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detailed scalę (Kozłowska —Szczęsna, ęd. 1986). as well. The,atlas, is based^on^theJ ' detailed studies of the optimum conditions for work and rest of man concentrateB irT numerous resorts (Kozłowska —Szczęsna, ed. 1981, 1985: Krawczyk 1985; Błażejczyk 1983). The investigations on the productivity of the forest and meadow ecosystemgSrefóe been carried out m the nation-wide scalę under the supervision of A. Breymeycr*(see above).

APPLIED ASPECTS OF THE*STUDIES OF THE F.NYIRONMENT i

Although the problems of the forecast of the environmental chańges^r'Will*ije emphasized in 1986- 1990, numerous investigations in the detailed, rcgional as well in the nation-wide scales have dealt with applied and forecast aspeets.

rccrcation and tounsm and providing the proposal for the rational utilization of this region (Kostrowicki, ed. 1987). Simultaneously, the studies are carried oufTn^the

The most prominent among thesc works arc those of the group of A. S. Kostrowić which concentrated on the eva!uation of the environmcntal rcsourccs, determination^óf, the human impact and recommendations for the most rational utilization of thesc regions, the latter being frequently the areas of the conflicting dcvclopment óf varióus branchcs of the cconomy. The monograph of the surrounding of the Wigry Lakę haś been elaborated recognizing the conditions for the dcvelopmcnt of forestry, agriculture*

• urbanized suburb-areas of Warsaw (Łomianki district) as well as in the agriculułral -industrial region of Pińczów where. after approximatcly 25 years sińce the first suryey the changcs in the elements of the environment and in the pattern of land use arc being registered.

Ali the claborations of the generał map are of the applied naturę, indicatingeitner the direction of the transformations (the studies of the ccosystem produclivity,'of the relief-formmg processes) or the possibilities of the utilization of resources for a reconstruction of the plant commumties (the map of the potential vegctation)or'for the health protection (the bioclimatological atlas or the development of the rcsoYt network).

Howeycr, the practical conclusions of equal importance ansę, from tłie*dctailćci studies of the present-day processes which are carried out in the field research statioris and which are coupled with the analysis of the changcs in a historical period 1 łie intensification of the landslides on the scarp at the Włocławek reservoir or the danger óf the ice-jam floods (cf Szupryczyński ed. 1986) indicatc the necessity for changcs in the naturę of the land use and the water management. The studies in the research stations Szymbark and Homerka (Frycowa) enabled one to formulate the dctail proposalsTor the protection against erosion and floods in the mountain part of the Vistul‘a catcfiment! such as elimination of potato crops, limitation of arabie fields and of the'cart-road network, limitation of the water management structures on the streams and others (cf. Słupik 1981; Froehlich 1982, 1985; Ciii 1985; Starkel 1985).

t' It has to be emphasized that numerous crucial proposals have been dirccted to the₍ regional authorities (Suwałki, Włocławek, Nowy Sącz) as well as to the appropnate deparlments responsiblc for the water management and to research councils (e.g. Council for the Mountain Area Management).

Y . .    .

METHODOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN 1981-1985

One of the aims of the mvestigation was to make the cxisting methods in the ^ environmental studies of the past and of the present-day acting processes to be morę >»* prccise as well as to elaborate the new ones.

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