9058009791

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Hartmann, Sweden

meaningful work and training to otherwise idle youth on a rather Iow level of income for the individual (about SEK 2500/monthly), but also at a re-duced eipenditure level for the Swedish government. Since 1984. even jobs in the private sector can be defined as youth team jobs. but the scheme remained predominantly linked to the public sector, where budgetary cuts prevented a permanent employment for young people.

To stimulate the creation of new jobs in the private sector by recruitment subsidies and insertion-jobs'. new schemes were developed in 1984 and 1986, but faced a number of difficulties as unions protested against the competition with normal jobs and the wage-lowering effects of the youth schemes as eiperienced in Great Britain. (Coffield, 1986) The other provi-sions for this age-group are of less importance, but a subsidy paid to "new entrepreneurs" for starting their enterprises might be mentioned here.

Table 4.3. about here

In 1984, the unemployment ratę of those aged 20-24 was morę than 3 times higher than the ratę for those 25-64, but from 20 years of age on-wards, no special prograrhmes are offered for young unemployed persons. Instead, the generał instruments of the Labour Administration are applied. That means that relief-work or retraining measures are connected with a remuneration enabling the participants of that age group to live on an av-erage Swedish income level (SEK 5000-8000/monthly). According to labour market statistics, about 2X of the age-group 20-24 were engaged in relief -work, about 2.5* in labour market training, whereas about 5% were overtly unemployed. (AMS statistics, 1985)

The generał schemes described above are complemented by some other 15 measures designed to meet the needs of certain disadvantaged groups of young people as e.g. the handicapped, migrants or youth with deviant be-haviour or drug problems. In addition, there are local job opportunity schemes and benefits to match the conditions of local or regional labour markets, often combined with the financial or personnel support of local governments or the cooperative movement (for details see Hartmann, 1985).