserwation in the early hours after the accident,considering possible development of edeme in
the haad.
A Odp. True.
10. Pyt. A fractured spine will always imply unconsciousness.
B Odp. False.
11. Pyt. A heamathoma ( black eye ) can be caused by head injury.
A Odp. True.
POISONING
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1. Pyt. Your ims are to maintain the airway,breathing and circulation,to remove any contaminated
clothing,to identify yhe poison and to obtain medical aid.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. If a person is bitten by a smoke,you should ask the person to hold the bitten body part in as hot
water as possible (without getting scalded ),since the snake poison contains a lot of albumin and
then will coagulate.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. Spilage of corrosive chemicals is poisonous and can also result in burms.
A Odp. True.
4. Pyt. Food poisoning may be caused by eating food that is contaminated by bacteria or by toxins
produced by bacteria that were already in the food.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. When we deal with a food poisoning your aims are to encourage the casualty to rest,to seek
medical advice or aid,and to give the casualty plenty of bland fluids to drink.
A Odp. True.
6. Pyt. You should always wash your hands before preparing food.Wear protective gloves or
waterproof plasters if you have cuts on your hands.
A Odp. True.
7. Pyt. When an ambulance or more qualified personnel arrives at the scene,there is no need to tell
them about the poisonous chemicals inhaled since they will find out them selves.
B Odp. False.
8. Pyt. There is nothing more you can do to prevent food poisoning than ensere that frozen poultry and meat is fully defrosted before is it cooked.Cook meat,poultry,fich,and eggs throughly to kill harmful bacteria.Never keep food lukewarm for long periods;bacteria can multiply without obvious sign of spollage.
B Odp. False.
9. Pyt. Flush away any residual chemical on the skin with plenty of could water.Be sure that the water
dont flush away from the casualtys body.
B Odp. False.
OXYGEN TREATMENT
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1. Pyt. Oxygen bottles should be handled by care and should be removed if they are exposed to heat.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. Oxygen treatment is most important with injury to the head/neck/spine.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. If a person is bitten by a poisonous snake you should not give oxygen since the oxygen will
make the poison work faster.
B Odp. False.
3. Pyt. All fires will burm easier and faster in oxygen rich environment.Therefore,do not use oxygen bootles near open fire.Smoking is not allowed.
A Odp. True.
4. Pyt. You should not supply oxygen when resuscitating,as this will only distyrb the treatment.It is
however important to do so immediately after the resuscitation has ended.
B Odp. False.
6. Pyt. Grease and oil must never be used in connection with oxygen bottles,couplings and valves.
A Odp. True.
7. Pyt. You should only use double nose catheters when treating two patients on one oxygen bottle.
B Odp. False.
BURNS,CHEMICAL AND ELECTRICAL INJURIES
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1. Pyt. The respiration system of a person suffering from flame burns is very exposed to damage.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. To protect a burm injury we should never remove the patients clothing.
B Odp. False.
3. Pyt. A casualty with burns has less need for fluid.
B Odp. False.
4. Pyt. The position and direction of entry and exit wounds will alert you to the likely extent of hidden
injury,and to the degree of shock that may ensue.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. Cooling of a third degree burn should be terminated after 15 minutes.
B Odp. False.
6. Pyt. When there is an electrical burn there is a great danger of internal injuries.
A Odp. True.
7. Pyt. A patient with a major burn is liable to develop circulation failure.
A Odp. True.
8. Pyt. A chemical burn from fluid must be bandaged firmly to prevent fluid from covering greater parts
of the skin.
B Odp. False.
EFFECTS OF EXTREME TEMPERATURES
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1. Pyt. A seriously hypothermic patient should as soon as possible be placed in a warm bath (>50st.C)
to regain normal body heat.
B Odp. False.
2. Pyt. You can threat a person with heat exhaustion by giving him NaCl.
A Odp. True.
3. Pyt. The brain of hypothermic patients will consume less oxygen than usual.
A Odp. True.
4. Pyt. Moderete and deep hypothermiacause very unstable condition,and the patient must be
inactivated and treated very carefully.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. Heat-stroke can occur suddenly,causing unconsciousness withim minutes.This may be signalled
by the casualty feeling uneasy and ill
A Odp. True.
6. Pyt. When dealing with a heat stroke your aims are to lower the casualtys body temperature as
quickly as possible,and to arrange removal of the casualty to hospital.
A Odp. True.
7. Pyt. If a patient have heat exhaustion,the symptoms are weakness,vertigo,headache and nausea.
Initially the skin is cool and clammy.
A Odp. True.
8. Pyt. Heat cramps seldom occurs after excessive sweating precipitated by strenous excersise.
B Odp. False.
9. Pyt. A person under influence of alcohol will suffer from frost injuries quicker than a sober person.
A Odp. True.
MINOR INJURIES
------------------------
1. Pyt. Any major bleeding must be stopped before treatinga wound.
A Odp. True.
2. Pyt. What is the most important treatment concerning a foreign body in the eye.
A Odp. Rinsing of the eye.
3. Pyt. When measuring the blood pressure,what should you concecrate on.
C Odp. The development of the blood pressure.
4. Pyt. Do not touch anything that is sticking to,or embedded in,theeyeball,or over the coloured part of
the eye,when treating a person with a foreign body in the eye.
A Odp. True.
5. Pyt. What is the most serious damage to the tissue concerning damage by pressure?
C Odp. Increasing pressure and developing edeme.
6. Pyt. None of the tissue cells will die,only be damaged when the casualty has a crush injury.
B Odp. False.
7. Pyt. If there are signs of tendon damage,the tendon must be sutured by a surgeon before closing
the wound.If so,put on a dressing untli qualifiedtreatment can be done.
A Odp. True