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MIKOŁAJ MADUROWICZ

unaccomplishment of an action in the defined time and place, related to the absence or the excess of sensations. However, on the basis of such working definition of a need and on the groundwork of travellers’ exemplary needs or departure motives, are we entitled to decide who is a tourist? And what tourist is he? In addition, can we assume it a priori toward eveiy futurę survey? Does the rangę of tourists’ motivations and behaviours (in a city, for example) allow to answer the questions: what prevails: the desire to leave the place of residence or the desire to visit another/new one? Or maybe the desire to prove oneself?... the need to confront one’s values?... the behavioural stereotype?... the escape from one’s habits? does an incidental tourist exist (the capacious categoiy “others / remaining” is after all insufficient)? (Cohen, 1979; Shaw, Williams, 2004).

Then who can be ranked among the tourists in a big city? This group is probably exceptional. Firstly, a big city refers not only to a certain spatial scalę. The personality of people residing in a city depends to some extend on its character. Its community is extremely heterogenic and that makes the identification or the recording of the unambiguous groups relatively difficult. Besides, according to D. MacCannell (2005), in a big city tourists want to distinguish themselves from the crowd of other tourists, they do not want to be identified with the other newcomers. Secondly, tourists as a group miting a big city very often elude research. In this case researchers should rather consider where to investigate instead of whom to register and to analyse. Thirdly, can an inhabitant feel as a tourist in his own city? Intermediate stadia between the isolation of newcomers and the fuli integration are sometimes quite graduated. Fourthly, maybe the touristic preparation and the knowledge about the city should be taken into consideration during the classification. An inhabitant usually knows morę about his own city than a newcomer, however there are newcomers who know incomparably morę about a visited city than its natives. Fifthly, inhabitants can use the infrastructure originally designed for touristic purpose, or so qualified by the specialists, to the-same extend than tourists would do. At last, some behaviours of the heterogenic metropolitan population provoke to formulate morę or less unambiguous remarks:

-    morę often an inhabitant behaves in his own city in a way a tourist used to behave;

-    the partition into tourists and non-tourists, inhabitants and non-inhabitants blurs in a big city;

-    the inhabitants of a given city (among the others) fali into the “non-tourist” categoiy,