4831622866

4831622866



A calibrated biochronological scalę of the Early Eoccne localities is proposed on the basis of the systematical and phylogenetical study of these different species. Eight levels with significantly different numerical ages are thus distinguished and characterizcd only on the basis of the evolutionary stages observed in the different lineages. These lcvels (localities) are, from the oldest to the youngest: Silveirinha, Fordones-Palette, Dormaal, Mutigny, Conde-en-Brie, Avenay, Saint-Agnan, and Prćmontrć-Grauves. The position of Condć-en-Brie and Prćrnonire is notably discussed as well as that of peri-mesogean localities with regard to those from Northern Europę.

The intra-continental and, to a lesscr extent, inter-contincntal palaeobiogeograpliical context is analyzed in this phylogenetical, systematical and biochronological framework. Three faunal exchangc events, occuring "around" the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and involving Asia, Europę and North America, are distinguished and thoroughly described. Based on the available chronostratigraphical data, these three faunal exchange events can be dated at about 56,5, 56, and 55,5 M.a. A fourth phase, strictly european (North-South exchanges), possibly occured between the MP 8-9 and MP 10 reference levels (ca. 51 M.a.).

INTRODUCTION

Le present mćmoire a pour objet la rćvision systematique des Rongeurs (Rodentia, Mammalia) fossiles de 1’Eocene infćrieur et moyen d’Europe occidentale. Ii intervient trente ans apres les premieres syntheses relatives, d’une part aux Rongeurs (Paramyidae) de 1’Eocene infćrieur d’Europe (Michaux 1968), d’autre part au debut de la radiation adaptative des Theridomyidae, a 1’Eocene moyen (Hartenbcrger, 1968).

Depuis cctte datę, une grandę quantite de matćriel nouveau a ćte recoltee, dans le Bassin Parisien, le Sud de la France et la Peninsulc Iberique notamment (voir, pour 1’Eocene infćrieur: Cappetta et al. 1968, Hartenberger 1971a, 1975, 1993, 1995, Godinot 1981, Godinot et al. 1987, Marandat 1986, 1989, 1991, Estravfs 1992, 1994; pour 1’Eocene moyen: Hooker 1986, Crochet et al. 1988, Pelaez-Campomanes et al. 1989, Hartenberger 1990, Sudre et al. 1990, Legendre et al. 1992, Marandat et al. 1993, Pelaez-Campomanes 1995, Escarguel 1998a). L’accumulation de ces donnćes nouvelles, dont une partie restait inedite, justifiait k elle seule ce travail monographique, realise au Laboratoire de Paleontologie de 1’Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Universitć de Montpellier II) dans le cadre d’une these de Doctorat placee sous la direction de MM. Jacques Michaux et Jean-Louis Hartenberger (Escarguel 1998b).

Notre etude repose principalement sur:

— la rćvision du materiel provenant des localites (Bassin Parisien) de Pourcy, Mutigny, Avenay, Conde-en-Brie, des gisements classiques des Sables k Unios et Teredines (Grauves, Cuis...), ainsi que de la "faunę ageienne" (Lemoine 1891; v. Teilhard de Chardin, 1922, 1927, Wood 1962). Ce matćriel, initialcment ćtudie par Michaux (1964b, 1968, Louis et Michaux 1962) et Hartenberger (1971a, 1975), est ici complćtć par les importantes collections dćposćes en 1991 par Monsieur PieiTe Louis au Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris - collections nommćes M.N.H.N.-Louis dans ce travail;

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