8197955371

8197955371



INTRODUCTION

Some events are morę conseąuential than others. Revolutions are among the most momentous in world history. How can we study such epochal historical moments?

- Richard Lachmann1

The most puzzling aspect of the end of socialism [...] was its largely peaceful character. [...] This apparent acąuiescence in the face of challenges to their power was in violation [...] of one of the most widely accepted maxims of politics. As Marx once put it: ruling classes do not give up power willingly.

- Yalerie Bunce2

events [...] are constitutedas well as constitutive.

- William H. Sewcll Jr.3

Le « socialisme » en Europę centrale et orientale est maintenant un chapitre cios de Fhistoire. Le deploiement rapide de la « vague de revolutions » de 1989 a pris le monde par surprise. Jusqu’& 1’automne 1989, les mouvements d’opposition aux regimes socialistes4 semblaient extremement faibles, voire inexistants, 1’apparente impossibilite de contester les regimes avait ćte confirmee par la suppression violente

1

   Richard Lachmann. 2013. What is Historical Sociology?, Cambridge: Polity Press, p.31.

2

   Valerie Bunce. 1999. Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State, New York: Cambridge University Press, p.5.

3

   William H. Sewell Jr. 1990. « Three Temporalities: Toward a Sociology of the Evcnt», CSST Working Papers, no.58, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, p.23; citć dans Grzegorz Ekiert. 1996. The State Against Society. Political Crises and their Aftermath in East Central Europę, Princeton: Princeton University Press, p.l 1.

4

   Nous qualifions les rćgimes comme ćtant « socialistes », car les ąualifier de «communistcs » impliquerait qu’ils aient atteint le niveau communiste de dćveloppement, ce que les rćgimes eux-memes n’ont jamais reconnu avoir fait. II ne s’agit pas ici d’une reconnaissance quant au fait que ces pays aient atteint Pćtape « socialiste » dc dćveloppement, car nous croyons plutót comme certains auteurs (Mandel 1991, Trotsky 1937 et 1942) qu’il s’agissait en fait de socićtćs transitionnelles, situćes entre le capitalisme et le socialisme. Toutefois, les rćgimes ont dćclarć avoir atteint le « socialisme », et cłest pourquoi ce terme sera utilisć. Le terme « communiste » va toutefois etre utilisć pour parler d’individus ou de partis se rćclamant de ce projet.



Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
2 A. DĄBROWSKA, W. WICZK, L. ŁANKIEWICZ ABSTRACT a-Amino acids are among the most important compound
62 (46) Any houseplant will help reduce indoor air pollution. but some are morę effective than other
2.3.    Are any of the following dishonest acts morę acceptable than others: •
image013 IN THE MATTER OF THE ASSASSIN MEREFIRS The law is an instrument that some men play mor
lastscan7 Ar kosę Arkoses arc sandstones in which morę than 25% of ihc grains are feldspar. The sedi
7. Study of recent changes in the landforms. The rapid processes are, of course, the most interestin
htdctmw 137 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The illustrations used in this book were drawn by the following artists,
PG005 10 PronunciationConsonants Consonants are pronounced the same as in English, with the followin
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIRT Below are listed the terms used in the following description of the
ABOUT US We are a company with rich experience in world trade. Founded in 2009, we are dedicated to
258 259 (10) XIETEOROLOGT FOR MARINERS 258 lcavc thcir sourcc region; others drift out into the open
O THE TURĘ Irwestments include three fields of activity and are considered as one of the most s
New Forms Taschen 198 Although less poetic than his Unazuki Meditation Space, the Takaoka Station in

więcej podobnych podstron