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HISTORIA - WYKŁAD - 01.12.2011

CRISIS JAMES I v» COMMONS

1621 - Marnage of James ls jon to Sparssh infant (girl was Catholic -Hoi*e of Commons feared). ParUament opposed with a peOtion;

•    Their prnnleges were not the gift cf the Crown. biA of the English people

•    Mamages were proper issues to discuss

•    Freedom of speech But peObon didnt help

James I as a man was mteilectual and leamt mdnndual. Ciitural flounshmg eontmued under Iss reign. He was Patron of Arts. invited Dutch pamters (Antony van Dykę).

King James ls Bibie - 1611 - masterpieee of Engbsh pros*

CHARLES I (1625-49) - James ls son

9!

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Me also believed m Dmme Right His ambttion: absolute power He was unpop Jar His wife Hennetta Mana was Catholic He kmd of liked Catholics People felt he is too close to Catholicism

1629-40 - Charles I riied the country without a Parł lament but they sbll had a right to freedom of speec h.

*11 years of tyranny" - many Ulegał taxe* were introduced - Every person with land worth over 40 pounds to be knighted (then you had to pay a tax). tf they didn t want to. they had to pay fines

•    Piaush for Roman Catholics

•    Introduced ship money - traditionally it was paid only dcnng the war)

Misteka: attempt to impose Anglicanism on Scotland. Anchbishop of Canterbury William Laud tried to impose the Scottłsh Klrk (narzucać) bishops and prayer book. Scotbsh had no hierarchy in chureh (Presbytenans) They saw it as a threat to their national reiigion.

BISHOPS WAR

1)    First • 1639

2)    Second 1640

Charles I coiJdnt get help from partiament duing war. Me was able to put together onły a smali u>expeneoced army. He agreed to accept Scot&sh poltocal freedom. He also agreed to pay them money so they retirned home - but he didn t have the money Therefore he needed a parliament

THE ENGUSH CML WAR <1642-49)

James and Parliament quarrelled who sho Jd control the army agamst Ireland. They were afraid that Charles wanted to control the army because he was planmng to use the army agamst parliament They co Jdn t trust him. he favoured Catholic chuch.

1642 - mistake James tned to arrest 5 MPs -> by ths he proved he coiidn t be trusted

Civil War broke out - The Purltan Revolutlon.

Charles moved to Nottingham (London locked its gates) and gathered an army.

Two opposmg fractions

a)    The Royalists - Cayaliers

b)    Parliamentanans - Roundheads

Inibally King was successfii. fdgehlll 1642.

Then two fractions fairly matched (dosyć sie wyrównały) so they started to look for help outside England

a)    King ♦ Irtsh (Roman Catholics)

b)    Parliament + Scotbsh Presbytenans - they promised to adopt Presbyterian religion in England

Parliament Thomas Falrfax, Olhrer Cromwell (New Model Army • first regular forte). They couid raise taxes

1644    - royalists defeated in Marston Moor crushed at Naseby

1645    - end. Charles I surendered to the Scots. Scots started negobabons wrth Parliament

1646    - Charles I was treacherous. In the meanbme he started negobabons with Scoths They deoded to conspire with Charles agamst England

Second Clvll War 1647 - Charles l defeated by Olrver Cromwell at Preston and Warrington.