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4
 

 
 

Contents table: 

Introduction 

1.1 PLF-101   -7 
1.2 Background 

-15 

1.3 The motive  

-52 

Information process and investigation analyzes  -63 
2.1 

Credibility of the investigation 

-63 

 

2.1 Confused investigation   -65 

 

 

-  How  to  mistake  the  truth  –  brief 

instruction by Josef Stalin   – 65 
 

2.2 Just after the catastrophe  -67 

 

2.3 Next days  – 74  

 

2.4 Mourning time   – 78 

 

2.5 Volcanic Funeral?  

– 83 

 

2.6  Between  the  funeral  and  national  holiday 

 

 

 

– 88 

 

 

National 

holiday 

and 

farther 

disinformation  

 – 93 

 

2.7 Before the preliminary report of MAK   – 97 

 

2.8  Everything  was  beautiful,  only  the  pilots  are 

guilty… – 110 
 

2.9  The  truth  is  covered.  Farther  indoctrination. 

 

 

– 119   

 

 

2.10  Self-styled,  but  necessitating  representative, 

investigation who’s who and notable so-called “experts”. 
 

 

 

 

-110 

 

 

-Edmund Klich – 110 

 

 

-Col. Stefan Gruszczyk: it was a suicide!  

 

 

 

 

– 138   

 

 

 

-Tomasz Hypki and his boys – 140 

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5
 

 

 

-Gen. Parulski – 142 

 

2.11 Summary  

-145 

 
Facts   

3.1 The last travel 

-164 

 

-Weather conditions   -195 

 

-Short history of the flight   -196 

3.2 Crew information  

-200 

 

-Pilot-In-Command  -200 

 

-Co-pilot  

-201 

 

-Air engineer  -202 

 

-Navigator 

-204 

 

-Flying experience of the crewmembers  

 

 

-205 

3.3 Air Traffic Control 

-211  

3.4 Aircraft Information 

-230 

 

-Careless(ness) of Mr Shengardt -230 

 

-Operational history   -239 

3.5 The overhaul and the aircraft condition  -262 
 

-President will be content -262 

 

-Financial aspects of the modernizations 

 

 

 

 

-264 

 

-How to be killed? 267 

 

-Tu-154 best before and Brazilian cure-all 

 

 

 

nostrum 

-279 

3.6 Meteorological information once again -284 
3.7 A page about the navigation -288 
3.8 The airport  

-290 

 

Airport equipment efficiency  

-301 

 

Approach Charts 

 

 

-305 

 

PLF-101 Navigation Charts   

-310 

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6
 

 

3.9 Flight recorder, do not open! Enregistreur de 

vol, ne pas ouvrir! 

-313 

 

 

The CVR transcripts  -315 

 

 

Authenticy aspects   -366 

 

3.10 Injuries to person  

-377 

 

 

Survival aspects  

-387 

 

 

Relation between injuries to people and 

damage to the aircraft and analyse of the possible 
circumstances of thermo-baric weapons or another 
missile using. -393 
 

3.11 Damage to the aircraft  -404 
3.12 Other damage – main evidence, but evidence 

in past tense only… – 417 

 

MAK evidence - 419 

3.13  
 
 
 
 

 

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7
 

 

1.1 PLF-101 

 

 

Every day somewhere in the world there is an air 

incident or catastrophe.  
 

One of each several million of airborne travels is 

not ended by successful getting the target, but by a 
tragedy.    
 

However presidential planes do not crash every 

day. Mathematical probability of so important flight to 
crash is extremely low, due to high level of safety 
regulations, far surpassing international civil aviation in 
all respects.  
 

Please notice that overwhelming proportion of 

presidential aircraft are military or governmental, flaying 
under a status of so-called HEAD. Only in Russian 
Federation, president Mr Dmitry Miedviediev uses for air 
transport planes (“Board Number One” and “Board 
Number Two”), chartered from governmental Rossiya 
Airlines, however these aircraft have interior cost 
millions of US dollars, air safety no worse than Boeing 
Dreamliner and security level similar to early “flying 
fortresses”.   
 

Presidential aircraft are under a special technical 

care, have the best avionic and communicational 
equipment on the board and finally – the best pilots, 
specially selected and trained. Presidential aircraft are 
non-stop guarded by secret service and when it is 
necessary escorted by fighters enroute. 
 

Therefore accidents of presidential aircraft are not 

normal, usual situation.  

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8
 

 

However usual situation is an assassination 

airborne, specially efficient, when it is possible to take 
control on the rescue operation (to be able to decrease 
survival rate) and farther investigation (to hide the truth).  
 

Two days after Smolensk air disaster, when 

Polish president Prof. Lech Kaczynski had died, 
Telegraph prepared a list of presidents involved in air 
incidents 
(

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/pol

and/7581639/Death-of-Lech-Kaczynski-political-leaders-
who-have-died-in-plane-crashes.html

 

 

Telegraph describes inter alia case of Mr René 

Barrientos, President of Bolivia, who „was killed in 1969 
when his helicopter crashed in Arque. Rumours persist 
that it may have been shot down
 (...)”    
 

Barthélemy Boganda, first Prime Minister of the 

Central African Republic autonomous territory, was 
killed in a mid-air explosion in 1959 just days before he 
was poised to become the first president of the 
independent CAR. 
 

– Dr John Garang de Mabior, Vice President of 

Sudan, died in 2005 after the Ugandan presidential Mi-
172 helicopter he was flying in crashed while on the way 
back from a secret meeting which he had not told his 
government about. Six of his colleagues and seven 
Ugandan crew members were also killed in the accident, 
which was blamed on poor weather conditions. However 
there are doubts about the truth of this, and even the 
Ugandan President suspected "external factors".   
 

However the most interesting air disaster 

concerning presidents are probable assassinations of Mr 
Jaime R. AguileraPresident of Ecuador, who was killed 

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9
 

under circumstances similar to Kaczynski – he was flying 
along with his wife and military leaders. Completely like 
now in Russia,  pilot was blamed of controlled flight into 
terrain. However many factors indicate, that external 
forces had took part in the air disaster, because of plans 
to develop the hydrocarbon sector, which would have 
threatened US interests or because he was strengthening 
ties with the Soviet Union.  
 

However not only the motives but circumstances 

– probably normal, common bomb exploded on the board 
make assassination the most possible case.  
 

According to Mr Marek Strassenburg, Hamburg 

University of Technology, inventor, designer of one of 
the earliest 3D navigation systems, head of Strategic 
Analyses Department in Harman Becker Inc., there were 
9 notable catastrophes of presidential aircraft since 1945. 
6 of those were assassinations. 

http://smolensk-

2010.pl/2010-09-09-musimy-poznac-prawde-dlaczego-
doszlo-do-katastrofy.html

 

 

Other words according to statistics there is a 

probability of 66% that it was an assassination in 
Smolensk.  
   

Moreover Poland is probably the only country in 

the world, where presidential aircraft can be cared by 
another country – a foe in the international politics, 
historical enemy for last 1000 years.  
 

Only in Poland, presidential aircraft could be 

technically ministered by Russia. It was a Tupolev-
154M, produced in Samara (Kyubishevo), USSR in 1990 
(it does not mean that it was too old airplane – for 
example Germany chancellor Mrs. Angela Merkel, flies 
on the board of two much older Airbus A-310, inherited 

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1
0
 

from Interflug, East German Airlines), last generally 
modernized in December 2009, which made it one of the 
best-equipped Tupolevs in the history. However, this 
modernization was carried out not for example in Israel, 
as it could be, but in Russia, Samara. Another Polish Tu-
154M, a twin of crashed, is still in a facility in Samara, 
undergoing an overhaul.  
 

However work of Russians engineers could not 

bring out a catastrophe if they were working correctly, 
because they have all necessary international licenses, 
powers, dozens years of experience concerning 
production and servicing of the type.  
 

Other words, if work of the Russian experts in 

Poland could had brought out an air disaster, it was a 
sabotage, so an assassination.  
 

It was not an accident, according to Mr Gene 

Poteat, electrical engineer and a retired CIA scientific 
intelligence officer, who served abroad in London, 
Scandinavia, the Middle East and Asia, a president of the 
Association of Former Intelligence Officers (AFIO), 
writing and lecturing on intelligence matters and teaches 
at The Institute of World Politics. 
 

“Times change but the ways countries hide 

unquestionable acts of genocide remain the same. And 
attempts to force acknowledgement of, or to 
commemorate, such acts can trigger desperate, 
sometimes bizarre acts of revenge or disavowal.” 
– wrote 
Mr Poteat in his report about the Smolensk Air Disaster.  
 

As it is already stated above, there is in Warsaw, 

in structure of 36

th

 Special Transport Aviation Regiment  

warranty repairs carrying out Russian specialists team of 

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1
1
 

Joint Stock Company “Aviacor” Aviation Enterprise, 
Samara.  
 

Of course, it could be a coincidence that the only 

aircraft serviced by the Russians, was the only aircraft in 
whole regiment having in-flight failures. But these 
failures were rather strange, because concerned aircraft 
systems – on first sight not related to each other, however 
this is not the most striking detail concerning Polish Air 
Force flight 101 – as presidential flight had been 
numbered.   
 

However everything above can be summed as a 

piece of speculations, fuelling thousands of conspiracy 
theories. Nevertheless there are also thousands of pieces 
of evidence, that will be described in this publication. 
Before this fact one thing should be analyzed – rescue 
operation after the catastrophe had happened in 
Smolensk.    
 

Normally, when air disaster takes place, there is 

only one quarry in first minutes – to rescue as much 
human beings, as it is possible.  
 

According to British journal of anaesthesia first 

medical aid, especially basic cardiopulmonary 
resuscitation  should be applied in 10-12 minutes. Else 
there is no chance to survive for example after an air 
disaster, if you only lose of consciousness, or for 
example cessation of breathing will appear. These are 
typical diagnoses after each serious transport accident.  
 

However after Smolensk Air Disaster there 

was no any ambulance called to the scene. It means, 
that in muddy forest, where had crashed Polish 
presidential aircraft nobody was going to rescue the 
passengers...   

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1
2
 

 

According to Russian Interstate Aviation 

Committee (MAK) of Commonwealth of Independent 
States in Moscow, highest Russian aviation authority, 
which is conducting an investigation after the air disaster, 
it took only 14 minutes to surround place around the 
wreckage by a group of 180 soldiers and secret service 
officers. It would be impossible to be performed on 
Saturday morning, outside the city, in soppy terrain,  
without prior knowledge about the air disaster. Other 
words Russian services should know, that Polish 
presidential aircraft would crash, before it crashed. They 
should be waiting in full readiness. 
 

Lots of data concerning this operation gives a film 

taken using a mobile phone by a witness on the disaster 
scene, just after 180 people group coming.  
However sound track of the movie is not similar to 
typical sounds of rescue operation, but rather to an 
execution. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9WEFQNqBMM

 

For example around 50sec. “Don’t kill us, I beg” 
statement in Polish language is audible. Farther run of the 
recording brings sound of racking and 3 noisy gunshots, 
as well as some commands and exclamations. There are 3 
outlines of people walking visible behind elements of the 
aircraft, as well as one person in a squatting and one 
outsider – old man, who could be a witness.  
On the movie, among several voices, a begging voice 
belongs to a women. It is only possible for her to be a 
passenger or a flight attendant. However a timbre of the 
voice seems to be identical to speeches of the only 
women, who had been travelling in the fore compartment 
of the aircraft, although it could not be confirmed clearly.      

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1
3
 

Also an author of the recording induces some sounds. No 
medical service is visible on the recording – no 
ambulances or helicopters, characteristic for search and 
rescue operation after an air disaster.  
 

According to Mr Antoni Macierewicz, Member of 

Parliament and former head of Military Counter-
Intelligence Service of Poland, the film described above 
is authentic, which is confirmed officially by Polish 
Military Attorney Office, as well as Internal Security 
Agency. It is also confirmed that sound track of the film 
was not modified.  
 

According to Macierewicz it was possible that it 

was a murder, but it is also possible, that the shots were a 
kind of deterring a people coming to the place of the air 
disaster. (

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-09-04-

macierewicz-kontrolerzy-winni-katastrofy-tu-
154m.html

).  

 

However statement “Don’t kill us” make only 

first half of Mr Macierewicz statement possible.   
 

  According to Mr Macierewicz the Polish 

prosecutors are not interested in examining of the 
recording examination.  
 

Author of the recording had not been interrogated 

yet. Nevertheless, other sources evidence the he was 
already murdered in Kiev.  
 

According to weekly “Najwyzszy Czas”, the 

Polish Intelligence Agency got high number of photos 
from Smolensk, including photos of body of president 
Lech Kaczynski taken at 14:52, so before official time of 
his body localisation (16:00). According to Polish 
intelligence officers quoted by “Najwyzszy Czas” Polish 
president’s body was massacred post mortem.  

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1
4
 

 

Intelligence officers had also contacted real 

author of the recording described above, who agreed for 
the co-operation, after giving him a promise, that he 
would receive the asylum in Poland. However after the 
officer had sent a report to Intelligence Headquarters, the 
author had been taken by somebody to unknown place 
and killed in Kiev. 
 

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-08-01-dowody-matactwa-

najwyzszy-czas-leszek-szymowski-dziennikarz-
sledczy.html

    

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1
5
 

 

1.2 Background 

 

 

 

Not only last 500 years of history of Russia, but 

also last 11 years of Col. Vladimir Putin’s dominance 
show clearly, that assassinations and crimes underpin 
whole mechanism of state structure. They condition as 
well international politics strategy, as interior politics of 
heavy-hand, eternal principle of Russia.  
 

It is 1

st

 of November 2006, Lt.-Col. Alexander 

Valterovich Litvinenko is eating sushi in one of the 
London restaurants, he does not yet know, that his days 
are already numbered. 
Suddenly he feel ill and becomes hospitalized.  
  

Several hours ago, according to Col. Oleg 

Gordiyevski, he visited ex-Russian agent Andrey 
Lugovoi. In a house of Mr Lugovoi, Litvinenko met a 
man introducing him selves as Vladimir. He did not say 
many words, but strongly urged Mr Litvinenko to drink a 
cap of tea. It was probably the last cap of tea for Mr 
Litvinenko. He was poisoned and became the first 
confirmed victim of Polonium-210, lethal isotope. 
According to British doctors, he was murdered and it was 
the beginning on nuclear terrorism era. Mr Litvinenko 
was dying over 3 weeks, having symptoms of creeping 
dose.

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Lt.-Col. Litvinenko 
before the crime. 
 
 
 
It is confirmed, that Lt.-
Col. Alexander 
Litvinenko was 
assassinated, due to his 
investigations against 
the Kremlin and Russian 
president, Col. Vladimir 
Putin.   

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http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2006/11/25/obituarios/1
164449771.html

 

http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2006/11/25/obituarios/1
164449771.html

 

 
It is clearly evidenced, that polonium, which killed Lt.-
Col. Litvinenko, flew Great Britain from Moscow. 
(

http://www.litvinenko.org.uk/map_en.php

 

 
 

  

His death is the first case of confirmed death cased by 
polonium, but not the first literally. For example, a 
journalist Mr Yuri Shchekochikhin (2003) and KGB 
defector Mr Nikolay Khokhlov (1957) were poisoned 
using not Polonium, but Thallium, according to Mr Alex 
Goldfarb. 
 

Please notice, that a death of Lt.-Col. Alexander 

Litvinenko (who openly stated that, Col. Vladimir Putin, 
president of Russian Federation is responsible for his 
nuclear poisoning.) was confirmed and evidenced, by 
Scotland Yard assassination, politically motivated, cased 
by his investigation concerning a murder of Mrs. Anna 
Politkovskaya, killed in Russia, Russian journalist. It is 
said that she was the 17

th

 antigovernment writer killed 

during Col. Putin rules. But that is not truth – he was the 
91

st

 journalists killed since 1999. Please notice that a date 

of her murder was probably not a coincidence. Mrs. 
Politkovskaya died on the 7

th

 of October 2006 – just on 

the 54

th

 birthday of Col. Vladimir Putin, president of 

Russian Federation, who Mrs. Politkovskaya criticized 
openly. That is why her death could be a kind of birthday 
gift for president.  

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What was the reason of that manslaughter – Mrs. 

Politkovskaya was shout in an elevator of block of flats, 
she was living in, a gun and scales had been found next 
to her body – was it her demeanour, so problematic for 
Col. Putin? Lt.-Col. Litvinenko, ex-KGB officer, leaving 
in London, who was also openly criticized Col. Putin, 
tried to investigate this affair. He was killed.  
 

But please notice, that analyzing only murder of 

Mrs. Politkovskaya is not enough to describe a scale of 
manslaughters in Col. Putin’s Russia.  
 

Col. Putin became a prime minister during Mr 

Boris Yeltsin presidency in 1999.  
 

In this year not many journalist were killed – only 

9, but this number was not as high probably due to lack 
of power concerning Col. Putin, who did not became a 
president yet.  
 

On the 8

th

 of August 1999, he was sworn in as a 

prime minister.  
 

Only 12 days after, a Russian journalist Mr Ludov 

Loboda was killed in Kyubishev, Siberia.  
 

The next homicide took place much closer to a 

Kremlin, Mr Christopher Reese was in Moscow on the 
27

th

 of September 1999. Moreover, it was not a last 

killing of journalists on an outset of Col. Putin’s era. On 
the 27

th

 of October 1999, Chechen Supyan Ependiyev 

died in a crossfire – according to official version. Please 
notice that it was a time, when already hung in a balance 
2

nd

 Chechen Conflict. Two days after, under the same 

circumstances, died Mr Shamil Gigayev and Ramzan 
Mezhidov – TV workers.  
 

Col. Putin was hoarding day-by-day, finally 

becoming a president. Until however he managed this, 

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next people died. From hundreds of years the Kremlin 
has been a place of intrigues. Under the rules of 
Romanov dynasty, just before their falling down, 
Rasputin was directly manipulating whole tsar family, he 
became the real sovereign of not only Russia, but also 
unimaginable fortune, including high shares in a power 
of United States – for example in American railway, 
owned partly by Russian tsar. After this period Russia 
became an arena of one of the most amazing and most 
brutal games in the history of world. Revolutions of 
Lenin, who was carried by Germans in plumbed wagon, 
like a plague. Number of civil wars, murders, turnovers 
brought on a pedestal a Red Tsar – Georgian cacique Mr 
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. During his rules Gen. 
Wladyslaw Sikorski, prime minister on exile of Republic 
of Poland during the Second World War was killed in a 
assassination in Gibraltar air disaster, on the 4

th

 of July 

1944. As it appeared days after, although the 
manslaughter had taken place over the British territory, it 
had been carried out by the Russians. Daughter of Gen. 
Sikorski, Mrs. Zofia Lesniowska, had been kidnapped by 
the Russians and sent by them to Stalin (who finally 
redirected her to a concentration camp in Siberia), via 
Cairo, when she left her bracelet (according to historian, 
Dariusz Baliszewski and photos presented by him: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zofia_Leśniowska

).   

 

The same air disaster, which caused Gen. Stalin to 

assassinate Polish leader, managed probably also Col. 
Putin. But before he was able to kill Polish president (if 
even did not kill, please notice, that he had great 
spectrum of forces and utilities to do it), he had to kill 
many another people – completely like Stalin, and 

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benefited help of Yeltsin, completely like Stalin used 
Lenin. In dead history – as proclaims an old saying – 
repeats itself permanently. 
 

That four manslaughters was moreover not only 

during Col. Putin’s brutal way to the presidency of a 
great superpower.  
 

On the 1

st

 of February 2000 Mr Vladimir Yatsina, 

a journalist of ITAR-TASS – one of the biggest Russian 
press agencies, with over 100 years history, was 
kidnapped and then killed in Chechnya. 9 days after Mrs. 
Ludmila Zamana, was killed in a homicide in Samara, the 
same city were Polish 101 was contracted 9 years earlier 
and modernized 10 years later. 
 

 On the 9

th

 of March Mr Artyom Borovik, 

publisher and journalist was probably killed on 
Sheremetyevo International Airport (UUEE, SVO) near 
Moscow. 
 

Then Mrs. Luisa Arzhieva, Russian reporter, was 

killed in a crossfire in Chechnya.  
 

On the 17

th

 of April 2000, journalist Oleg 

Polukeyev was killed.   
 

On the 8

th

 of May 2000, Col. Vladimir Putin 

finally became a president of Russia. This was a time, 
when a great powerful wave of crime, shaken Russia.   
 

Only 5 days later, on the 13

th

 of May 2000 Mr 

Alexander Yefremov, died in Chechnya. Then, on 16

th

 of 

July 2000, another journalist, Mr Igor Domnikov, 
working in Novaya Gazeta, he died in a car crash, cased 
by a paid murderer. Contractor was never punished.  
 

On the 26

th

 of July Mr Sergei Novikov of Radio 

Vesna, Smolensk. He was shot in a contract killing in 
stairwell of his block of flats. 

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But not murders of journalists, but another case 

became an inglorious symbol of Col. Putin’s Era. On the 
12

th

 of August 2000, explosion shock the deck of Oscar-

II class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine K-114 
Kursk. It sank down on the Barents Sea with all, 118- 
people crew. Everybody died, due to lack of effective 
rescue operation. 
 

Any rescue operation did not start in 24 hours, 

after Kursk had sank, because Russian Navy officers 
fought that about 200 kilograms TNT – force explosion, 
had been a part of their exercises.     
 

When the Kursk felt to the bottom, a buoy, 

marking she’s position should be automatically released, 
but this system was probably turned off, due to a risk of 
release of the buoy during high g-force manoeuvres of 
Kursk and detecting she by “an enemy”.  
 

When some part of submarine crew had a chance 

to survive, but British, Norwegian and American, offers 
of help were rejected by president, Col. Vladimir Putin. 
Russian government had been affirming that Russian 
rescuers had a contact with crew and that accident had 
taken place not on the 12

th

, but on the 13

th

 of August.  

 

When on the 17

th

 of August 2000, 5 days after 

catastrophe finally British and Norwegian rescuers were 
admitted to the submarine by Col. Putin, all of the 108-
people crew were death.  
 

After the accident head of special commission, 

investigating causes of the Kursk tragedy became 
president, Col. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.        
 

On the 21

st

 of September 2000, Mr Iskander 

Khatloni, from Free Europe Radio, Tajik journalist also 
was killed outside his block of flats on the night. 

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Probable motive was his work concerning the human 
rights problem in Chechnya, occupied, by the Russians. 
 

On the 3

rd

 of October Mr Sergei Ivanov, from 

Lada-TV, was shot in front of his block of flats, a 
favourites place to kill journalists (for example Mrs. 
Politkovskaya) in Col. Putin’s Russia.  
      

On the 18

th

 of October Mr Georgy Garibyan, Park 

TV, was shot in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Two days after 
this time another journalist and TV worker, Mr Oleg 
Goryansky was probably killed. He was a reporter 
working under wildly understood problematic of freedom 
and human rights.  
 

On the 21

st

 of October, three days after Mr 

Garibyan, Mr Raif Abyashev, journalist and 
photographer died in a homicide. 
 

On the 3

rd

 of November 2000 Mr Sergei Loginov, 

also from Lada TV was probably killed.  
 

Farther, on the 20

th

 of November, Mr Pavel 

Asaulchenko, a camera operator of Austrian TV, died in 
Moscow. It was contract killing that is why conviction of 
murderer is only apparent. 
 

On the 23

rd

 of November, Reuter’s camera 

operator, Mr Adam Tepsurkayev died in a war crime in 
Chechnya.  
 

On the 28

th

 of November, already not 

professionally active Nikolai Karmanov died. He was 
retired, but there was a hearsay in Russia, that he led 
private investigation, concerning a crime of another 
journalist. His homicide took place in Lyubim, Russia.   
 

On the 23

rd

 of December 2000 Mr Valery 

Kondakov, photographer was killed in Armavir, near 
Sochi. He was a freelance journalist.   

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Year 2001 seemed to be very calm – started by 

only four brutal homicides. On the 1

st

 of February 2001, 

Mr Eduard Burmagin was killed. Then on 24

th

 of 

February Mr Leonid Grigiriev – also a journalist, and 
also murdered.  On the 8

th

 of March, Mr Andiei 

Pivovarov had been killed. On the 31

st

 of March Mr Oleg 

Dolgantsev.  
 

On the 17

th

 of May 2001 Mr Vladimir Kirsanov, 

Russian publisher and journalists had been killed in 
Kurgan, Russia.        
 

On the 2

nd

 of June, another journalist Mr Victor 

Popkov died after over two months of fighting for life in 
a hospital near Moscow, after crossfire in Chechnya.  
 

Then on the 11

th

 of September 2001, Mr Andrei 

Sheiko died in a homicide. There is extremely less of 
data concerning this manslaughter.  
 

On the 19

th

 of September 2001, Mr Eduard 

Markevish was shot in back by a contract killer. He was 
editor, publisher and journalist.   
 

On the 5

th

 of November 2001 Mrs. Elina 

Voronova, a journalist was murdered.  
 

On the 16

th

  of November 2001 Mr Oleg Vedenin, 

a journalist was murdered.  
 

On the 21

st

 of November 2001 Mr Alexander 

Babaikin, a journalist was murdered.  
 

On the 1

st

 of December 2001 Mr Boris Mityurev, 

a journalist was murdered. This homicide entered a 
period – year 2001, but not an Era of Col. Vladimir 
Putin, and not a period of journalist killing.  
 

Freezing January 2002, also was started by brutal 

homicide of journalist – Mrs. Svetlana Makarenko.  

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On the 4

th

 of March 2002, Mr Konstantin 

Pogodin, a journalist was murdered.  
 

On the 8

th

 of March 2002, Mrs. Natalya Skryl 

journalist with Nashe Vremya newspaper was killed.  
 

On the 31

st

 of March 2002 Moscow News 

journalist Mr Valery Butayev was brutally murdered in 
the capital of Russian Federation, not far a way from 
Kremlin.  
 

 On the 1

st

 of April 2002, Mr Sergei Kalinovsky 

editor living in Moscow died in Smolensk, in a homicide.   
 

On the 4

th

 of April Mr Vitaly Sakhn-Vald, 

journalist and camera operator was murdered. 
 

On the 25

th

 of April 2002 Mr Leonid Shevchenko, 

journalist died in homicide in Volgograd.  
 

On the 29

th

 of April 2002 Mr Valery Ivanov, 

journalist, publisher and editor was killed in Samara, 
Russia. 
 

Although April of 2002 seems to be very tragic, 

only after analyzing not only journalists’ murders. On the  
28

th

 of April 2002 crashed helicopter Mi-8, which 

governor of Krasnoyarsk Country, Russia Gen. 
Alexander Ivanovich Lebied’ was killed.  
 

This hero of Afghan War, and than Ist Chechen 

Conflict appeared as a votary of president Mr Boris 
Yeltsin. Then after he was expelled from Kremlin by Mr 
Yeltsin, he won a vote in Krasnoyarsk country, where he 
became a governor. New Russian leader Col. Putin was 
openly criticized by Gen. Lebied’, who did not show his 
friendship or even acceptation both for Mr Yeltsin as 
Col. Putin’s government members. Russian prosecution 
by some coincidence alleged him embezzlements of 
public money, including hunting polar bears from a board 

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of Ambulance Service Helicopter. This objections were 
not well evidenced, that is why investigation had been 
continued. Gen. Lebied’ was not scared to criticize Col. 
Putin. Suddenly he died in hospital, after air disaster in 
2002. Although it was a helicopter – a Soviet-constructed 
Mil Mi-8, the circumstances where quite similar, to the 
10

th

 of April 2010, disaster near Smolensk. The 

helicopter crashed and damaged in poor visibility after it 
had contacted a ground-based energetic line. Gen. 
Lebied’ posthumously, completely like Mr Kaczynski 
was suspected to force landing on a pilot. But many facts 
indicated supposition of an assassination of Lebied’, that 
is why his death indicated many conspiracy theories.    
 (

http://www.przeglad-

tygodnik.pl/index.php?site=artykul&id=1784

 

 

On the 20

th

 of May 2002 journalist Mr Alexander 

Plotnikov was murdered. 
 

On the 6

th

 of June 2002 journalist Mr Pavel 

Morozov died in a homicide.  
 

On the 25

th

 of June 2002, a publisher, editor and 

founder of local TV and Radio in Vladivostok, Mr Oleg 
Sedinko, died in contract killing.     
 

On the 20

th

 of July 2002 Mr Nikolai Razmolodin, 

general director of local TV and Radio company in 
Ulyanovsk was murdered.   
 

On the 21

st

 of July 2002, Mrs. Maria Lisichkina 

was killed in a homicide.    
 

On the 27

th

 of July 2002, not a journalist but 

spokesperson of Moscow Region Governor was 
murdered.  
 

Then on the 18

th

 of August Mr Nikolai Vasiliev, a 

journalist was murdered. 

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On the 25

th

 of August Fin origin, retired editor 

and journalist, Mr Paavo Voutilainen, was murdered in 
Karelia, Russia.  
 

 On the 4

th

 of September 2002, according to 

Glasnost Defense Foundation, a publisher Mr Leonid 
Kuznetsov was murdered.  
 

On the 26

th

 of September, a British journalist, Mr 

Roderick “Roddy” Scott, died in crossfire. 
 

On the 2

nd

 of October, Mrs. Yelena Popova was 

murdered.  
 

On the 19

th

 of October, Mr Leonid Plotnikov was 

murdered.  
 

 

 

On the 23

rd

 of October, Chechen partisans carried 

out an attack on the Dobrovka Theatre, Moscow during a 
show. All the people inside have been taken hostage. On 
the 26

th

 of October, after three days on negotiations Col. 

Putin’s commando not calculating victims threw on the 
theatre with 922 innocent civilians inside, based on a mix 
of fentanil and 3-Methylfentanyl combat gas, killing 
about 300 people, according to unofficial statistics. 
 

Please notice, that the government dependent of 

Col. Putin did not send ambulances to injured people, but 
transported them to hospitals by buses. Governmental 
service did not also inform doctors what kind of gas had 
been used by commando that is why it was very difficult 
to introduce life-saving treatment. This clearly shows, 
that a target of Col. Putin was probably not to increase a 
number of victims to shock the world, showing high 
number of killed, which he was going to attribute to 
Chechen terrorists. After a fault of government service 
was revealed by the world media, number of victims was 

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probably more than twice undervalued, by central 
authorities of Russian Federation. 
 

A head of special commission investigating case 

of Dobrovka became Col. Vladimir Putin.  
 
 

On the 21

st

 of November local journalist, Mr 

Dmitry Shalayev was killed in Kazan, Russia.  
 

On the next years, authority of Col. Vladimir 

Putin was so strong, that he did not have to be afraid of 
opposition. In media rarely appear now plunged relations 
with the Chechen war, rarely they were also shown on 
the West of Europe and in USA, because more powerful 
Russia of Col. Putin became once again equal both for 
European superpowers, as for the USA.  
 

In this time critics of president Col. Vladimir 

Putin decreased radically in Russian media. Probably that 
is why also a number of journalist’s murder was 
permanently decreasing, but it was still rather high.  
 

On the 7

th

 of January 2003 Mr Vladimir 

Sukhomlin, Moscow editor, journalist and blogger had 
been killed by a contract killer, under very unclear 
circumstances. 
 

On the 11

th

 of January in Moscow had been killed 

a sport commentator and journalist. We can say that it 
certainly was not a political murder, in contrast to farther 
murders, including one, that took place on the 18

th

 April, 

when Mr Dmitry Shvets, publisher, editor and deputy 
director of independent, whose TV station TV-21 had 
received a multiple threats for its reporting on 
influential local politicians 
in Northwestern Russia.   
 

Before him on the 21

st

 February 2003, Mr Sergei 

Verbitsky, a publisher was murdered.  

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On the 3

rd

 of July in Moscow very well-know 

journalist, politician, publisher and editor, Mr Yuri 
Shchekochikhin, probably was murdered, before his 
travel to the USA. He suddenly suffered on an 
anaphylactic shock, due to unexplained allergic reaction. 
He was investigation scandals in FSS (ex-KGB), where 
Col. Putin had been the head time before. Mr Yuri 
Shchekochikhin was a deputy editor in Novaya Gazeta, 
Moscow, where inter alia Mrs. Anna Politkovskaya had 
been working.       
 

On the 4

th

 of July journalist with French agency, 

Mr Ali Astamirov, missed in Nazran, probably kidnapped 
and killed.  
 

On the 18

th

 of July 2003 Mr Alikhan Guliyev, 

freelance TV worker, showing the problems of 
Ingushetia Republic, Russia, was murdered in Moscow.  
 

On the 10

th

 of August, Mr Martin Kraus was 

murdered, when he had been travelling to Chechnya.  
 

This year, during summer holiday Russian press 

seemed to be very calm and polite – please notice that for 
month any journalist did not killed. 
 

Only on the 9

th

 of October, a journalist who had 

been shot about one year earlier died in a hospital. Then 
on the 24

th

 of October Mr Alexei Bakhtin, 

businessperson, former journalist was murdered.  
 
 

After a first two years of dominance in Russia, 

Col. Putin became as strong as he could be called, a 
dictator. This former secret service head, in a very short 
time subordinated himself whole the state apparatus, 
including judicature, media, interior, secret service, 
military power, local administration and diplomatic 

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services. There were nearly no opposition, like in 
Western democratic countries, and lack independent 
business.  
 

   The most characteristic example of Col. Putin 

politics concerning private business was a case of Mr 
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, at one time the richest person in 
Russia and one of the 16 wealthiest people in the world, a 
philanthropist. He repeatedly criticized Col. Putin’s 
politics. On the 25

th

 of October 2003, he was charged in 

very controversial process in May of 2008 proclaimed 
guilty of frauds concerning privatization. Please notice, 
that in Russia privatization processes are regulated by 
central authorities, that is why this type unilateral process 
could have only political basis and can be only a kind of 
retribution.  
 

When he was under arrest this situation had 

forced Mr Khodorkovsky to declaim function of CEO in 
his own company Yukos, 3 years later this oil 
corporation became bankrupt. Mr Khodorkovsky is 
currently doing draconic porridge of 8 years in boot 
camp, central Siberia. Mr Khodorkovsky can feel very 
lucky, because - although Putin’s judgment of 
condemnation send him to a kind of concentration camp, 
relict of Soviet Union, well known by Western reader 
fascinating book “The Gulag Archipelago” of Mr 
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn – he is still alive. Thousands of 
another people did not have such chance.  
 

Murders of journalists did not ever stop even for a 

long while, but temporarily there was nobody to kill. 
 

On the 30

th

 of  October, however died Mr Yury 

Burgov, a journalist and long time after on the 25

th

 of 

December 2003 Mr Pyotr Bebenko, but they, although 

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murdered were rather only local than political-involved 
pressmen.  
 

On the 1

st

 of February 2004, Mr Yerim Sukhanov, 

died in Archangielsk. 
 

Farther on the 23

rd

 of March probably, a camera 

operator Mr Farit Urazbayev.  
 

On the 2

nd

 of May 2004, died in a homicide 

journalist Shangysh Mongush.  
 

On the 9

th

 of May died Chechen President Mr 

Amhat Kadyrov, who was assassinated in a stadium in 
Grozny, Chechnya during a Victory Day (anniversary of 
the end of World War II), as a result of the explosion 
explosives hidden in the VIP tribune. Mr Kadyrov’s die 
absorbed Col. Putin and Russian authorities with 
situation in Chechnya (Kadyrov was supported by Col. 
Putin, was the Russian Federation Gold Star Hero), that 
is why a number of journalists killed in Russia was 
decreasing, disturbance in Chechnya and Caucasus was 
that time increasing, and few month later led to a tragedy. 
 

Before the most tragic attack in history of Russian 

Federation and a short time after the attack, when 
Russian authorities were absorbed situation in separatist 
republics, not many journalist ware dying, but much of 
they can be described as real Kremlin enemies . 
 

On the 9

th

 of June Mr Paul Klebnikov, famous 

journalist, editor-in-chef of newly established Forbs, 
Russia was killed by a contract killer in Moscow.  
 

On the 1

st

 of July 2004 in St. Petersburg was 

killed Mr Maxim Maximov, whose body has never been 
found. 
 

On 17

th

 of July 2004 Mr Pail Peloyan, editor from 

Moscow was murdered.  

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On the 3

rd

 of August 2004, a journalist and writer, 

Cossack nationalist, was killed near Moscow.  
 

24

th

 of August 2004 Mrs. Svetlana Shishkina, a 

journalist from Kazan, Tatarstan died in a homicide.  
 

Nevertheless, the 24

th

 of April was much more 

tragic – on the night 90 people died in two serious air 
disaster cased by a terrorist attack. 
 

At 22:40, a Tupolev-154B-2 of Sibir Airlines took 

off Moscow-Domodedovo (UUDD/DME) for a flight to 
Sochi-Adler, Russia (URSS/AER), with 46 people on the 
board.  
 

A high explosive material hexogen (RDX) was 

detected in crashed Tupolev.  
 

Air disaster took place, in the same time with a 

Volga-Aviaexpress Tupolev 134, which departed 
Domodedovo 10 minutes earlier. According to FSF, “It 
appeared that the explosives had been carried aboard by 
a female passenger. Two female suicide bombers arrived 
at Moscow at 19:45 on the same day on a flight from 
Makhachkala in the company of another two Chechens. 
They had taken aside on arrival and were handed to a 
police captain in charge of antiterrorist precautions, but 
they were released without apparently having been 
searched. After bribing a Sibir Airlines employee in 
charge of check-in and boarding one of the women was 
able to bypass security and get on board the Tu-154.”  
 

  Please notice that terrorists had not any problem 

with getting into the board of two aircraft. Please also 
notice that miraculously both aircraft crashed at the same 
time – at 22:53, although nothing indicates, that 
explosive materials could be fire directly, because places 

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of catastrophes occur far each other and hundredths of 
kilometres from departure airport.  
 

This is not a place to accuse anybody, but due to 

these accidents Col. Putin’s Russia got a pretext to 
increase tempo of operations in Chechnya, where 
situation became as hot as a boric acid, when it is boiled 
in a test glass. 
 

On the 1

st

 of September 2004, as every year in 

inter alia Russian schools, a school season started. It was 
not only a time of education re-starting, but also a 
massacre in Beslan, North Osetia, a breakaway region of 
Russian Federation. Terrorist commando was a part of 
forces of Chechen cacique, and now field warlord, Mr 
Shamil Salmanovich Basayev aka Abdullah Shamil Abu-
Idris. It is rather unbelievable to this attack be inspirited 
by Russian Authorities of Col. Putin, but as reprehensible 
in the light of international humanitarian law and human 
rights should be described government forces action, 
which bring to children rather death, than freedom.  
 

Assault was carried out by the same troops, those 

two years earlier in Dobrovka, Moscow. Nevertheless, 
this time they did not use combat gas, but rocket flame-
throwers type Shmel, according to Mr Nikolai Shepel, 
deputy attorney general of Russian Federation. However, 
Mr Shepel noted, that not fire, but reek missiles were 
used.  
 

All the same – it does not change the fact, that 

due to the Russian commando about 380 people 
(including 156-180 children) had been at least killed. 
Farther 700 people had been injured. Please conversely 
notice, that about 200 people, in most children were 
considered as missing, their fate is still not clear, that is 

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why a number of killed people could be much higher. 
Seeing the fact, there number of victims in Dobrovka, 
Moscow (2002) had been being undercut, there is no 
indication, that such practices did not be carried out in 
forgotten by God and people Osetia, situated about 1200 
miles from Moscow. 
 

In this place it is necessary to signalize, that both 

after attack in Dobrovka, as in Beslan there was a huge 
disinformation campaign carried out in Russian media, in 
order to conceal some of the circumstances and to 
understate number of the victims. 
 

During action in Dobrovka, Mrs. Anna 

Politkovskaya, independent journalist tried to not allow 
on bloodshed, playing the role of negotiator. Although it 
was permitted for her in Moscow, during a flight to 
Beslan she was poisoned on a board, probably drinking 
tea. However, in contrast to Mr Litvinenko did not die, 
because the tea was not radioactive, but was "only" 
hospitalized. However, her hours were already numbered 
that time.  
 

Attack in Beslan became a pretext for Col. 

Vladimir Putin to disclose plans of his reforms, aiming 
radical strengthening of president’s power in Russia, 
especially concerning internal and defense politics. He 
announced that procedure of Parliament elections would 
be changed, as well as president will nominate governors, 
instead of democratic elections. Please notice, that Col. 
Putin probably tried to exploit tragedy to increase his 
own competence.  
 

Then on the 18

th

 of September 2004, Mr Vladimir 

Prithin, TV journalist and editor was murdered. 

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Year 2005 was one of the calmest of the Col. 

Putin’s Era, concerning murders of journalists. Reasons 
are plural. The vast majority of Col. Putin’s critics in 
media already left Russia or they were killed. 
Alternatively, they bent under the pressure of punishable 
threats (in contrast to Mrs. Politkovskaya) and ceased to 
write critically about Col. Putin.  
 

Nearly nobody had this time courage to still 

criticize Col. Putin. That is why number of murders 
decreased radically.   
 

Moreover, only a few criticizing journalists still 

remain working and alive. That is why protection of the 
Committee to Protect Journalists became effective. 
Marginalized, did not be formidable for Russian 
president.     
 

On the 23

rd

 of May – Mr Pavel Makayev, reporter 

from Rostov-on-Don was killed, but not due to political 
essays, but probably photographing night street racing, 
organized by Russian mafia.  
 

On the 28

th

 of July an exception was made – 

politician journalist from Dagestan, Mr Magomed 
Varisov was executed near his house. He had received 
threats before murder. He died and the case is still not 
clearly explained despite of engagement of the 
Committee to Protect Journalists.  
 

On the 31

st

 of August 2005 a journalist, Mr 

Alexander Piterky had been murdered. Three days after 
this time another journalist, Mr Vladimir Pashutin, of 
Smolensk was probably murdered. 
 

This year only Mrs. Kira Lezhneva, a reporter 

died in a homicide.   

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On the 8

th

 of January 2006 Mr Vagif Kochetkov, 

press worker of Trud was killed. 
 

On the 26

th

 of February Mr. Ilia Zimin, NTV 

Russia journalist, was murdered in his flat in Moscow.  
 

On the 4

th

 of May, Mrs. Oksana Teslo, a journalist 

died, after her summerhouse near Moscow went up in 
flames, in was a homicide. 
 

On the 14

th

 of May, Mr Oleg Barabyshkin, 

director of radio station in Chelabynsk was murdered.  
 

 On the 23

rd

 of May, Mr Vyacheslav Akatov, 

reporter of Business Moscow TV was murdered.  
 

On the 25

th

 of June, a camera operator Mr Anron 

Kretenchuk was murdered in Rostov-on-Don.   
 

On the 25

th

 of July a journalist, Mr Yevgeny 

Gerasimeko was murdered. 
 

On the 31

st

 of July Mr Anatoly Kozulin, a retired 

freelance journalist died in a homicide. 
 

On the 8

th

 of August 2006 Mr Alexander Petrov, 

editor-in-chef a magazine in Omsk was murdered with 
his family, during his holiday near Altai, Russia 
 

On the 17

th

 of August 2006, Mrs. Elina 

Ersenoyeva, Chechen press reporter, missed in Grozny, 
Chechnya. 
 

On the 13

th

 of September 2006 Mr Vyacheslav 

Plotnikov, of local TV in Voronezh was probably 
murdered. 
 

On the 7

th

 of October 2006 in an elevator of her 

house in Moscow, was murdered by a  contract killers, 
Mrs. Anna Politkovskaya, a freelance, political journalist, 
human rights worker and famous writer, author of inter 
alia bestsellers A Dirty War: A Russian Reporter in 
Chechnya
 (2001) and Putin’s Russia (2004). She died on 

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a birthday of Russian president, Col. Vladimir 
Vladimirovich Putin, people knowing her agree – Col. 
Putin could not get a better gift.   
 
 

 

(loiko-photo.com)   
Mrs. Anna Politkovskaya openly criticized Col. Putin. 
She  
probably did not have any other enemies. To this day we 
do  
not know who truly contracted murderers.   
    
    
 

On the 16

th

 of October Mr Anatoly Voronin, 

ITAR-TASS agency Moscow, was murdered.  
 

On the 28

th

 of December 2006 Mr Vadim 

Kuznetsov, editor-in-chief of a magazine in Saint 
Petersburg was also murdered. This was the last 
confirmed journalist murdered in Russia in 2006.  

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We cannot say that a power of Putin decreased, 

but it was a time when his cadence was coming to the 
end. Nobody had known than, what vision of Russia 
would show the present, leaving his office. Constitution 
prohibits being a president in Russia longer, then two 
cadencies, but in contrast to many democratic countries 
after one cadence gap, Col. Putin can come back.  
 

Than nobody knew if Col. Putin will have been 

retired, make a cadence gap of politics or will try to 
change constitution? 
 

Finally, he settled on Kremlin, his subordinated 

inferior from the government, Mr Dmitry Anatolevich 
Medvedev.      

 
 

Mr Dmitry Medvedev 

www.medvedev.kremlin.ru

  

 
 

(All the data above from 

http://journalists-

in-russia.org/journalists/index/

) 

Three days after the catastrophe, most of commentators 
and press agencies claimed that catastrophe was an 
assassination planed by Col. Vladimir Putin. Israeli press 
recalls (please notice that truthfully), that Mr Kaczynski 
was allegedly hated by Kremlin, for his anti-Russian 
views.
 On the 12

th 

of April 2010 (two days after 

Smolensk Air Disaster) Ha’aretz wrote that Russia’s 
solidarity with the Polish people about the Smolensk 
tragedy was ostensible. 
 

It is clearly visible, that all the Hebrew-language 

newspapers repeatedly described Mr Kaczynski’s anti-

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Russian foreign policy and that he was one of most 
reliable allies of USA.  
 

Please notice, that Mr Kaczynski actively 

supported Ukrainian president, Mr Viktor Yushchenko 
and Georgian leader Mr Mikhail Saakashvili in their 
conflicts with Col. Putin’s administration.    

 

 

 
 
Control 
panel of 
anty-
aircraft 
rocket 
launcher 
Grom. 
These 
Polish 

launchers were delivered to Georgia during their military 
conflict with Russia, on request of Mr Lech Kaczynski.  
Grom can be spaced in only 15s, and is able to kill 
supersonic aircraft.  
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
b/bb/MSPO2007-09.jpg/300px-MSPO2007-09.jpg 
 
 

Ha’aretz was very surprised, words of ambassador 

of Republic of Poland, Mrs. Aganeshka Magdzyak-
Mishevskoy (Polish writing: Angnieszka Magdziak-
Miszewska), who stated: “I’m truly surprised the 
international press speculates such allegations, but in 
Poland nobody believes in a conspiracy theory nor 

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accuses Russia for what happened.” The full interview 
was published by Ha’aretz April 12

th

. She stated that she 

believed in Medvedev and Putin’s sincerity when they 
spoke about their grief for the disaster victims.  
 

The first channel to mention the possibility of 

Putin’s involvement was the second ITV channel. 
“Kaczynski was a toreador’s red muleta for Putin and 
Medvedev” said the international news department editor 
Arad Nir, on the 10

th

 of April in the evening.  

 

A day after Mr Kaczynski death, on the 11

th

 of 

April the printed press heavily speculated conspiracy 
theories. “The Polish, who are used to be surrounded by 
enemies, can hardly believe that their political and 
military elite disappeared as a result of an accident 
caused by a tragic set of circumstances, technical failures 
and human mistakes” wrote Yediot Ahronot paper. 
 

Maariv, stated as following: “The smell of 

elimination. (…) Moscow promised to investigate, and 
Putin became the chief of the inquiry commission, but it’s 
less than probable the truth will be unveiled”

According to the political analyst, Mr Ynet Atila 
Somfalvi, Mr Kaczynski “could never bear with Russians 
and now they are the main suspects”. 
 

Even religious papers, for example Be-Hadrei 

Haredim, rarely interested in the international politics, in 
very characteristic, balanced tone suggested, that: “It’s 
possible that Russia and its leaders, who, saying the least, 
didn’t actually like Kaczynski, are responsible for his 
death.” 
 

Radio Reshet Bet aired a talk show with many 

journalists and analysts debating the true causes of 

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plane’s crash. Most of them accused Putin of being 
involved in Kaczynski’s death. 
 

According to Mr Gene Poteat, retired CIA officer: 

(http://www.charlestonmercury.com/articles/2010/06/15/
news/doc4c17d3f5734b3292394378.txt) 
 
 

However, this is a perfect place to explain one 

think. Listing the journalists killed in Russia was not 
however a way to mention Col. Putin as the guilty or as 
the only guilty. It was necessary to show what current 
situation in Russia is and how similar it is to Soviet 
Union. We can believe that Russian Federation became a 
Western civilization country. We can also compare Col. 
Putin to Mr Stalin, as above. But the real truth is only one 
– Russia is specific country and it is a great error to 
observe it, just like the Great Britain, a country of low, 
peace and thousands year of cultural tradition. We cannot 
also look at Russia through the prism of Soviet Union, 
and the thousands of people die every day. We can only 
look at Russia only just like at Russia. A country with 
pseudo-democratic system, so with free elections, just 
like in Great Britain, but also with no any real opposition 
just like Soviet Union. The country where foreign 
journalists can work, just like in Great Britain, but where 
nobody can feel safety - like in Soviet Union. Also 
thinking about Putin’s Russia, we cannot live behind 
tragedies in Beslan, Dobrovka on the Kursk, where 
hundreds of people died as a fault of governing and their 
services, as well as their inconceivable ruthlessness.  
 

Please also notice, that after tragedies in Beslan, 

Dobrovka, on Kursk, the head of Russian commission, 
the only commission became Col. Putin. Completely just, 

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like after the catastrophe of Polish aircraft. The head of 
Russian commission is also Col. Putin.  
 

Dishonesty of Russian investigation institutions, 

including Putin’s commission, MAK (with self-styled 
Polish representative Col. Edmund Klich), prosecution is 
clearly visible. That is why it is sure, that their work will 
not improve the flight safety.  
 

That is why the only possible way to improve 

flight security with not counting on Russian institutions 
is a careful consideration of all possible cases and 
factors. Technical, men and organizational factors, as 
well as a criminal (terrorism) act will be considered. 
Nevertheless, before it will be possible to analyze them 
objectivity it is necessary to ask on one question: qui 
bono. Who benefited? Polish government, Gazprom, Col. 
Putin, great Russian nation with 1000 years of history or 
maybe for example Burkina Faso African republic secret 
military intelligence? Qui bono?  
 

This question is also complex, because to answer 

on it, all the VIP-s on the board have to be included, but 
in the light of their relations with the forces, able to case 
the air disaster, which was very, very simple. Excluding 
God, Allah and Jack the Ripper, only Polish and Russian 
governments, as well as the terrorists should be 
contemplated. Terrorist attack’s probability is however 
very low, due to extremely low possibility of bombing 
attack (aircraft was under the special care of security 
services and soldiers) as well as lack of explosion and 
lack of sign of downing by a surface to air missile. 
Terrorists also have to have great problem with eventual 
sabotage – they never used this method. Of course, they 
also never before had used a method, they carried out 

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attack on the 11

th

 of September, but any terrorists did not 

have a motive. The only beneficent could be Russian and 
Polish governments or other unknown 
organizations/forces. For example Mr Witold S. 
Michalowski (pipeline designer, engineer, editor 
journalist, author of books concerning international 
politics, pipeline designing and petroleum industry, chef 
designer of pipelines in Nigeria and Canada, as well as 
petroleum and pipe installation in Iran, Iraq, Libya, weld 
technology author for the biggest European pipeline) 
indicates, that potential guilty of the catastrophe could be 
Russian international concern Gazprom. “Global 
business syndicates are able to do everything, as 
evidences history”
. Mr Michalowski, one of the best 
Siberia experts, recalls during Russian attack aircraft 
operation, he was a witness, when two Sukhoi aircraft 
attacked a group of Chechen children by combat 
weapons.  
 

According to Mr Michalowski also gen. Lebied, 

Putin’s opponent could be murdered, because probably 
the crew of his helicopter was not familiar with terrain, 
received error flight charts, using which they should 
contact energetic line, in a fog appearing every day, that 
valley. Moreover, according to Mr Michalowski before 
the crash a grave in Moscow, huge crucifix and 
thousands of flowers were ready to bless Lebied. There 
were probably, according to Mr Michalowski another 
factors indicates, that that was a murder in mountains of 
Krasnoyarsk – Gen. Lebied entered ambulance on his 
own, well-being, but get hospital in critical condition 
somehow. Moreover, local journalists investigating that 

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air disaster were changed and send aboard, just after had 
started their private investigation.  
 

Mr Michalowski however is very cautious with 

indicating guilty of Lebied’s crash, as well as Smolensk 
air disaster – he only lists the facts.  
 

However Mr Miroslaw Kuleba (journalist, 

reporter, essayist, absolvent of infrastructural engineering 
faculty, correspondent during Abkhazian War 1992-
1993, Yugoslavian Conflict 1993 and 1

st

 Chechen 

Conflict 1994-1996, as well as 2

nd

 Chechen conflict 

1999, author of 11 books concerning war and Russian 
internal politics aspects) states, that the aircraft of Mr 
Kaczynski could be downed for example by Shmel 
rocket weapon.  
 

Results of preliminary expertises published by 

Russian commission, examining catastrophe of 
presidential Tupolev, excluded so to say 'a priori' and 
indisputably a possibility of explosion on the board of the 
aircraft. However the character of damages, that the 
fuselage of presidential Tu-154 suffered with, kind of 
injuries to victims of the catastrophe and some 
significant details, concerning preservation conditions of 
objects found directly near the bodies draws myself 
picture, well known for mi from Russo-Chechen war, I 
saw as a journalists working with several Polish 
redactions  
 

During the first war in Chechnya in 1994-1996 

years, I spend among the Chechen fighters nearly 9 
month and I got to know many types of Russian weapons 
used by them.  
 

Nearly every warrior had on personal equipment 

one shot, personal anti-tank rocket launcher RPG-18 

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“Fly” or RPG-22 “Netto”, or similar to them, also put in 
short composite pipe rocket flame-thrower “Shmel”.  
 

A weapon with Russian name RPO-A (rakhtivnyi 

protivotankhovyi ogniemiot) “Shmel”, another words 
rocket flame-thrower, calibre 93mm is difficult to be 
classified. It as the most looks like one-shot anti-tank 
rocket launcher, because from plastic container it 
launches on a distance of several hounded meters not a 
fire stream, how could suggest name, but a capsule with 
thermo-baric missile (in other terminology volumetric). A 
rule of Shmel’s missile is however similar to an effect 
used in vacuum bombs: during explosion impulse of the 
extremely high temperature is joined by enormous 
pressure drop, destroying all alive power on the surface 
of 50-80 square meters. During a hit of the capsule into a 
panzer vehicle BVP, machine simply turns upside down 
and burns along with the crew.                          
 

Shmel appeared extreme efficient weapon in fight 

with Russian tanks and panzer vehicles. Effects of its 
work whole world saw during a tragedy in Beslan: 
Russian commandos used thermo-baric missiles in action 
of recapturing of the children massed in school.     
 

It exactly cased unimaginable massacre. Empty 

Shmel containers were found on the roofs of the building 
surrounding the school of which fire had been conducted.   
 

Nota bene – using of “Shmels” in such action 

discloses intense of the side used this murderous gun: 
they were going to be as many victims, as it was possible.  

Let's now come back to the wreckage of the 

presidential Tu-154. Underlined is unintelligible 
“disappearing” of passenger saloon, difficult in 

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explanation dismembered of whole fuselage section 
between the cockpit and a tail.    

Well, such effect is impossible in a falling down of 

the machine from and altitude of barely several meters 
and little speed, had not to be cased by an internal 
explosion, leaving very characteristic traces in sheathing 
of the aircraft.  

The same effect is able to be reached during 

detonating of thermo-baric capsule outside the fuselage.  

In such situation aircraft, which will be inside the 

vacuum formed by an explosion of fuel mixture, will be 
destroyed under force of inside pressure in hermetic 
board.  

This kind of explosion would have as destruction 

influence on passengers’ bodies. This is the essence of 
the conception on which design of this weapon is based: 
in a vacuum from the sprayed and detonated airborne 
fuel, which burn consumes all the oxygen on the area and 
forms vacuum, peoples’ bodies are parted into shreds, 
due to natural interior pressure.        

Identical effect brings for example decompression 

of astronaut’s suit during space walk in vacuum.  

One of the Chechen warriors told me about 

situation in house hit by Shmel, which he finds as the 
most terrible reminiscence of the war. He found 
apparently undisturbed cradle with sleeping baby inside. 
When he took the baby from the cover, body of the child 
came to bits in his hands.         

What important – the aircraft did not have to be 

hit by thermo-baric weapon, which would leave traces on 
the metal elements of sheathing. 

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Every such missile has its own auto-destroying, 

activating after reaching of set distance. Detonation 
could happened in a distance of even over a dozen meters 
to the fuselage.  

Intact would be objects, for example inside the 

pockets of victim’s clothes, covered of high temperature 
direct influence. 

More and more details of the catastrophe indicate 

suspicion of precision assassination conduction to kill 
head of state.  

Gloomy and possible scenario takes a shape: 

various instruments to lead the catastrophe, and after the 
pilot had taken hopeless attempt of leaving the deadly 
trap, when the manoeuvre of re-ascent – he was hit by 
rocket. It did not have to be a capsule of Shmel; it could 
be stronger thermo-baric missile, with the same base of 
action. It could be made on base of aviation fuel, to erase 
traces of manslaughter. However cannot be removed 
completely. If criminal scenario really took place, the 
specialists should perform inspection of wreckage 
remains again, with assumption of out of the fuselage 
explosion and vacuum effect force.   

   Maybe targeted is exhumation and medical re-

examination of the victims’ bodies. Or maybe the answer 
is on the satellite photos from the time of the accident, 
still undisclosed.                

    

 
Mr Kuleba reasoning is very interesting because: 

1.  The medical examinations of 95 bodies 

had been performed without Polish 
representatives by Russians. 
(

http://www.bibula.com/?p=21036

) 

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2.  Medical examinations results are still 

unavailable for Poland. 
(

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-

kaczynski-nie-zyje-2/kaczynski-
fakty/news-piotr-schramm-dziwi-mnie-
brak-protokolow-z-sekcji-
zwlok,nId,293435

 

3.  In official preliminary report MAK stated, 

that there was 100g force pressuring the 
bodies, impossible to act during terrain 
impact. (see

www.MAK.ru

) 

4.  The uniforms of the generals in contrast to 

the bodies survived the air disaster. 
(

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?da

t=20100807&typ=po&id=po01.txt

 

 
 

According to Dr. Tadeusz Augustynowicz, former 

LOT Polish Airlines and Air Force, military co-ordinator 
of airfields in Kabul (Afghanistan) and Prague (Czech 
Republic), former manager at London Heathrow Airport 
there is a high possibility to be statement of Mr Kuleba 
truth:  

1.  The aircraft wreckage is still kept by Russians.  
2.  The wreckage is not currently under examination 

– it is deteriorating under outdoor, under 
influence of water drops, wind and under 
security of a soldier with gun.  

3.  Recording from the Air Traffic Control tower, as 

well as Cockpit Voice Recorder of Russian Air 
Force Ilyushin Il-76M transport aircraft are 
ignored and top secret. 

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4.  There is still no even real time of the air disaster 

– there is only Russian-stated time of recording 
end- the recording which is somehow 1/3 longer 
then normally. This time is completely conflicted 
with time of energetic line cut as well as gen. 
Blasik’s watch stop.   

5.  Polish side did not receive black boxes.  
6.  All the international procedures concerning 

black boxes had been broken by MAK.  

7.  Black boxes before by the first time copied for 

Poland had been put in the safe of Gen. Anodina 
and protected only by… paper seal.   

8.  Fragments of bodies have been finding by people 

months after the catastrophe on the unprotected 
scene.   

9.  Polish prosecution burned received from Russia 

wears and uniforms.       

 

According to Mr Michalowski very possible 

motive was a sense of so-called Naimski’s report – 
analyse sent to Mr Lech Kaczynski in half of March, 
prepared by a group of international-known experts with 
former minister Mr Piotr Naimski as a head.  

Naimski indicated, that works of Mr Tusk’s 

government as well as Gazprom policy is going to 
subordinate Poland of Russian energy to 2037, to make 
Gazprom a monopolist in Central Europe gas market, 
remit USD milliard Gazprom debt to Poland, as well as 
to be Russian gas transfer through Poland… free.  

Kaczynski could only state, that a group of 

experts lead by ex-minister is a bunch of idiots or take 
some action. 
– stated Mr Michalowski. However, under 

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rules of count Bronislaw Komorowski, current president 
of Republic of Poland, Poland signed unprofitable and 
dangerous gas contract for 27 years. Count Komorowski 
is friend of Prime Minister Mr Tusk and member of his 
party, political opponent of late Mr Kaczynski.  

According to Czech journalist, Mr Karel Penkava: 

1.  Some of disclosed facts just after the 

tragedy with part of presidential plane 
induce serious doubts concerning 
Russians readiness and desire to co-
operation.  

2.  Fragments and conversations of PLF-101 

with ATC, quoted by PLF-044 crew are 
somehow not present in PLF-101 after 
crash black box CVR recording 
transcripts, received by Polish 
government from Russia.  

 
 

However, the article of Mr Penkava is perfect 

continuation of the preface of this publication, when a 
serious of Russian manslaughter had been listed.  
 

Mr Penkava states, that many people directly 

connected with the air disaster of the air disaster died, 
including: 

1.  Professor Marek Dulinicz – chef of Polish 

archaeologists expeditions, who were going to 
examine the scene of the air disaster to check 
weather some parts of the aircraft and bodies are 
still present there. Archaeologists did not go 
Smolensk.  

2.  Krzysztof Knyż – Polish journalist, a 

correspondent and operator working in Russia.  

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3.  Mieczyslaw Cieślar – new Polish protestants 

leader (a protestant bishop Col. Adam Pilch died 
in Smolensk) 

  

 

 

To the black series described by Mr Penkava also 

one murder should be add – author of movie showing 
aircraft’s wreckage woman voice and shots just after the 
catastrophe had been killed.  
 
 

Russians dissidents group extended an open letter, 

concerning Smolensk air disaster.  
 

 

 

Several hundred thousand people already know 

from the internet proclamation for the Russians, in which 
Polish presidential candidate, Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski 
was able to express honestly and cordially acknowledge 
those Russians, who in the most difficult for both our 
nations time, shown Polish sympathy and help.     
 

Russian authorities did not consider it 

appropriate to publish text of the proclamation or answer 
it. By the silence they evidenced, that all their official 
word an sympathy expressions by the reason of tragic 
death of president Kaczynski and accompanying him 
group of people, were only empty formality and came up 
not from honest heart (like some of us wanted to believe), 
but due to clearly passing reasoning. Unfortunately, that 
is nothing weird.  
 

However we are surprised and seriously afraid 

the investigation conduction, which had to explain 
circumstances and cased of the Tu-154 catastrophe near 
Smolensk. Na impression, that Russian authorities are 
not interested in explaining of all the catastrophe cases 

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appear, and Polish authorities repeat ensuring of 
Russian side full opening , nothing in fact demanding and 
only waiting patiently for the materials promised by 
Moscow.  
 

It is difficult to get rid of the impression that for 

the Polish government closeness to the current Russian 
authorities is more important than establishing the truth 
in one of the biggest national tragedy. 
 

It seems that Polish friends have a certain naive, 

forgetting that the interests of the current leadership in 
the Kremlin and Russia's neighboring nations countries 
are not convergent each other. 
 

We are concerned that in a similar situation the 

Polish independence as today, as tomorrow it may be 
seriously threatened. We hope that Polish citizens 
appreciating their freedom are able to protect it. Also in 
upcoming voting.   

Mr Victor Feinberg (dissident, opponent during 

Czechoslovakian intervention)  

Mr Alexander Bondariev (journalist and translator) 

Mr Vladimir Bukovskyi (dissident of Soviet Union and 

Putin’s Russia) 

Mrs. Natalia Gorbanevskaya (pro-democratic activist) 

Andrei Illarinov (former Putin’s advisor, now 

oppositionist, economist)    

 

 

 

The only notable international reaction is proposal 

of United States Congressman, Mr Peter King, to be an 
international commission founding requested by US 
Congress.  
 

http://www.redakcja.newsweek.pl/Tekst/Swiat/537840,K

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ongresmen-peter-king-chce-miedzynarodowego-
sledztwa-ws-smolenska.html

 

 
 

Mr Peter King requests to establish international 

investigation to examine cases of the air disaster.  
 

 

 

1.3 The motive 

 
 

Background section can indicate mistakenly that 

only the journalists are murdered regularly in 
manslaughters in Russia.  
 

Last several years evidence perfectly authenticy 

of old saying assigned for Joseph Stalin: “One killed is 
tragedy, millions of killed is a statistic”.  
 

In the millions also presidents are included, for 

example president of Ukraine, Mr Victor Yushchenko, 
who only by a miracle maintained live, democratic and 
anty-Russian politician, who had been poisoned in 2004.  
 

According to Dr. Michael Zimpfer of 

Rudolfinerhaus clinical tests evidenced that dioxins had 
been used in murder attempt. 

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S01406736096
09120

 

 

Also Dr. John Henry, toxicologist with London 

St. Mary’s Hospital indicated dioxins in his analyzes.     
 

Please however notice, that due to natural links, 

based on thousand years of history without own country, 
and millions of people living in diasporas all over the 
world, as the best informed in the world must be fingered 
the Israeli press. 

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Israeli people, not only are the best informed, but 

also, due to their temperament respond the most quickly 
and do never beat around the bush. 
 

In contrast to press in Great Britain, Poland or 

Canada, Israeli press does not believe the Russian and 
authorities of Col. Vladimir Putin.  
 

    

 

According to Israeli press, Smolensk Air Disaster 

is a typical Kremlin assassination.  
 

Ha’aretz, which is probably the best newspaper in 

Israel (Israeli press would be perfect if only not so 
expensive), wrote, also, “Few hours after the accident, 
conspiracy theories about Putin’s involvement, based on 
his tensioned relationship with Kaczynski, spread 
throughout Poland”.   
 (http://www.jurnal.md/en/news/israeli-press-accuses-
putin-of-kaczynski-s-elimination-184453/) 
 

 

“The trip to Smolensk was expected to highlight 

Russia

 finally admitting culpability in the massacre, after 

long having blamed it on the Germans, an atrocity they 
had tried to conceal for over 70 years. As for the 
reception committee, it had different ideas. 

Putin

 wasn’t 

looking forward to such an occasion. Included in this 
poisonous reception brew was President Kaczynski’s 
well-known public criticism of Moscow an

Putin

, a habit 

that has ended the lives of others within 

Russia

 — and 

abroad. A few discouraging Russian requirements — 
such as that Kaczynski could not attend in any official 
capacity — did not halt the 

Poles

. Kaczynski would go 

anyway on non-official, “personal” business. To 

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Russians, such a distinction would be meaningless, not 
lessening the possible international excoriation of such 
an event. A 

problem

 ripe for a modern, Russian solution: 

a tragic, “natural” accident. 

Yes. The airplane crashed at 8:41 a.m. Moscow time, 
April 10, on its final approach to the Smolensk airport, in 
bad weather, killing all 96 people on board. Practically 
everyone in 

Poland

, and many others around the world, 

strongly suspected that 

Russia

, especially 

Putin

, must 

have had a hand in the crash. Not an unusual claim since 
the same accusations followed the poisoning and/or 
mysterious “natural” deaths o

Putin

 critics:  Anna 

Politkovskaya, Alexander Litvinenko, among others.” 

 (

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/2,484507.html

 

 

 

President Mr Lech Kaczynski had been elected 

as a president in 2005, defeating Donald Tusk (now a 
prime minister). 
(

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8612843.stm

). That time also 

his brother Jaroslaw Kaczynski had won parliamentary 
voting and formed a new government. According to 
United States Congress Research Centre analytic, Mr 
Carl Ek the presidency and prime minister's 
post are held by Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, identical 
twin brothers who have increasingly consolidated their 
power. Their government's nationalist policies have 
caused controversy domestically, in both the political and 
economic arenas, and in foreign relations as well. 
Relations with some neighbouring states and the 

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European Union have been strained at times, but ties with 
the United States have not undergone significant change. 
Some observers believe that a recent dispute within the 
coalition may spark early elections. 
 

This was a time of warming in Polish-America 

relations. However also the time of great dissatisfaction 
of Russian authorities and Col. Putin. The reason was 
simple - natural Russian aversion to United States, based 
especially on the Cold War experiences, when Col. Putin 
had been working in KGB. The dissatisfaction however 
comes also from 800 years of history of Russian 
aspiration to concerning Poland and Central Europe.  
   

 

 

According to Mr Gene Poteat: 

 The crash of the plane wiped out the cream of the top 
officials who were behind the push to expose the secret 
police files of past and current collaborators of both the 
Polish and Soviet/Russian secret police. With these 
people now dead, there is no political top cover 
in 

Poland

 to continue this effort. This is exactly what 

Putin

 wanted. Prime Minister 

Tusk

 is a weak and 

manipulability guy who hated the late Polish president. 
The Russians now have their creature to work in place, 
with no opposition from a strong anti-communist 
president. 
Policy-wise, the Russians saw our decision to grovel 
before them (the “reset,” the giving up of ballistic missile 
defense after we promised the Czechs and 

Poles

, our 

acquiescence to their activities in Georgia and 

Ukraine

our begging for their non-help on Iran, et. al.) as a green 

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light to do what they did with the plane crash. They 
concluded we would say nothing — and we did not. 
And what, if anything, can America do? Nothing. Our 
plate is full with wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, a vast 
ecological disaster unfolding in the Gulf, North Korea 
starting the next war between the Koreas, and at home, 
unrest over the illegal invasion of America by Latinos 
hiding under the misapplied term of “immigrant,” a 
failing economy, and other political tsunamis. Besides, 
strategic utility isn’t reserved only for Turks. Aren’t the 
Russians helping in America’s war on terrorism? That 
means American outrage and concerns over the Polish 
“accident” will have to be as hollow and toothless 
as 

Russia

’s “investigations” to solve the crash mystery. 

The 

Poles

, however, see this as Yalta II, i.e., another sell-

out by the U.S. 

Poland

 is seething over this; the Obamisti 

may think this will fade away, but the 

Poles

 and the rest 

of Central Europe know better. For them this is a 
monumental betrayal. 
Life — as is history — is unfair. The 

Poles

 are in the 

same spot as the Armenians, the Somalis, the Tutsi, the 
American Indians, the Incas, the Eskimos and others. 
Crucial alliances trump acknowledgement of prior bad 
acts. I ignore your genocides, you ignore mine. The 
guilty get a free pass. Or, in the argot of modern TV 
sitcoms:  Nobody Talks, Everybody Walks. And then 
there is the old KGB saying, “It is no accident, comrade! 
There were so several people, could be called “enemies” 
by Russia or Mr Tusk.  

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  According to Prof. Peter Cheremushkin, Moscow State 
University, an expert in Polish-Russian relations 
research, relations between modern Poland and Russia 
suffer from constant difficulties.  
(http://file.wikileaks.org/file/crs/RS22509.txt)   
 

During last several years, thick dividing line is 

visible between two independent Polish foreign relation 
politics. First, of the Prime Minister, Mr Tusk, pro-
Russian and second of the President Mr Lech Kaczynski 
anty-Russian.  
 

There were some people, could be called 

“enemies” by Russia or Mr Tusk.  
 
Eventual motives analyses.  

Person 
(function) 

For Donald Tusk 

For Moscow 

Lech Kaczynski 
 
(president, law 
professor)  

-Political opponent 
-Re-election 
candidacy 
-Independent 
foreign politics 
-Knowledge about 
contents of secret 
annex to a report 
describing Polish 
military 
intelligence 
liquidation and 
establishing new 
secret service. 
Former (WSI) was 
establishing banks, 

-Opponent in 
international 
politics 
-Supporting 
independence of 
Ukraine 
-Surviving  
independence of 
Georgia  
-Supporting 
Latvia in 
conflict with 
Russia 
-Criticizing Col. 
Putin 
-Planes of 

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political parties, 
sponsoring mafia 
and terrorists, 
trading arms, 
killing people. It is 
possible, that the 
annex blamed Mr 
Tusk or member of 
his party.   
-After death 
replaced by former 
WSI supervisor (as 
deputy defense 
minister) count 
Bronislaw 
“Bronek” 
Komorowski.  

building 
pipeline steer 
clear of Russia 
to Europe.  
-Projects of 
shale gas in 
Poland and $ 
milliards tolls of 
Gazprom. 
-Requesting of 
Russian files 
concerning 
Katyn Massacre  
disclosing.      

Slawomir 
Skrzypek  
 
(Head of 
central bank, 
economist) 

-Independent from 
the prime minister 
Tusk (but also the 
president) financial 
politics.  
-Prohibiting of 
transferring his 
bank’s profits to 
central budget. 
-Reluctance to 
Euro money 
(follower of British 
monetary 
arrangements)   

-Opponent of 
the Gazprom’s 
dept remitting 
by Polish 
government.  
-Replaced by 
leftist and pro-
Russian 
economist Mr 
Marek Belka 

Franciszek 

-Agreed to 

-Planes of 

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Gagor 
 
(Chef of 
National Staff, 
general, 
military expert, 
English 
philologist)  

liquidate WSI 
-Very respectable 
commander, fully 
independent from 
the defense 
minister, due to his 
authority.     
-After had died 
replaced by advisor 
of the defense 
minister.  

NATO to be 
Gagor NATO 
military head.  
-Knowledge 
about NATO 
secrets 
-Secret 
documents with.   
-Not studying in 
Russia or SU 
-Replaced by 
the men who 
was studying in 
Soviet Union 

Janusz Kurtyka 
 
(Chef of 
National 
Remembrance 
Institute, 
historian)  

-Controversies 
about his Institute 
publications 
concerning i.a. 
political 
environment of Mr 
Tusk’s government 
-Independence 
from the 
government.      

-Going to 
disclose files of 
communistic 
secret police, 
shaming Russia, 
operating these 
data – kept in 
archives of 
GRU and have 
influence on 
Polish 
politicians, 
including Mr 
Komorowski, 
who was only 
one member of 
parliament 
voting against 

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liquidation of 
WSI secret 
service co-
operating with 
Russian GRU.   

Andrzej Blasik 

-Nominated by Mr 
Lech Kaczynski 
-Nearly to be 
dismissed by Mr 
Klich, MD minister 
of defense, but 
according to 
Gazeta Wyborcza 
“protected” by 
Kaczynski   
-After died staff 
com-out in PAF 

-Graduated 
studies in US, 
replaced by the 
man, who 
graduated 
studies in Soviet 
Union 

Andrzej 
Karweta 
 
(admiral of 
fleet)  

-Nominated by Mr 
Lech Kaczynski 

-Graduated 

Royal College of 
Defense Studies

 

in London,  
-NATO 
commander and 
expert 
(submarine 
fighting and 
mine clearance 
aspects) 
- Replaced by 
the man who 
inter alia studied 
in Soviet Union 

Tadeusz Buk 

-High stage of 

-NATO expert 

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(general, land 
forces 
commander)  

independence  

and commander 
of International 
division in Iraq, 
deputy 
commander of 
NATO 
consolidated 
forces training 
centre, deputy 
commander of 

Combined 
Security 
Transition 
Command 

– 

Afghanistan 
CSTC-A 

Mr Wladyslaw 
Stasiak (head of 
presidential 
office)
  

-The most trusted 
officer of Mr 
Kaczynski 

On the 26

th

 of 

March 
organized anty-
Gazprom 
seminar among 
experts.  

 
  
 

According to Dr. Witold Waszczykowski, 

former deputy head of National Security Bureau, former 
deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland and 
ambassador of Poland in Teheran, Iran, there is a policy 
of European expansion of Russia that Mr Kaczynski was 
an opponent.  
 

  As stated by Mr Waszczykowski, Mr Sergei 

Karaganov, head of Council of Foreign Politics 
appointed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the 

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Kremlin is promoting the idea of creating an union 
between Russia and Europe.  

http://rt.com/Interview/2008-10-
07/Interview_with_Sergey_Karaganov.html

 

According to him – Waszczykowski relates – it is the 
only way for surviving of the Western Civilisation. This 
demands to establish the “united forces of power”. The 
OSCE (Organization of Security and Co-Operation in 
Europe) is now holding the negotiation concerning this 
matter on the isle of Corfu. President Medvedev and 
minister Lavrov are the authors of this project.    

http://www.radiomaryja.pl/artykuly.php?id=1073
42

 

 

On the 20

th

 of August 2010 Mr Dmitry 

Medvedev, President of Russian Federation stated, that 
Russia reserved the key role in the region of Caucasus  It 
had signed an agreement with Armenian Republic for 
prolongation the stay of Russian armed forces’ base in 
this country (in Gyumri) up to 2044 year.  

http://www.eurasianet.org/node/61780

 

 

Next agreement is to be signing with 

Azerbaijan. Russia will sell them two complexes of S-
300 Favourite high-speed surface to air missiles. The S-
300 are already spaced in Abkhazia and South Osetia. 
Russian Black Sea Navy at the Crimea, Ukraine, 
quartered in Sevastopol and Novoryisk seaports will stay 
to 2042.  

http://www.ewi.info/sevastopol-europes-date-
history

 

Up to the 10

th

 of April 2010 Mr Lech Kaczynski was the 

only one, who crossed Russian path and opposed Russian 
plans to realise the idea formulated by Mr Karaganov.  
Mr Kaczynski had united the East and Middle Europe to 
be independent from Russia.  

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http://www.kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2010/0
4/12/11839.shtml

 

Now Russian road to divide Europe on two is again 
opened. The history repeats itself.   
     
 

2. 

Information process and investigation analyzes 

2.1 

Credibility of the investigation  

In the international aviation experience, there were 

thousands of catastrophes and air disasters. Only three 
ultimate intercessions had been noticed – an error of 
flyer, machine systems malfunction or a criminal act. No 
catastrophe cased by pressure on pilots had been 
noticed.

1

   

Nevertheless, leading Polish media seek only to 

convince to public opinion a version assuming a pilot’s 
error forced by Polish president Mr Lech Kaczynski
who had to force landing in heavy fog. Any official or 
credible evidence has not confirmed this version. It also 
stands in complete contradiction with the Cockpit Voice 
Recorder transcripts.   

This version is very convenient both for the 

government of Mr Donald Tusk

2

, in political opposition 

to Mr Lech Kaczynski

3

, and for Russian Interstate 

Aviation Committee (MAK) of Moscow, which 
certified: 

 

The aircraft’s designer

 4 

 

The aircraft

  Its renovation in Samara (2009)

6

   

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A facility were it was made

 

both facilities were it was renovated

 

a facility which overhauled the aircraft’s engines

 

a facility which overhauled the aircraft’s 
hydraulics and Auxiliary Power Units

10 

 

probably also an airfield

11 

The average price of the MAK’s certificate rises about 

$3.000.000

12

. For example by Joint Stock Company 

Aviacor” Samara Aircraft Plant three another 
certificates are held. This corporation carried out the 
aircraft’s overhaul in December 2009, which entailed 
series of serious defects (including “steerage block” 
failure in January 2010 during a rescue operation on 
Haiti, after tragic earthquake. The aircraft carried Polish 
rescuers with rescue dogs and search equipment had a 
defect during the mission at a stop in Puerto-Rico

13

).  

This all brings MAK’s credibility to zero, because it is 

responsible for the quality of the aircraft (facilities, 
aerodromes, devices), that are certificated by MAK, but 
moreover MAK certificates are so expensive, as can be 
considered as a form of corruption.

14 

Polish mainstream media not only force-out MAK’s 

version, but also extend it by Mr Kaczynski’s pressure to 
the pilots hypothesis. The actions of the media are likely 
to be correlated with the activities of MAK (in particular, 
with the sequence of next MAK’s reports)

15

. The 

activities of newspapers, online portals, radio and 
television is carried at the two stages: 

1.  Disinformation

16

. Transmission to the public 

opinion many, each other conflicting 
informations. Overwhelming public opinion 

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thousands of pieces of information. Removing 
the ability to understand events, and distractions 
by different kind of hypotheses concerning rather 
scenario, then causes of the air disaster.  

2.  Indoctrination of the pilot’s error version and 

president’s Mr Lech Kaczynski (and Air Force 
Commander-in-Chief Gen. Andrzej Blasik) role 
in pressuring on the pilots to land in heavy fog. 
Opinions and statements of experts are mainly 
used to convince confused viewers much 
differing from factual version of events.   

These two items are nothing more than two stages of 

brainwashing

17

, propaganda base. Not least, they are not 

so separated from each other, as in the purely totalitarian 
propaganda, because from the first minutes after the time 
of accident, in public opinion, faith in assassination could 
be noticed. Of course, to this day we do not know if it 
was an attack or (failure is equally possible)

18

, but to 

reduce public the tendencies to conspiracy theories

19

inculcation faze also has been introduced. Other words 
beside disinformation, an official version, currently well 
exhibited by Polish mainstream media had been 
inculcated since the first minutes.  

How to mistake the truth – brief instruction by Josef 

Stalin 

The disinformation is the best indication if in an affair 

Russian intelligence had been taking part. The 
disinformation was one of the biggest Russian weapons, 
which make them able to easy defeat Germany in Europe 
and Japan in Central Asia. Disinformation was the base 

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of the propaganda, the only factor of interior, foreign, 
social and ideological policy of Soviet Union. The 
disinformation was also clearly visible during Russo-
Georgian war, conflict in Chechnya, several hundred 
accidents in Russia, including terrorist attack in Moscow 
underground, Nevsky Express attack, Bieslan school 
assault, Dobrovka theatre special action, Kursk sinking, 
but also foreign affairs – for example Mr Alexander 
Litvinenko killed by Russian intelligence, because the 
Polonium killed him travelled London from Moscow.  

According to Mr James H. Fetzer, American professor 

and conspiracy theories specialist, disinformation was an 
inherent part of Mr John Fitzgerald Kennedy 
assassination.  

The subject of disinformation appears to be far more 
deserving of study by members of the assassination 
research community than it seems to have had in the 
past. Disinformation involves the dissemination of 
incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise misleading 
information with the objective, goal, or aim of deceiving 
others about the truth. Sometimes the source is 
accurately acknowledged (this might be called "overt" 
disinformation), but sometimes it is concealed by 
providing no identification or by providing misleading 
identification (call this "covert"). The quantity and 
quality of disinformation may be difficult to judge, but it 
should be viewed more or less on a par with acts of lying, 
but where the motives that usually bring about lying (to 
preserve a relationship, to conceal an affair, to secure a 
loan, and such) are displaced by other, often political, 
motives, aims, or goals. Because this subject has received 

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so little attention, my purpose here in raising the issue is 
to create 
the opportunity for further discussion by advancing MY 
OPINIONS in the hope of encouraging others to offer 
their own views in order to promote theorizing about 
disinformation. 
Therefore cases of nearly all Soviet Union secret actions 
indicate clearly that if it is not possible to cover an action 
it should be prolonged by a disinformation process. 
Another kind disinformation was a part of Kennedy 
assassination. Consequentially analysing disinformation 
after Kaczynski’s death it is possible to detect 
assassination or Russian intelligence traces. However 
please notice that both the traces are clearly visible on 
common sense… 

 

2.2 

Just after the catastrophe 

As far beck as the 10

th

 of April (!) two-piece of such 

information had been noticed: 

1.  Russian Member of Parliament (Duma) Mr 

Vladimir Jirinovskiy: “A kind of role in the 
catastrophe could play a stubbornness of 
President of Republic of Poland”. 

20

   

2.

  Mr Waclaw Radziwinowicz, journalist of Polish 

daily “Gazeta Wyborcza” (the biggest and the 
most popular newspaper of Poland): „When the 
Polish pilot refused landing in airport of Tibilisi, 
referring to the extremely difficult conditions 
Kaczynski shouted at him and threatened, and 

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then was a big scandal that the pilot did not 
comply with an order of the president. The pilot 
was discarded from service and did not return 
until the time of Prime Minister Tusk. Above 
Smolensk could happened something like this!” 

21 

The sentence of Mr Waclaw Radziwinowicz (number 2) 
is completely incompatible with the reality

22

  “Polish pilot refused landing at airport 

in Tibilisi” – it is not truth. The situation 
happened on the 12

th

 of August 2008, 

when Polish Air Force HQ and 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment 
Commander Col. Tomasz Pietrzak did 
not permitted Pilot-In-Command of 
presidential aircraft, Capt. Grzegorz 
Pietruczuk
 to change flight destination 
from Ganja, Azerbaijan, on Tibilisi, 
Georgia as ordered Mr Kaczynski. Gen. 
Krzysztof Załęski, PAF chef of staff 
decided to permit only on flight to Ganja, 
and then from Ganja to Tibilisi. President 
Mr Lech Kaczynski finally decided to 
travel from Ganja by car. During the visit 
in Georgia unsuccessful attempt on the 
Mr Kaczynski was noticed – his car was 
probably shoted by a sniper

23

, near front 

line (Chingvali, Georgia). At least two 
shots were performed.  

  “Referring to the extremely difficult 

conditions” – that is also not truth. 
Weather conditions over Tibilisi on the 

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12

th

 of August 2008 were very good. The 

reasons of not making a flight directly to 
Tibilisi were three: lack of diplomatic 
permission from Georgia, lack of data 
about the airport status after Russian 
bombing and presence of Russian 
fighters in the Georgian air space, 
without friend-foe identification 
receivers comparable with receivers 
mounted on the board of presidential 
aircraft.

24

  

   “Kaczynski shouted at him and 

threatened” – that is also not truth. As it 
was confirmed – Mr Kaczynski asked 
the pilot “who is [constitutional] chef of 
the armed forces?”
. Pilot-In-Command 
replied: “You, Mr President”. “So please 
do my request and fly to Tibilisi” – 
Kaczynski ordered. Despite this the 
flight directly to Tibilisi was not madden 
due to procedures and flight regulations 
that PIC had to comply.   

  “The pilot was discarded from service” – 

that is not truth. Capt. Grzegorz 
Pietruczuk was never discarded from 
service. After the time of incident before 
a flight to Georgia, he was immediately 
medalled by Minister of National 
Defense in Donald Tusk’s government 
Bogdan Klich, MD. Capt. Grzegorz 
Pietruczuk
 is 36

th

 Special Air Transport 

Regiment pilot even now. Please also 

background image

 

notice that in Republic of Poland 
President is not able to throw a pilot 
away from work.

25

   

  “didn’t return until the time of Prime 

Minister Tusk” – this sentence seems to 
be fully aware of the lie. Mr Donald 
Tusk
 has been a Prime Minister of 
Republic of Poland since the 16

th

 of 

November 2007, so he was already PM 
at the time of incident (12

th

 of August 

2008).

26

  

However, in the background, disinformation processes 
were also clearly visible. As a piece of evidence must be 
treated official, information noticed also on the 10

th

 of 

April 2010. 

On the 11

th

 of April, “Gazeta Wyborcza” quoted Mr 

Aleksandr Bastykin, Deputy Attorney General of 
Russian Federation, who standing alongside of Prime 
Minister Vladimir Putin stated that: “Recording of the 
conversations of pilots of Tu-154 which crashed near 
Smolensk indicates, that after ignoring Russian 
recommendations, the Polish crew decided to land”. 

27 

This sentence can be treated only as official, because of 
the rank of the man who firmed it. It was not only 
presented and quoted by Polish “Gazeta Wyborcza”, but 
also by Russian media, especially by newsru.com. Now 
we know that “reading” of Cockpit Voice Recorder took 
MAK

28

 weeks

29

 and Mr Bastykin could not know it on 

the 10

th

 of April when he should tell it.  

The article (“Pilots landed contrary to 

recommendations. It is confirmed by conversations 

background image

 

recordings”)

30

, in which Mr Bastykin’s sentences are 

quoted, had been published on the 12

th

 of April (Monday) 

on the front page of “Gazeta Wyborcza”. On the 
website of this Polish daily, gazeta.pl, the time of the last 
actualization concerning this article is specified very 
precisely: 01:03AM, 11.04.2010 (Sunday). It means that 
it is concerning only the information from the day of 
catastrophe, when: 

1.  The Russians had known causes of catastrophe 

before commission started first investigation 
works.  

2.  The Russians had known contents of CVR 

recordings before their opening, examination and 
reading works had been even started. 

3.  The official version, which is currently presented 

by MAK was already created (at the day of 
catastrophe!).  

In the same article, other disinformation relations can 

be noticed. “Gazeta Wyborcza” wrote as following: 

  “Due to bad weather conditions: fog and 

terrible visibility, the Russians recommended 
landing at the airport in Minsk – informed the 
Prime Minister President’s representative 
Georgiy Poltavchenko, who was waiting at the 
airfield on the Polish delegation and was a 
witness of the catastrophe. He told – as 
reported newsru.com, - that during the landing 
of the aircraft, engines’ noise could not be 
heart, but only few strange beats. ‘Where you 
first at the place of event?’ – asked Putin
‘within three minutes’ – Poltavchenko 

background image

 

answered.”  - we can only ask how did he 
know (as a “witness”) what had Air Traffic 
Control recommended Polish Air Force 
aircraft? It is not possible for him to hear radio 
conversations, while he was standing on the 
airfield, waiting for Polish delegation to 
welcome them as a representative delegated by 
President Dimitriy Miedviediev.  

 

 “According to the Russian Transport Minister 
Igor Levtin, pilot of Polish airplane  decided to 
land on his own, although the visibility was 
only 400 meters, despite  it is necessary 1000 
meters - informs Interfax news agency”

31 

Nevertheless, the most clearly disinformed gen. 
Aleksandr Aloshyn, Deputy Chef of Staff of Russian 
Air Force (VVS). He spoke probably falsely

40

, that crew 

of the presidential aircraft repeatedly failed to comply the 
flight controller’s commands. Now, after CVR transcripts 
are published, we know that only one command was not 
executed – “go around”, which had been only one time, 
when the aircraft was flaying below the glideslope for a 
long time

32

, moreover after hitting trees on the terrain

33

.    

General Aloshyn told as fallows (10.04.2010)

34

  “the crew of the aircraft with the Polish president 

did not respond to the warnings, what 
unfortunately  led to a tragedy.
” – CVR was not 
opened yet. That is why he could not know about 
the systems warning. The same applies to ATC 
warnings.  

  “When the crew had not accomplish flight control 

chef commands, he several times commanded to 

background image

 

direct the aircraft to alternative airport” – that is 
not truth. ATC chef at Smolensk-North 
aerodrome, Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin had not 
directed aircraft to alternative airport, did not 
recommended to fly to alternative airport

35

 and 

did not close the aerodrome for landing and take-
off operations although he was obligated to do it 
by aviation rules.

36

   

 

“Aircraft Tu-154M with Polish president Lech 
Kaczynski
 on the distance of 50km entered the 
zone and by the chef of flights

37

 had been 

informed about poor weather conditions in the 
region

38

 of planned landing.

39

 It was 

recommended for him to fly to the alternative 
aerodrome. (…) The crew – unlikely did not 
cease descending and everything ended 
tragedious.”

41 

All sentences quoted above, are a kind of focus, a 

direction of the whole disinformation process, that have 
been started on the next day – on the 11

th

 of April 2010. 

Please notice, that Russians clearly identified a cause of 
the air disaster several hours after it had happened, at the 
time when body of Polish President Mr Kaczynski still 
was laying profaned in the mud.

42 

In Russia, there is a tendency of blame on the dead, 

after each air disaster. This tendency is the most 
comfortable as a background of the investigation and 
political processes around it - both for Russians as for the 
Polish government of Mr Donald Tusk, and a new 
president from the Tusk’s formation PO (Civic Platform) 
count Bronislaw Komorowski.

43

 We do not exactly 

background image

 

know if anybody is guilty, but it is clearly evidenced, that 
a target of the investigation is to cover the truth.  

2.3 

Next days 

(Up to 72 hours after the catastrophe)  

On the 11

th

 of April 2010 at 14:45, “Gazeta 

Wyborcza” published again disinformation article, titled: 
“Investigative findings: catastrophe couldn’t be caused 
by technical problems”. This publication demonstrates 
conclusively that: 

  Supported by MAK even now hypothesis, 

that there were no failures concerning the 
aircraft, appeared a day after catastrophe, 
before the time of opening Flight Data 
Recorder, and before Russian technical 
commission of MAK has started 
investigational works.  

As (dis)informs “Gazeta Wyborcza”: “Russian 
investigators working at the prosecutor’s office initially 
ruled out, that presidential aircraft catastrophe in 
Smolensk could be cased by technical problems”
.

44

 This 

information is double sourced, because the same 
communicate had been published by Polish second-
largest press agency IAR, public institution. Quoted by 
IAR and “Gazeta Wyborcza” Mr Aleksandr Bastrykin
“Head of Investigation Committee of Russian Attorney 
Office” declared as follows: “The Tupolev, on the board 
of which to Katyn

45 

on the anniversary celebrations 

president was flaying, was in excellent condition”  

background image

 

That is not a place for polemics, but please notice that 

not every 20-years old Soviet aircraft, enjoys excellent 
condition
, especially according to very large repair card 
index of Polish Air Force 101.

46 

In the technical part of the book all Flights Registers’ 

history, and known data will be described. In this section 
disinformation, evidence should be however shown. By 
the biggest and the most popular Polish daily “Gazeta 
Wyborcza
” as follows had been written

47

 on the 11

th

 of 

April, when no flight recorders had been opened yet: 

“Russian investigators and Polish experts begun 
examination of the “black boxes” of the presidential 
airplane, which crashed on Saturday morning at 
Smolensk - announced on Sunday Russian prosecutor’s 
office. Experts agreed that the tape recording flight 
parameters has moved inside the “black box”. As 
reported by PAP

48

, also evidence at Okecie

49

 had been 

secured.”  - A kind of inaccuracy is clearly shown after 
reading official communicates, which had been published 
time after the one quoted above. 

Moreover, a scale of disinformation in mainstream 

media of Poland was much larger. For example focused 
on intellectualists and regarded as greatest and most 
opinion forming in Poland daily “Rzeczpospolita” (Eng. 
“The Republic”) published on Monday, 12

th

 of April 

2010, 48 hours from the time of air disaster quoted Polish 
prosecutors Mr Andrzej Seremet, Attorney General of 
Republic of Poland, and Col. Krzysztof Parulski, Head 
of Supreme Military Prosecution. Probably as a subtle 
element of polemics with competitive “Gazeta 
Wyborcza” article had been titled: ”There is no 

background image

 

information that has been a pressure on pilots”. Polish 
prosecutors, according to “Rzeczpospolita” told on a 
press briefing as following

50

  Mr Andrzej Seremet

“experts will try to ‘pick up’ 
background of conversations from 
cockpit, to confirmed if there have 
been any suggestions for pilots” 

“On this stage of investigation there 
are no data from which it would 
appear, that the pressure on the pilots 
to landed in spite of difficult 
conditions was exerted”  

  Col. Krzysztof Parulski

“The third ‘black box’ is found.” 

“We forwarded it to Moscow, to the 
same Polish-Russian team, that is 
analyzing previous two recorders” 

“A preliminary examination indicated 
that it was not damaged, but 
everything will turn out after it will be 
opened” 

“The box records co-called increased 
flight parameters, and from the 
content of its recordings also 
appropriate conclusions will be 
reached” .     

“There are no obstacles that in some 
fundamental manner would impede 
reading of information.” 

“Confirmed in contents of black 
boxes’ recording is version most 

background image

 

probable – concerning landing in 
difficult weather conditions”.       

Article described above reports also that Col. Parulski 
assessed cooperation with Russian services as 
exemplary”.  

Therefore, we can draw the following conclusions: 

1.  Polish Investigators (although they were 

glorifying cooperation with the Russians) stayed 
in conflict with Russian communicates.  

2.  On 48 hours from the time of catastrophe so-

called “forced landing” version, currently most 
likely in Polish mainstream media was 
preliminary excluded.  

3.  The investigators were working rather to find any 

evidence of pressure on the pilots, than cause of 
the air disaster. 

4.   Informations from quoted in this section articles 

of “Gazeta Wyborcza” have been demented 
officially a day after.  

5.

   Black boxes: Mars-BM Flight Data Recorder and 

ATM Quick Access Receiver have been found 
10-11

th 

of April, and Flight Data Recorder on 12

th

 

of April 2010.

51 

6.  Quotes of Polish prosecutors show that they two 

days after catastrophe tried to indicate as a cause 
of catastrophe pilot’s error, completely like 
MAK. They became participants in 
disinformation. 

2.4 

Mourning time 

background image

 

(12

th

-16

th

 of April 2010) 

Disinformation reached it’s apogee in the first week 

after the air disaster. Lots of staying in conflict with each 
other pieces of news had been published by media and 
press agencies all over the world.  

At this time, Poland was in mourning. State flags were 

lowered to half a mast. Millions of people put flowers 
and candles on the pedestrian crossing in front of the 
Presidential Palace in Warsaw. Under these conditions, 
more and more speculations about the causes of 
catastrophe were presented by media but also statistical 
citizens. All of the versions (from pilots’ error up to 
assassination or terrorist attack) were confirmed by many 
different pieces of information, from many different 
sources, both official and unofficial. At the same time, 
many another, different pieces of information negated 
them.

52  

Due to the disinformation, (misinformation) public 

opinion was very confused. On the 12

th

 of April 2010 at 

11:38 on Polish portal niezalezna.pl, (“independent” 
short information was published, concerning an article 
from weekly “Wprost” (“directly”)

53

. According to the 

portal and “Wprost” 48 hours after the time of disaster: 

1.  Two flight recorders had been examined
2.  Experts had been matching voices to people
3.  Russians had not opened flight recorders to the 

time of Polish expert’s arrival.  

Discussion about this article, in the comments on the 

page of niezalezna.pl portal is direct evidence of scale 
and efficiency of disinformation on 12

th

 and 13

th

 of April. 

background image

 

(It was Monday and Tuesday, aircraft crashed on 
Sunday). As linked in footnotes, people were reflecting: 

1.  Why Russians provide ambiguous informations 

about the number of approaches? (user Zorro).  

2.

  What about the tower, which aircraft hit into? 

(user Rut)

54 

3.  In what language did Air Traffic Controllers 

speak? (user A) 

4.  Immediately after the disaster, the FSB arrested a 

flight controller. There are photos of the start of 
Tu-154 from Warsaw, on which something 
strange is going on with its engine (user Jacek) 

Such comments could not be only noted at every Polish 

online forum those days, but also in mainstream media 
and on the streets. Grief was mixed with disinformation, 
and pain with a doubt. 

Confusion of millions

55

 of people, who were 

wondering about in front of Presidential Palace, crying, 
praying, putting flowers, as well as millions of people 
who stayed at home this weekend was an ideal basic for 
misinformation. 

On the 13

th

 of April Gen. Tatiana Anodina, Head of 

Interstate Aviation Committee (as announced wp.pl 
Polish web portal) and col. Krzysztof Parulski, stated 
that “the third black box” would be traced in Poland 
because it is “Polish patent (…) and it only can be 
responded in Poland
”, as Col. Parulski described it. As 
it is known now, it was not truth, according to “Gazeta 
Polska”, because the same model of Quick Access 
Recorder of “ATM Awionika” company, Poland, had 
also a Tupolev-154M of China Northwestern Airlines on 

background image

 

its board. The aircraft (flight 2303) crashed in an air 
disaster on the 6

th

 of June 1994, shortly after take off 

from Xian-Xianyang International Airport (ZLXY, XIY), 
China. At that time, a Polish QAR recorder had been sent 
to Interstate Aviation Committee MAK, Moscow, 
Russia and without any problems, it was redden by MAK 
in their laboratories. It had not been sent to Poland then

56

.  

Mr Parulski stated also on the 13

th

 of April as 

following: 

  „Works concerning the recorder will be 

held with the participation of the representatives 
of the Russian side”. 

 

Reading of the black boxes will last at 

least 2 weeks. 

A specifying objective of the disinformation was 

winning the election by ruling PO party candidate, count 
Bronislaw Komorowski. Because Mr Jaroslaw 
Kaczynski
, ex-prime minister and brother of president 
Mr Lech Kaczynski, who died in the air disaster, was an 
opponent of Mr Komorowski, disinformation should last 
nearly two month, until the election

57

. So long, without 

unavailable in democratic system, it is not possible to 
keep high disinformation efficiency. Please notice that 
not every newspaper (but all mainstream) in Poland was 
taking a part in disinformation, and it is not possible to 
censure the Internet in democratic system. 

That is why on the 14

th

 of April substitution subjects 

appeared for media. The reason was to distract public 
attention from the cases of tragedy and conflicted each 
other sentences of Polish and Russian prosecutors 
(quoted above).  

background image

 

Because all over the world public opinion was truly 

interested in knowing why so high-rank people was 
flaying to Russia, a 2007 Polish feature-documentary 
film “Katyn” of Mr Andrzej Wajda

58

 (one of the best 

Polish film directors, honoured by Oscar) was to be 
projected by many TV stations and cinemas all over the 
world

59

.  

This news was a perfect substitution subject. One of 

the basic human needs, a specially in a sadness is to be in 
the centre of other’s attention. Even normally without 
any sadness we need a closure of another people, we 
need to have someone to talk with.  

The same positive feeling is concerning international 

attention. Please notice that this simple psychological 
schema works in a mind of everybody. For example a 
kind of proud appears, when Mr Barack Obama says, that 
the Great Britain is the main strategic partner of USA”.  
We can do not like him, but it is ennobling.  

Completely another situation is concerning a personal 

disaster, for example a funeral of a family member. Of 
course, every person feels bereavement completely 
different then others, fully on his own, support of another 
people in extremely important.  

An information process that took place on the 

Wednesday 14

th

 of April 2010, 4 days after air disaster 

mixed both situations described above.  

PAP communicated as follows: “All the world 

wants to see ‘Katyn’ of Wajda”.  

background image

 

This information penetrated all the news portals, TV 

news, and front pages of newspapers. Radio stations and 
TV experts commented only that.  

The substitution subject perfectly introduced a process, 

directly targeting the public opinion to an official 
version.  

On the 15

th

 of April, very well frequented statement 

was published. The statement was prepared probably 
several days earlier. Russian daily “Kommersant”, of 
course commonly quoted by all mainstream Polish media 
released its columns for an anonymous Russian expert, 
who had perfectly known all the details concerning the 
catastrophe, as well as the details of an official version. 
He stated as following

60

1.  “A likelihood of catastrophe in such landing is 

very high. A pilot of the presidential machine 
knew about it very well. No less he made an 
unreasonable from a standpoint of all flaying 
manuals and common sense.” – as we know, it is 
not truth, because landing in low visibility likely 
of catastrophe is not high. Many times in poor 
visibility emergency landing are performed all 
over the world and usually are successful.     

2.  “During approach to Smolensk, the local 

controllers informed the crew, that landing is 
impossible and proposed a departure to the 
alternative airport in Minsk or Moscow, but the 
commander [PIC] urged for descending to a 
decision point, which in case of Tu-154M is 
100m over an airfield” – That also is not truth, 
because Smolensk Air Traffic Controllers of 

background image

 

Russian Air Force, Mr Pavel Plusnin and Mr 
Victor Ryjenkho did not propose PLF-101 to fly 
to an alternative airport. Pilot-In-Command did 
not urge, but only one time asked for a 
descending permission. An alternative airfield 
was not Moscow and Minsk, but Vitebsk and 
Minsk.  

This lying statement was probably a kind of test, 

concerning a reaction of the public opinion on shock 
information, because objected pilots a self-killing 
proceeding. There was no reaction. It was a first success 
of disinformation.  

2.5 

Volcanic Funeral? 

(16

th

-18

th

 of April 2010) 

On the 16.04.2010 took place a significant situation. 

An Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull had erupted

61

. A 

volcanic dust cloud crossed the Europe at a cruise 
altitude of passenger airplanes. Because the dust can 
probably damage turbine engines, all around the Europe 
flights had been stopped, airports closed and aircraft 
grounded.   

At this point, a kind of conclusion must appear. Air 

disaster took place on the 10

th

 of April, dust grounded all 

European aviation only few days later. It also became a 
pretext to do not come for the Mr Lech Kaczynski’s 
funeral to Krakow. For example, Mr Barack Hussein 
Obama did not come to Krakow, due to the dust he could 
play golf and relax.    

background image

 

A week after a catastrophe was a time of national 

mourning in Poland.

62

On the 11

th

 of April, a body of Mr Kaczynski came 

back to Poland on the board of military CASA C-295M 
transport aircraft, escorted by two MiG-29A multirole 
fighters of Polish Air Force. Mr Kaczynski was 
unbelievable quickly identified.

63 

After finding and coming back of a first lady, Mrs. Maria 
Kaczynska’s body to Poland on the 13

th

 of April both 

coffins had been exposed to public view in the haul of 
Presidential Palace, Warsaw

64

.     

Due to millions of people wanted to honour it was 

nearly impossible to get Presidential Palace for Polish 
people that days

65

.  

On the 18

th

 of April, a public ecumenical devotion was 

celebrated on the Pilsudski’s Square in Warsaw, Poland, 
where present about 100.000 people

66

.  

On the 19

th

 of April took place a Funeral Ceremony in 

Krakow, during which several thousands of people were 
present, including 34 attending dignitaries of only 16 
countries.  

These were only representatives, who were present not 

due to a kind of obligation, but due to an honour. Mr 
Gordon Brown ex-Prime Minister did not come, along 
with Mr Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France. President 
of the United States Mr Barack Hussein Obama, 
preferred to play golf

67

, although Mr Mekheil 

Saakashvili, President of Georgia managed to came to 
from USA to Krakow by plane.    

background image

 

Also a representative of Pope, His Holiness Benedict 

XVI,  cardinal Angelo Sodano did not come from Italy, 
although via Italy came Mr Mekheil Saakashvili, 
President of Georgia. Italian prime minister Mr Silvio 
Berlusconi also did not manage to come. 

Please notice that a Georgian first lady, Mrs. Sandra 

Roelofs, friend of Mrs. Maria Kaczynska came from 
Brussels by car. To get on time she was driving without 
stop for 13 hours

68

.  

Mrs. Angela Merkel did her best to came, but it was 

impossible for her to get on time, because she was in a 
travel. 

Not only friends, but also international politics 

opponents of Mr Lech Kaczynski came for his funeral. 
For example Mr Victor Yanukovych, president of 
Ukraine, had no problem with flaying throw the dust on 
the board of 30 years old Tupolev-134A. In addition, Mr 
Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russian Federation 
came.  

Mr Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Moroccan 

Kingdom flew to Poland without earlier confirmation and 
with no flight permission. For him there was also no 
problem with volcano ash cloud, he shown to the world 
not lies, which usually are characterizing politics but an 
honour – his own and his state, which he is representing.  

The best relative from the funeral is an article from 
“the Sunday Times” (The Times): 

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“Polish President’s funeral is local affair as volcanic 
ash grounds world leaders 

Roger Boyes in Krakow  

World leaders, kings and princes cancelled their trips to 
pay tribute to the late President Lech Kaczynski at a 
grand state funeral in Krakow, blaming the cloud of 
volcanic ash hovering over Europe.  

As a result, the Polish head of state was seen off by two 
dozen Central and East European leaders — who had 
made their way to Poland by car and by train — as well 
as by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and hundreds 
of thousands of Poles who had been travelling across the 
country to Krakow for the past 36 hours.  

“It is perhaps better this way,” said Kamil Podgowinski, 
a boy scout who had spent the night waiting for an open-
air Mass in Krakow’s Market Square. “We are together 
among ourselves. It has become a Polish event again.” 
Despite the closure of Polish air space, the coffins of the 
President and his wife, Maria, were flown by a turbo-
prop aircraft to Krakow early today and were due to be 
laid to rest in the crypt of Wawel Cathedral, alongside 
Polish kings, poets and national heroes.  

President Barack Obama topped a long list of statesmen 
and women who decided that attending the funeral would 
be too risky. Although it would be feasible to fly in a 
small plane — a delegation from Morocco flying in a 
small Cessna touched down in Krakow without problems 

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on Saturday night — many politicians are worried about 
a fresh ash cluster stranding them in Poland.  

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, on her way back 
from the US last week, found herself re-routed to Lisbon. 
She managed to fly to Rome before taking a convoy of 
cars to Germany via South Tyrol. Back in Berlin, she 
cancelled the trip to Krakow but Germany will be 
represented by President Horst Koehler.  

President Sarkozy of France, Spanish premier José Luis 
Zapatero, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, the 
Nato Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, the 
president of the European Council Herman van Rompuy, 
the Prince of Wales and the crowned heads of Norway, 
Denmark, Spain and Sweden are all staying at home.  

Some refused to be deterred. Jerzy Buzek, the President 
of the European Parliament drove across Europe, while 
many European deputies crowded into trains.  

However, the character of the funeral was unmistakably 
changed. “It was supposed to have been a geopolitical 
occasion,” Maciej Wierzynski, a veteran Polish 
commentator, said. “You could tell that by the fact that 
President Obama agreed originally to come as soon as 
Russian President Medvedev said he would be there.” 
The subtext of the funeral is that the air crash that killed 
the President and 95 others, including many senior 
officials, has brought Poles and Russians emotionally 
closer. The delegation had been flying into the fog-bound 

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city of Smolensk, in western Russia, to commemorate the 
thousands of Poles murdered by Soviet hitmen in 1940.  

The crime, denied or barely acknowledged by Russia for 
decades, has suddenly become part of the country’s 
national discourse.  

But if Poles and Russians draw closer there is a knock-on 
effect and US policy towards Eastern Europe has to be 
redrafted. The funeral was to be an opportunity to make 
a first assessment of the changing political landscape.  

Instead, it has become an opportunity for Eastern 
European leaders to say farewell to a hard-headed 
politician — and for Poles to shed the last of their public 
tears.”  

2.6 

Between the funeral and the national holiday. 

A funeral of Mr Lech Kaczynski and Mrs. Maria 

Kaczynska did not stop the disinformation campaign. It 
was only a kind of gap, which allowed disinformation 
authors to regroup forces and attack harder. 
Disinformation flared up anew.  

A typical example of propaganda is an interview

69

 of 

Gen. Gromoslaw Czempinski, former chef of Polish 
Office of State Protection (UOP), agency based on 
communistic special services of Ministry of Interior (SB 
–eng.: The Security Service). Managed by Czempinski 
agency was only a copy and powers extension of  
communistic archetype. However, commander of UOP 
was many times accused of being a Russian intelligence 

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– so called - agent of influence

70

, until 1996, when UOP 

had been finally abolished

71

.  

An evidence of the influence of communistic secret 

services in Poland is the fact, that in contrast to the 
Germany where The Federal Commissioner for the Stasi 
Archives

72

 had been established – in Poland to this day 

archives of SB are nearly completely secret and 
unavailable for normal people.

73

  

However, on the 20

th

 of April Gen. Czempinski, like at 

the time of his already forgotten prosperity, again fleshed 
in the media. His radio interview was commonly quoted 
in newspapers, TV, web portals

74

.  

Mrs. Monika Olejnik: And a guest of Radio ZET is 

general Gromoslaw Czempinski, former chef of UOP, a 
pilot. 

Gen. Gromoslaw CzempinskiGood morning.  

MO:  General Gromoslaw Czempinski is a guest of 

Radio ZET, we are all the time reflecting what could be a 
reason of catastrophe of Tu-154, in which 96 people are 
killed. There are informations that a pilot could mistake 
a gorge, but this pilot had been flaying to Smolensk 
before.  

GC: Maybe let’s say from the beginning. It seems that 

a reason of the catastrophe was pilot’s error. On this 
pilot’s error imposed – we can say – a second factor 
weather, a weather conditions, which cased, that 
approaching to landing he takes excessive risk, as to how 
far I can descend above the ground, to take a decision 
will I land or won’t land. In conditions of this airport, so 
an airport unequipped with ILS, many airports are still 

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without ILS equipment, such decision should be taken 
maximal, lowest, so to say, at some 80 meters, normally 
it is 100 meters.  

Today we can only reflect, I think, that common 

commissions, which are working, air investigation 
commissions will explain it, how it happened, that pilot 
occurred so low, so far from the airport and let’s 
remember that noticing of for example, a difference of 
levels of 60 meters, how they say, that  it could be in 
Smolensk is extremely difficult.

75

 (…) 

Using this words general Czempinski confirmed a 

medial news from several days before, that a pilot did not 
know about a kind of gorge or a ravine situated on the 
approach course in Smolensk. PIC major Arkadiusz 
Protasiuk had landed at Smolensk many times 
previously

76

, but it probably does not matter for gen. 

Czempinski or he does not know about it. He is also 
hardly evidencing alleged pilot’s error.    

We cannot say that the funeral of Mr Kaczynski and 

his wife was a substation subject – of course not. 
Nevertheless, analyzing information of subsections 
above, we can notice, that Polish and Russian 
prosecution was not interested in quickly disclosing of 
the “black box” recordings. Now, on the August 2010, 
only a CVR transcripts is let on, FDR and QAR 
recordings are still secret, although possessed by Poland 
for weeks.

77

  

Although “Polish prosecutors” allegedly were present 

during CVR and FDR examination, Russia for a long 
time had not replied for Polish requests concerning the 

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“black boxes”. To this day, they are in MAK, Moscow 
and nobody noticed that they are a property of Poland.  

On the 20

th

 of April Mr Andrzej Seremet, Attorney 

General of Republic of Poland of his press briefing stated 
as following: 

1.  Already today, we will refer to the Russian side 

for an access to a preliminary analysis of 
conversations recorded by the flight recorder.  

2.  The investigation may take up even more than a 

year. 

3.  I had in mind transcripts as preliminary analyses.  

Clearly visible has become a trend of presenting of the 

“black boxes” as the key evidence in the investigation. 
Because the Russian side described recordings as the 
main evidence already on the day of the catastrophe  
undisputable is compliance. As it is determined by 
international regulations, there is not only voice-
recording “black box” on the board on an aircraft, but 
also co-could “flight data recorder”. Greater weight as an 
evidence has of course Flight Data Recorder FDR, 
because it shows what is going on not with a crew, but 
with an airplane. No less speeches of Polish and Russian 
prosecutors show, that they put a greater emphasis not for 
FDR, but for CVR “black box”. This trace can assume 
that, both investigations - Polish and Russian - were 
conducted to reach a result formed in advance. Both 
investigations were also perfectly synchronized to prove 
one cause – precession on the pilots, exerted by president 
Mr Lech Kaczynski and commander of the Air Force 
Gen. Andrzej Blasik. The main evidence appeared to be 
“black boxes”. Such situation is as unbelievable, because 

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the aircraft was a 20-years old Tupolev, with regular 
failures, renovated in Russia. It is commonly known that 
exploitation of aircraft with similar or such 
characteristics is quite dangerous. That is why uncritical 
assumption of the pilot’s error is completely contrary to 
prosecutors/investigators objectivity and independence 
rules.             

These theses are confirmed in the investigations 

conduct analyses.  

The political character of the Polish investigators’ 

works (including Mr Seremet and Col. Parulski) has been 
fully shown on the 22

nd

 of April 2010, when an 

announcement of two Polish ministers to Moscow 
appeared. As radio RMF and PAP agency proclaimed: 

“announced departure regarding Smolensk Air Disaster is 
to strengthen a request of Prosecution, which requests 
flight recorders and its recordings”.

78

  

Meanwhile a disinformation campaign turned in a high 

gear. Superiority absolutely kept “Gazeta Wyborcza”

79

which nearly every day let front-page articles concerning 
pilot’s errors in Smolensk. A middle column of this most 
popular Polish daily was full of Russian experts’ 
opinions, also concerning pilots’ error. No evidence of 
course – “Gazeta Wyborcza” was only quoted so called 
“experts”. They had a right to do it, but objectivity had 
been lost many days before. 

No less “Gazeta Wyborcza” was only a part of great 

medial machinery. With “Gazeta Wyborcza” completely 
agreed nearly all Polish dailies concerning most popular 
tabloid “Super Express” and the most opinion-forming 

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“Rzeczpospolita”. Every article from the newspapers was 
very positively commented in weeklies for example 
“Newsweek Polska”, and quoted in news of all Polish 
information TV’s: national TVP INFO, using a satellite 
and terrestrial transmitters, and also by TVN-24 and  
POLSAT News – satellite channels. Any such 
information was enclosed by an interview with so called 
“expert”, especially Mr Tomasz Hypki, who every 
information concerning a pilot’s error confirmed 
certainly, although in the details they were all completely 
conflicted each other.

80

  

TV press reviews were not exposing articles 

concerning another versions – they nearly only quoted 
pilot’s error opinions.   

Every article concerning a pilot’s error was of course 

also quoted by web portals, and local small broadcasting 
institutions, as well as local newspapers and magazines, 
through PAP news agency, which forwarded every article 
concerning catastrophe, but by some miracle, only those 
concerning pilot’s error appeared in local media.  

Radio of a national “Polish Radio”  managed full 

objectivity. They maintained a balance between opinions 
concerning all air disasters cases. However, commercial 
stations are in Poland more popular than for years 
founding in a faze of tissues withering “Polish Radio”.  

 

National holiday and farther disinformation 

 

 

1-3 of May are day of national holiday in Poland. 

It have been carried out by disinformation coordinators to 

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perform processes targeted onto remaking mourning 
atmosphere in the public opinion, to have time to 
reorganize forces and an emotional background to use 
manipulation in their disinformation strategy.  

 

 

Commercials stations no objectivity preserved 

and informed not only that, but also why it was a mistake 
of pilots. In order to visualize a construction of main-
stream media transfer an article of leading “Gazeta 
Wyborcza” from the 5

th

 of May 2010, quoted by one of 

the biggest Polish web portals Interia.pl (of course 
through PAP agency, as described above) will be 
summarized.    A headline is clear: “Russian expert: it 
was classical mistake of the pilot!”.  
 

According to Interia.pl and PAP

81

:  

1.  “The Russian experts whom, ‘Gazeta Wyborcza” 

was talking with, opine, that a case of 
presidential aircraft’s catastrophe was a classical 
pilot’s error, i.e. “collision with ground in 
controlled flight”, known as ‘SFIT’”. 
– Of 
course, this statement (traditionally) is not truth. 
Even MAK announced, that “an aircraft crashed 
during a try of going around” – so classifying the 
catastrophe as a Controlled Flight Into Terrain is 
rather controversial. In additional every pilot 
knows, that a SFIT incident category does not 
exist. SFIT can be only St. Francis Institute of 
Technology, University of Mumbai part. They 
could only have on their mind a CFIT accident, a 
Controlled Flight Into Terrain.  

2.  ”As claims well-known Russian test pilot-

specialist, who reserved an anonymity, the Tu-

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154 three times flew above an aerodrome in 
Smolensk, drawing a rectangle, to measure out 
ground-based beacons. It was to help pilot in 
precise defining of landing direction. For there is 
‘imprecision’ aircraft guidance system working 
on the aerodrome, so a crew has to control their 
flight level using on-board instruments” 
– As it is 
not difficult to notice, it is also not truth. As 
announced days after, and as CVR transcripts 
evidences Tu-154 did not fly three times above 
aerodrome. They made only a half off full round 
and then started approach from east to south, 
opposite to enroute flight direction. Therefore, 
only one rule can be noticed - lies are different, 
but only one target – a pilot’s error. As “Gazeta 
Wyborcza” did not notice, they did not have to 
define centreline by beacons, because it had been 
automatically determined by on-board flight 
managing systems, using gyroscopic inertial 
systems, GPS and NDB directions. NDB had 
been used specially as approach markers – inner 
and outer. Approach including a sink rate moment 
have been madden by the autopilot in all 
channels, using FMS Universal Avionics UNS-
1D, to a time after the first obstacle impact. 
Russian pilot quoted by “Gazeta Wyborcza” odds 
with the truth also in the last sentence - as every 
pilot knows you must all the time and every time 
control your flight level, even in precise approach 
– this is a basic rule.    

3.  “As evidenced by previous findings Tu-154 

undergone with correct course over the first 

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beacon, but further due to unknown reasons 
reduced the flight level.” 
– this statement is 
completely tommyrot. Please notice that a 
‘course’ does not relate to flight level, but to 
direction. Approach path is related to flight level. 
Moreover descending is ex-definicione reduction 
of flight level.      

4.  Russian expert opines that reason of the error 

could be the fact that an aircraft was flaying this 
time over a deep gorge – one of the altimeters can 
therefore read off distance of machine to soil and 
confuse the pilot. 
– this is a classical statement 
concerning the catastrophe - a background of 
thousands of articles and reasoning of that days. It 
is a quintessence of disinformation. As a time 
after CVR transcripts evidenced, pilot and flight 
level controlling autopilot were using barometric 
altimeter during approach that is why any gorge 
does not matter. It is impossible to set an 
autopilot of Tu-154M (ABSU-154-II) to use radio 
altimeter, because it is not compatible with. That 
is why gorge cannot deviate a glide path during 
approach. Please also notice that Pilot-In-
Command, major Arkadiusz Protasiuk had been 
an airman for almost 21 years, including 13 years 
of flaying experience on this exemplar of 
Tupolev-154M. During this time major Protasiuk 
many times had landed at Smolensk-North Air 
Base, Russia (XUBS), last time three days before 
the catastrophe, on the 7

th

 of April 2010. That is 

why he known airport’s topography perfectly and 
could not be confused by radio altimeter.  

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5.  At this moment, according to the expert crew 

ceased to watch instruments and started to search 
ground. 
– this also is not truth. As evidenced in 
the CVR transcripts nobody was searching the 
ground. Flight level was controlled every 10m 
permanently, instruments were controlled to the 
last moment.               

As can be inferred from the already quoted articles 

many conflicted each other allegation ware terminated to 
convince, that pilot’s error cased the air disaster, 
according to the rule “End justifies the means”. That is 
why following hypotheses were published in the 
mainstream media: 

1.  “Pilots did not speak Russian language” – not 

truth, later demented 

82

.   

2.

 

Pilots made 4 approaches” – not truth, later 
demented 

83 

3.  “Pilots made 4 rounds over the airfield” –not 

truth, later demented 

84

.  

4.  “Pilots were searching the ground” – not truth, 

completely conflicted with CVR transcripts 

6.  “It was landing forced by Kaczynski or Blasik” – 

not truth, force aspect completely unconfirmed by 
CVR transcripts, probably it was not a landing, 
only missed going around after decision level 
during approach. Landing faze had not been 
started by the crew.    

These are only examples of the theories that are 

inculcated to public even now.  

2.7 

Before the Preliminary Report of MAK 

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(5

th

 – 19

th

 of May 2010) 

On the beginning of May 2010, Russians had to be 

preferred to publish the preliminary report of the 
investigations, because according to them, ICAO rules 
impose sum first month of investigation.  

At this time disinformation campaign next time was set 

to full power. In Poland, many articles concerning pilot’s 
error had been published by “Gazeta Wyborcza” and 
“Rzeczpospolita” along with tabloids “Fakt” and “Super 
Express”. TV campaign had been lead by TVN and 
TVN-24. In addition, their web portals were used in the 
campaign.  

Nevertheless, this time not Polish media were going to 

create a flashpoint in disinformation direction. A 
breakthrough character had a statement of Mr Yuri 
Chaikha, Attorney General of the Republic of Russia. He 
stated on the 6

th

 of May, that: “The Interstate Aviation 

Committee [MAK] is preparing to transfer to the Polish 
party, a materials from the work of Committee”. 

In this materials – according to Mr Chaikha should be 
included inter alia: 

1.  FDR recording copy 
2.  CVR recording copy (probably with pilots’ 

conversations transcripts) 

http://www.tvp.info/informacje/swiat/polska-na-razie-
nie-dostanie-akt-sledztwa/1748920

   

The most probable reason of the statement were not the 

legal issues, which usually determine activities of an 
attorney or prosecutor, especially Attorney General, 
because transferring of the evidence via Attorney office 

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is not an answer to the application for legal help, 
requested by Polish Attorney General, Mr Andrzej 
Seremet Office – one reason the evidence is not 
administrated by Russian Attorney General Office, but 
by international organization MAK – Interstate Aviation 
Committee. MAK is in possession of diplomatic 
privileges, that is why it has a right to treat Polish and 
Russian Attorneys equally. 

So if Mr Yuri Chaikha had not any legal reasons, what 

kind of reasons directed him to the statement above? 
Only political reasons. Please notice that “black boxes’” 
recordings are one of the most important evidence, 
concerning official version of the catastrophe, so an error 
of the crew, landing in heavy fog, poor visibility, 
probably forced by president Mr Lech Kaczynski. This 
irrational, but most popular and underpinning the 
disinformation campaign version is not only the most 
well-known, but also widely confirmed (officially and 
unofficially) both by Polish and Russians ruling 
politicians and media as the most probable. 

A strategy of shifting in the time a publication of the 

Cockpit Voice Recordings was reasoned, not by works, 
but by presidential campaign considerations, because if 
the official version is evidenced, Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski, 
opponent of ruling party candidate, Mr Bronislaw 
Komorowski, would discredited by this version, as a 
twin-brother of president who indirectly killed 96 people. 
Finally, reality was not so brutal, because published 
transcripts not fully confirmed official version, but due to 
disinformation campaign, as a base of the presidential 
campaign Mr Bronislaw Komorowski won the election 

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and became new Polish President. Mr Jaroslaw 
Kaczynski had been defeated, and his person in many 
aspects became a modern analogy of Mr Robert Francis 
Kennedy, who stands for the White House after his 
brother’s, Mr John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassination. 
There were be only one difference, 2010 campaign made 
Kaczynski politically beaten – the 1968 campaign made 
Kennedy killed. He died on the 5

th

 of June of 1968.  

Moreover, 7 month passed from death of Mr J.F. 

Kennedy to death of Mr R. F. Kennedy. From death of 
Mr Kaczynski passed to now only less than four month. 
That is why if we were Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski, we 
would cease to travel by plane and request a Police 
security to responsible for our residence prosecution. 

Nevertheless, many weeks before the presidential 

campaign started, disinformation managers were doing 
preparations to the Preliminary Report of MAK, the 
biggest and the best-transmitted event in the 
investigation.  

The second stage of disinformation game had been 

now started. Please notice, that due to the previously 
publications, the public opinion was rather directed to 
believe the official version, than disinformed. That is 
why to do not show conclusions between media 
campaign and official statements of MAK disinformation 
changed into misinformation, into disorientation 
campaign, targeted to confused people. Confused 
peopled can more successfully believe in the clear, 
credible, serious, official report of MAK.  

Moreover, a week forgetfulness of the previous 

statements can make them lie on the depth of people 

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mind, who were much excited by new, sensational and 
spectacular statements. In such situations previous 
informations became operate at the subconscious. 

A person confused respecting circumstances and 

causes of the disaster, subconsciously remembering that 
it could be a pilot error, than exhaustively informed in the 
preliminary report, full of new details will be perfectly 
directed in the next (but not last) stage of the 
disinformation – the presidential campaign. Please notice 
that people subjected to disinformation stayed in 
mourning after a national tragedy yet. That is why it was 
easier to effect on them.  

Please imagine (although it is completely impossible in 

the reality), how would you feel, if Her Majesty 
Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, First See 
Lord, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, Royal Air Force Chef 
of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton, 
Chef of the General Staff, Gen. Sir David Richards, 
along with governor of Bank of England Mr Mervyn 
King, 7 British crew members and nearly 90 other people 
including World War II combatants and national heroes 
were killed during one occurrence. Of course such 
tragedy will never be happened, we should hope so, but 
please only imagine what was a scale of disaster, which 
hurt Polish people.      

We can now visualize feelings, emotions of people. 

That is why it was easier to effect on them.  

In order to start such disinformation process, process of 

effecting on people, RMF FM, one of the most popular 
radio station and wp.pl web portal announced around six 
o’clock am as following: 

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“The fifth voice in voice in the cockpit belonged to a 

woman! 

An information about recording by the black boxes, the 

fifth voice reported on Wednesday TVN-24 and RMF FM. 
Both stations relied on an anonymous source in Polish 
prosecution.  

Reporters of RMF FM found, that the fifth voice 

recorded, by the recorders saving conversations in 
cockpit of the presidential aircraft, is a voice of woman.  

At the moment, however it is not still known to whom it 
precisely belonged. 

A flight crew of Tu-154 consists of four people – a 

pilot, co-pilot, navigator and mechanic. At the end of the 
flight to the cockpit had the right to enter only three flight 
attendants and a member of the Government Security 
Bureau.  

Shortly after the catastrophe of presidential aircraft 

appeared speculations that somebody could exert 
influence onto the pilots, to land on the airfield in 
Smolensk. Media recalled situation from a few years ago, 
when during a visit to Georgia pressured the pilots, to 
make the plans and land directly in Tibilisi.  

So far, causes of catastrophe of Tu-154 in Smolensk on 

the 10

th

 of April, where 96 people were killed are not 

known.  

On the board were among the others president Lech 

Kaczynski with his wife, the last president in exile 
Ryszard Kaczorowski and commanders of the all military 
formations.”  

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http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1342,title,Piaty-glos-w-

kokpicie-nalezal-do-
kobiety,wid,12237396,wiadomosc.html

      

This article refers to publications of already mentioned 

TVN-24 and RMF FM, concerning the fifth voice in 
cockpit from the 5

th

 of May. Publications from 5

th

 of May 

and morning of 6

th

 May pave the way for rarely huge 

wave of speculations, a basis of current described above 
stage of disinformation game.  

Please notice that quoted above article contains in its 

structure two substantial manipulations. Firstly, not 
nameless “media”, but no one else, than “Gazeta 
Wyborcza” “recalled situation from a few years ago”. 

http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,7808706,Incydent_gruzinski.
html

  

Secondly, it is not officially confirmed fact, that Mr 
Kaczynski in that days pressured pilots. Moreover then 
the flight plan had not been changed – an aircraft did not 
fly directly to Tibilisi, Georgia, but as in flight plan, took 
off to Ganja, Azerbaijan. It is necessary to add, that the 
“recalled” incident took place not airborne, but on the 
airfield in Symeropol, Ukraine, before the take off in 
flight to rapt by war Georgia.  

As it was reported on 7

th

 of May so about 24 hours 

later, that not a woman but Mr Mariusz Kazana, a 
Director of Diplomatic Protocol in Foreign Affairs 
Ministry. It is not surprising, that it had been reported by 
“Gazeta Wyborcza” jointly and in consultation with 
TVN-24, RMF FM, onet.pl, wp.pl. This information was 
of course in mass quoted by nearly all web portals, all the 
TV and radio news – all the mainstream media. Please 

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notice that all these titles had already taken leading part 
in disinformation campaign.   

“Gazeta Wyborcza” as always used the top-flight 

formulations showing the highest standards of 
journalistic ethics. Manifestation of this objectivity was 
however only the title in form of question “Fifth voice in 
cockpit, director Kazana?”
.  

http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,7851954,Piaty_glos_w_kokpi
cie__dyrektor_Kazana_.html

 

And then stated as following: ”Smolensk investigation. 

The evidence in case of aircraft catastrophe is collected. 
It is only necessary to confirm identification of the voice 
of one of the persons recorded in cockpit of machine. 
According to our information, it belongs to Mariusz 
Kazana – chef of diplomatic protocol.”   

Please notice, that minister of interior of Republic of 

Poland Mr Jerzy Miller, quoted by “Gazeta Wyborcza” 
stated officially, as if he wanted to stoke media 
speculations.  

Conspicuously visible is a precision synchronization of 
Mr Miller with disinformation processes conducted by 
media. Another words disinformation on this stage, like 
previously is mosaic of medial speculations and official 
statements of both parties – Russian and Polish. (here 
statements of Mr Yuri Chaikha and Mr Jerzy Miller). 

Please also notice, that the article of “Gazeta 

Wyborcza” seems to be comparable with reality, because 
CVR transcripts confirmed, that Mr Kazana entered the 
cockpit. Nevertheless, please analyze one statement from 
the article: “The official asked crew if everything is going 

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according to the plan and if delay should be reckoned – 
relates our source in Ministry of Interior”. 
This stays in 
conflict with CVR transcripts. Mr Kazana did not ask (on 
his own), but had been informed by the Pilot-In-
Command (probably via an on-board intercom), that it 
was not possible to land under those conditions. Mr 
Kazana several minutes later informed Pilot-In-
Command that president had not been yet decided, what 
to do farther
 (what alternative airport choose). A 
classical disinformation clause is clearly visible – an 
anonymous source.   

After this article, disinformation direction in media had 

been clearly defined.  

Nevertheless, very as very surprising can be described 

maintenance of Col. Edmund Klich, a self-styled Polish 
representative in Russian investigation of MAK, 
Moscow. His statements were perfectly synchronized 
with medial informations. On the 6

th

 of May, his 

metamorphose was clearly visible.TVN-24 reported as 
following on the 6

th

 of May 2010:  

“Yesterday we were a suppliant, today is already 

perfect? 

Edmund Klich changed his mind – say the Russians. 
He as first loudly pealed that on own wish we put 
ourselves in a role of suppliant and relied on the mercy 
of the Russians. Edmund Klich was repeating after the 
catastrophe of Tu-154, that in Russia dominated great 
chaos. Two weeks were enough, to Head of State 
Commission of Air Accident Investigations changed his 
mind diametrically. (…) 

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However now, as informs Russian Interstate Aviation 
Committee (MAK) in official statement (…) on a working 
meeting of Technical Commission of MAK, whit Poland-
formed commission was to  say, that ‘Works of technical 
commission are provided according to international 
standards, appointed by Annex 13

th

 to the Chicago 

Convention, which allows an independent and objective 
work’.” 

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1655117,0,1,wczoraj-bylismy-
petentem--dzis-jest-juz-idealnie,wiadomosc.html

  

However, this changing of one’s mind was not the 

only, concerning Col. Klich. His behaviour on the 8

th

 of 

May seemed to be unethical. Col. Edmund Klich stated, 
according to RMF FM, as following: 

1.  “I can suppose or actually I know, to whom can 

belong the fifth voice recorded by recorder 
installed in cockpit of Tu-154, which crashed on 
the 10

th

 of April.” 

2.  “Voice will be identified on Sunday” [9

th

 of May] 

3.  “In fact in background is the fifth voice, but I 

didn’t hear it, when I was hearing out tapes. In 
cabin is noise of engines, of fans, sometimes even 
voices of crews aren’t fully clear. Only specialists 
with right tackle reduce noises and detect 
details.” 

4.  “In Moscow is a person, who has to verify to 

whom belongs voice. Exactly I find out who 
should identify him. (...) I got very short fragment 
of the recording. There were several statements, I 
don’t know what was later and what before. I had 
to only fix the person, who will help to identify the 

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voice. On Sunday probably it will be known to 
whom belonged the fifth voice in the cabin.”             

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-zyje-
2/kaczynski-fakty/news-edmund-klich-byc-moze-w-
niedziele-zostanie-rozpoznany,nId,276588

    

After an analyze of the speech of Col. Edmund Klich it 

is clearly visible, that he was probably not talking truth 
all the time. Please notice, that according to CVR 
transcripts there were three so-could “fifth voices”, 
belonging to Ms Barbara Maciejczyk, flight attendant, 
probably to Mr Mariusz Kazana and last belonging 
probably to Gen. Andrzej Blasik. No one talked several 
statements 
as announced Col. Klich. Please also notice 
that he did not say anything more than media that is why 
his only target was probably to strengthen 
disinformation. Moreover, the same day, so on the 8

th

 of 

May 2010 Col. Klich was no less talkative in TV TVN-
24, a very well deserved resonator in previous 
disinformation processes. According to TVN-24 Col. 
Klich stated as following: 

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1655478,0,1,piata-osoba-nie-
miala-wplywu-na-katastrofe,wiadomosc.html

  

1.  “I saw a list, which terms as a tenth of a second 

correspondence and conversations. There are still 
several dozen of brackets.” 
Col. Klich was 
probably talking about the CVR transcripts, in a 
form of table, showing correspondence and 
conversations of the crew. Incomprehensible 
statements are marked by brackets in CVR.  

2.  “Commands  incomprehensible, which still need 

explain, because they can have an influence on 

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action of the crew”. – Col. Klich clearly 
suggested, that there have been some commands 
that could alter crew activities. 

In these simple statements, although a little bit non-

grammatical, Col. Klich showed clearly, that he is only a 
part of disinformation campaign.  

His words, although had form of suggestion, 
unconfirmed, unofficial information, fuelled significantly 
embers of media speculations. The message resonated by 
Col. Edmund Klich was clear: I know recorded crew 
conversations. There were commends, that probable 
influenced the crew.
  

In the same interview, Klich announced also that: “It 

was not a fault or attempt”. He expressed a hundred 
percent sure, that is was not any of this two causes. 
Therefore, it was a pilot error as indicates an official 
version.  

On the 9

th

 of May situation became quite clear – no 

public opinion reaction on the news of Col. Klich – enter 
on the misinformation stage was successful.  

On the 10

th

 of May Major Alexander Khoronchik, 

former Russian Air Force pilot, Smolensk Air Base 
service worker, who had found a national emblem from 
the presidential aircraft said about circumstances of the 
catastrophe, that “Telling about pilot’s error is an 
insult”
. However, no mainstream media quoted his 
statement. It appeared only on low-rating website 
niezalezna.pl (

http://niezalezna.pl/article/show/id/33998

).  

May however was the time of disinformation 

offensive, witch should be a base for MAK preliminary 

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report, issued on the 19

th

 of May and signed by Mrs. Gen. 

Tatiana Anodina (Head of the Interstate Aviation 
Committee – MAK), Mr Alexei Morozov (Head of the 
technical commission of the MAK) and Mr Edmund 
Klich (self-styled Polish representative, imported by Mr 
Morozov from Poland, not respecting international 
aviation law).  

Speculations concerning the fifth voice in the cockpit 

as well as pilot’s error had reached their apogee about 4-
5 days before the official MAK briefing, and after this 
time transformed into smaller maintenance dose.  

The biggest scale of the disinformation is visible in an 

article from opinion-forming “Rzeczpospolita” (“The 
Republic”) from the 14

th

 of May 2010.  

The article titled “Catastrophe in 36. Regiment” 

(

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/68342,479922_Katastrofa_w_3

6__pulku_.html

) is very similar to MAK preliminary 

report and is one of the publications evidencing more 
disinformation activity before the MAK publication, 
which indicates on the connections between MAK and 
disinformation coordination. Please look at following 
fragments of the article: 

1.  “The crew which was flying together second time 

in life” – This is a typical manipulation. Please 
notice that pilot-in-command and co-pilot have 
been training and flying together for over 20 
years (since aviation high school, where they 
were flying Cessna-size aircraft, than jets in the 
Air Force Academy and passenger aircrafts 
commonly for 13 years).  

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2.  “None of the pilots had the certificate to carry out 

conversations with the tower in Russian.” – such 
certificates do not exist, so it was not possible for 
the crewmembers to have them. 

3.  “Never before had not trained together an 

emergency situation in a flight simulator” – last 
time trained in 2010, just before the catastrophe, 
according to Gen. Czaban, Polish Air Force.  

4.  “The media named the crew of the feral flight 

<<elite of the Polish Aviation>>. The truth is that 
they were young, talented soldiers, but their 
experience is not breathtaking.” – Media refers to 
low-circulation far right magazines. As in a 
military aviation (were every flying hour is much 
more difficult than in civil aviation: flights during 
to war zones, to Africa, Afghanistan, Iraq, VIP 
flights, long oversea routs, flying by unsafe, 
Russian aircraft) the aircrew experience was 
“breathtaking”.      

On the 18

th

 of May PAP had announced, that on the 

19

th

 of May 2010 (Wednesday), there would be a press 

briefing of Interstate Aviation Committee in Moscow. As 
it later happened. 

 

2.8 

Everything was beautiful, only the pilots are 

guilty… 

Transcripts, found by us in one of the ring binders 

describe a situation that had happened on the 19

th

 of 

May, and was completely identical with a recording we 
had watched hour earlier. So, Moscow, huge, beautiful 

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conference room. Everything was beautiful. Many 
journalists, one born every minute. A kind of respect is 
possible to detect for Gen. Anodina among the 
journalists. If we had Disinformation Awareness 
Warning System (or Enhanced Disinformation Proximity 
Warning System), it would scream as loud as it could be 
possible. It would surely detect following factors: 

1.  In contrast to every other so huge 

conference there were not flashes 
lighting, every second (was it a sacrum 
or photographers ban? Well there was 
live TV transmission in Poland, 
according to PAP), the journalists were 
unbelievably  calm and polite – did not 
attack by a strike of questions, as they do 
normally.  

2.  Questions to Mrs. General neither from 

Russian nor from Polish were difficult – 
only one planted the thrust of MAK – a 
journalist of Gazeta Wyborcza asked the 
empress of Soviet aviation 
about the 
certificates of MAK and her pilot-
blaming strategy after each air disaster. 
However, she was perfectly prepared – 
answered also perfectly. It looked like 
had been previously agreed.  

3.  Consensus politics of Polish self-styled 

representative (had been requested to 
came Russia not by Polish government, 
but by Mr Morozov, friend and deputy of 
Gen. Anodina). He was quiet and mousy. 
One of the journalists asked him a 

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question, but Mrs. Anodina said as real 
empress: “I will answer, Mr Klich can 
speak later!”.  

4.  Not completely preliminary report was 

published during the briefing, but only its 
fragments – separated elements.  

5.  The document (official preliminary 

report) was not shown.  

After the briefing on the website of MAK all, the text 

appeared of course in Russian language only. There had 
been three people present behind a big table in MAK 
conference room: Mrs. Anodina, Mr Morozov and Mr 
Klich. Nevertheless, the preliminary report is parted on 
two. One of the sections is signed by Gen. Anodina, 
second one by Mr Morozov. There is not any section or 
even a fragment issued by Mr Klich.  

We can state, that we probably never have seen a 

document less truthful, although we had already been 
analyzing Russian disinformation processes concerning 
airspace disasters. Following fragments are not 
comparable with the reality or self-conflicted: 

1.  “With a conviction, I declare that all the 

circumstances and causes of the disaster 
will be determined objectively and 
transparently. The basis for this is that 
the Russian and Polish governments have 
decided to examine the plane crash Tu-
154 of Polish Ministry of Defense 
[originally: MinDefense], which was 
flying on an international route with 
passengers on board, in accordance with 

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international principles of the Chicago 
Convention, which ratified the 190 
countries, including Russia and Poland
.” 
T. G. Anodina. – Please notice, that there 
are two self-conflicted statements in this 
fragment: Chicago Convention does not 
refer to military aircraft – no military 
aircraft catastrophe in the history had 
been examined according to the Chicago 
Convention. General however stated, that 
the aircraft had been a property of Polish 
Ministry of Defense so – a military 
aircraft.  

2.  “For the implementation of the 

Convention on the independence of the 
investigation, it is important that the 
investigation is conducted by an  
international organization, which is 
guided by norms of international law and 
has extensive experience of international 
investigations in 53 countries 
worldwide
.” – T.G. Anodina, but about 
“international” character of MAK she 
stated once again: “MAK Technical 
Commission, consisted of specialists of 
the Ministry of Defense of Russia, works 
closely with a large group of Polish 
military and civilian experts, the Polish 
Plenipotentiary Mr. Klich at the head.
” – 
MAK does not respect any international 
standard, because all the members of the 
technical commission examining the 

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catastrophe are representing military of 
Russia! Moreover large group, gen. 
Anodina was talking about consists of 
two people - Mr Waldemar Targalski 
(pilot) and Mr Slawomir Michalak 
(expert), according to Col. Miroslaw 
Grochowski, Ministry of Defense Flight 
Safety Inspectorate (quoted by Gazeta 
Wyborcza).  
(

http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,8066385,Za

gadki_na_zoltych_karteczkach.html

) 

3.  “We highly appreciate the fact that the 

beginning of the investigation, we have 
the support of colleagues from the United 
States, European Union countries who 
have declared that they did not question 
the independence, objectivity and 
professionalism of our Commission
.” 
T.G. Anodina –  us, as well as Google, 
Bing, AltaVista and British experts asked 
by us do not know anything about such 
“declarations”. Moreover before the 
catastrophe, as well as after opposite 
statements appeared in USA and EU. 
MAK did not benefit any support from 
European Experts (Americans are 
examining own-made devices, but also 
here objectivity is low, because this 
examination is to be carried out by… the 
producer) 

4.  “Since the first day of Polish specialists 

have been involved in all aspects of the 

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investigation, and have had access to all 
necessary materials, both at the scene of 
the event, and the deciphering of the 
<<<black boxes>>>
” T.G. Anodina – 
that is not truth, Polish experts did not 
receive Air Traffic Control recorder and 
transcripts, did not receive testimonies of 
a crew of Russian aircraft, did not talk 
with air controllers, do not know 
anything about the radar and other 
airport’s equipment details. Polish 
experts (or even prosecutors, officers, 
diplomats) were not present during 95 
medical examinations of passengers and 
crew members, Polish representative Mr 
Klich at the time of conference and much 
later did not know all the cockpit voice 
recording and did not receive 
documentation found in the aircraft. Mr 
Klich did not watch official crash 
animation.  

5.  “Comes to an end analysis of the data 

from conducted by the Technical 
Commission test flight to research all the 
flight aids of the airport, including 
landing radio equipment and other 
materials, obtained by deciphering the 
object control devices
.” – This statement 
of Mrs. Anodina completely discredits 
MAK – the airport was examined by a 
commission consisted by the Russian 
military specialists, so representatives of 

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airport’s owner. That is why results of 
their work cannot be objective, due to 
conflict of interest.    

6.  “The work on deciphering conversations 

crew members had been completed 
commonly. Identification of their voices 
was carried out by Polish pilots
.” – That 
is not truth, Mrs. Anodina forgave to add, 
that “the pilots” refers to one and alone 
Lt.-Col. Bartosz Stroinski, who moreover 
did not authorize the identification by his 
signature. According to Russian and 
Polish law, the voice identification is 
invalid.  

7.  “Work was impeded by a high-level of 

the noise, including going thought the 
opened door of the cockpit.
”  Cockpit 
Voice Recorder transcripts clearly 
indicates, that during approach cockpit 
door was closed (it will be evidenced in 
farther sections). This statement can be 
furthermore cased only by a terrible 
insolence of Mrs. Anodina or a kind of 
mistake, which however discredits MAK 
corpulently. 

8.  „In order of cleaning the record from 

noise special apparatus owned by the 
MAK with unique software were used. 
The voices of the members of the crew 
have been exactly identified
.” – as it 
appeared later, after transcripts’ 
disclosing that this statement of Mrs. 

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Anodina was not truth – 34% of 
crewmembers voices were unidentified. 
Moreover, Russian “unique software” 
left in the transcripts 143 unreadable 
statements and expressions in 37 minutes 
recording. No comments need.  

9.  “It was found out, that in the cabin were 

another persons, not the members of the 
crew. The voice of one of them precisely 
identified, the voice of another (or 
others) is subjected to additional 
identification by the Polish side. This is 
important for the investigation.
” – In the 
transcripts published later, but preferred 
before the conference, both voices had 
been already identified. Nothing 
indicates, that any of these voices had 
any importance. Probably Mrs. Anodina 
tried to suggest, that Mr Lech Kaczynski 
forced landing on the pilots.  

10. “In the laboratory, a research centre in 

the U.S. with the participation of MAK’s 
and Polish specialists, with the 
participation of the National 
Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and 
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 
in the framework of our bilateral 
agreement with the U.S. has been 
deciphered the information system of the 
Terrain Awareness and Warning System  
TAWS and satellite navigation system 
GNSS. Specialists began to analyze the 

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results.” – before and later MAK stated, 
that this devices had been send to the 
producer, Universal Avionics of Tucson, 
US, so please notice, although Mrs. 
Anodina barely able to name all the 
institutions taking part in the examination 
did not stated, that “the specialists” refers 
to Universal Avionics workers, whose 
work can not be objective due to a 
conflict of interest.  

11.  “In the unit lacks of a detailed program 

crews’ preparation. Not performed 
regular periodic training on the 
simulator in order to develop habits of 
cooperation and technology work of the 
crew, in case of special events during the 
flight.
” – According to Gen. Czaban, 
Polish Air Force crew was training on 
flight simulators – last time in 2010. It 
would be a wrong way to act as a 
solicitor of the 36

th

 Regiment, because of 

their negligence, but crew-training 
program exists in the unit, according to 
their officers. 

12. According to Mr Morozov, flying 

experience of the crewmembers was less 
than in reality (concerning all the 
crewmembers).   

Mr Morozov also stated and wrote that all of the 

devices of the aircraft as well as the engines were 
working perfectly until the ground impact. The airfield 

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according to Morozov was perfectly prepared, what 
clearly contrasts with the truth.    

The preliminary report of MAK started a wave of 

speculations, especially due to a statement of Mr 
Morozov concerning turning of the autopilot only 5-4 
seconds before the trees impact. This statement is in 
some measure (not completely) comparable with the 
MAK’s transcripts prepared using “unique software”, 
where all the voices are “exactly identified”, excluding 
unidentified of course. 

2.9 

The truth is covered. Farther indoctrination. 

To describe disinformation process it had been 

necessary to chose only 60 days, but it seems to be 
enough to prefer surely full and clear description of the 
disinformation, which will indicate whether Russia is 
guilty of the air disaster. To perform such analyze, before 
this stage a basic work should be to translate and analyze 
512 pages of the documentation – press articles and TV 
news transcripts. To be sure, that we fully understand all 
the problems we also researched Flight Management 
System UNS-1D operational manual and a manual of the 
aircraft Tupolev-154M – nearly 1000 pages of 
documentation, but of course, it was not a titanic work, 
because it was not obligatory to study all the manual 
pages as strictly as the press articles. Moreover, many 
pages of the Tu-154M instruction consist of draws in 
contrast with press articles, analyzed by ourselves in text-
only version. On this stage, we had already researched 
1400-1500 A4 pages.  

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On the 20

th

 of April appeared many opinions in media 

concerning flight on the autopilot up to trees impact. For 
example, business portal sfora.pl announced “Pilots: 
Crew of Tu-154 switched the autopilot off too late”. 
Portal makes use from the statement of the pilot Dariusz 
Sobczynski, who without complex data and not waiting 
for the final report suggested, that the crew tried to land 
on the autopilot. (

www.sfora.pl/Piloci-Zaloga-Tu-154-za-

pozno-wylaczyla-autopilota-a20355

) 

Also on the 20

th

 of April 2010, Gazeta Wyborcza 

quoted Lt. Artur Wosztyl, pilot-in-command of another 
Polish Air Force Flight - PLF-044, who had called PLF-
101 just before they crashed. According to Lt. Wosztyl, 
the Air Traffic Control had to close the airport, but not 
this statement was keynote of the Gazeta Wyborcza 
article, but the fact, that PLF-044 informed PLF-101 
three times about poor weather conditions and 
recommended flying to an alternative. This became a 
base of the medial allegations against the pilot Capt. 
Arkadiusz Protasiuk, that he “landed” although 3 times 
had been warned about meteo conditions. Lt. Wosztyl 
added also, that PLF-101 was not landing but only 
performing an approach, not going to descend below the 
minimal safety altitude of 330 ft.  

According to Lt. Wosztyl air traffic controllers did not 

probably know, that Tu-154M had crashed, because a 
man, who left the tower said, that the aircraft “flown 
away”. 

(

http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,7912876,Pilot__Mowilem

_im_o_zlych_warunkach_w_Smolensku.html

 

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The biggest Polish information TV – TVN-24 

suggested that the pilots ignored weather reports and 
Terrain Awareness Warning System: “Pull up! Pull up!” 
commands, just after a visit of Polish Air Force head – 
Gen. Andrzej Blasik. This suggestion had as a target 
evidencing that it was a forced landing – forced by Mr 
Lech Kaczynski and Gen. Blasik. Please however notice, 
that estimate time of Gen. Blasik’s visit in cockpit was 
(in contrast to TVN analyze) only 10 seconds and he did 
not say anything to the pilots or any other crewmember. 

http://www.tvn24.pl/1,1657127,druk.html

  

Of course, it would not be a good idea to paste here 

500 pages of documentation, because the lecture would 
became even more boring, than it is now. However, the 
20

th

 of April was a specific and significant day that also 

one article should be described. On the 20

th

 of April 

Polish Press Agency PAP forwarded to all the web 
portals (that published it on their front-pages or in the 
best exposed available place) and TV stations an article 
from Russian Kommersant also blaming the pilots and 
completely not compatible with the reality. Tactics of 
disinformation on the 10

th

 of April were to strike public 

opinion by lots of different articles describing thousands 
of versions showing unreal circumstances, but every time 
blaming pilots. Many self-conflicted versions appeared – 
but every one in mains stream media (TV, radio, most 
popular dailies) concerned the pilot error.  

Kommersant quoted by all the Polish news TV 
stations stated as following: 

1.  “Russian experts are convinced that the 

Tu-154M crash occurred, due to 

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inexperience of the presidential pilot, who 
wishing to fulfil the request of the officials 
agreed on lethal landing, and then, 
listening to the navigator, made fatal 
errors in the piloting
” – Russian and 
Soviet experts many times were already 
convinced of something, but history 
verified their false theories about the air 
disasters.  

2.  According to Kommersant “commands of 

the controller were little bit to late”, but he 
“not keep up with reading meanings 
because of too high speed descent of the 
machine
”. – He was using Precision 
Approach Radar; such situation could not 
take place.  

3.  „The first error consisted in the fact that 

the commander, performing imprecision 
approach to landing, turned on the 
autopilot system, you absolutely should not 
do.” 
According to operational manual of 
Tu-154M, that Russian experts have not 
probably redden, or already forgotten – 
when the GPS is available crew should use 
autopilot, just like PLF-101! Also retired 
Polish Airlines pilot, Mr Janusz 
Wieckowski (19.000 flying hours 
experience on inter alia Boeing B-767 and 
Tupolev Tu-154M) states clearly that using 
of the autopilot was not prohibited.    

4.   “After entering the glideslope on which 

according to his calculations should 

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descent the machine, the commander 
entered to the autopilot descending rate of 
4m/s and begun landing, thinking, that the 
gear would touch down the threshold of 
the runway”
  - It is not truth, because in 
Tu-154M not a descending rate but an 
angle (from 21

o

 descending to 29

o

 

ascending) can only be entered to the 
autopilot ABSU-154-II (using a shifter). 
Moreover, – in conflict with Kommersant 
insinuations - the pilot ceased descending 
on the decision level of 100m (ft330).  

5.  “Meanwhile, the navigator was controlling 

the altitude using a radio altimeter - the 
instrument setting out the distance from the 
ground on the basis of reflection from the 
surface of the radio signal.
” – This is a 
basic lie started by Kommersant, and 
repeated hundreds times by Polish and 
Russian media. According to CVR 
transcripts, the navigator was using only 
the barometric altimeter.  

6.  “Role in the fatal crash - according to the 

experts - has played a gently sloping, long 
ravine, deep on about 40 meters, located in 
front of the airport and the inexperience of 
the navigator.” – It is not a fact, because 
the navigator should not have any 
experience to be able to correctly read the 
altimeter. In addition, this insinuation was 
basic for farther disinformation – “they 
dived into the gorge, they were descending
 

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[incorrectly] on the radio altimeter” – 
media to be speaking. Nobody was able to 
read the manual – Tu-154M autopilot can 
only use barometric altimeter. It is 
impossible to descent on the autopilot with 
applied radio altimeter glidepath keeping.   

7.  “When the plane was flying above the 

bottom of the ravine and the earth began to 
flee down the navigator panicked and 
began to inform the commander that they 
were going above the course”. – It is not 
truth, no such statement in CVR 
transcripts. Moreover, the course is a 
magnetic or geographical direction – so it 
is possible to fly left or right off the course, 
but not above.   

8.  “The commander believed his subordinate 

and doubly increased descending rate. 
Meanwhile the ravine ended and a long hill 
appeared. And about excessive descending 
rate pilots forgave” – This is impossible 
for pilots to forgive about descending rate 
– clearly visible on the all indicators.        

http://www.tvn24.pl/1,1657106,druk.html

 

   

However, the problem is that, these completely absurd 

theories had been stated by somebody who knows 
nothing about flying and Tu-154M characteristics had 
been published by the most opinion forming 
Kommersant, read by Russian elite – lawyers, politics, 
and doctors. Such serious newspaper would never print 
so – the only one word is correct here - idiot opinion. 
This one of the evidences, that disinformation processes 

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are conducted by authorities, forcing defined behaviour 
on the editors, which in Russia is normal. Moreover, it 
indicates that disinformation is coordinated by the 
Russians. 

On the 21

st

 of April 2010 comparable with “The Sun”, 

popular daily “Fakt” (pol. “Fact”, owned by German 
Axel Springer Group), quoted Mr Vladimir Ivanov, who 
was lying that he recorded the first film form the place of 
the catastrophe. It was one of few persons, who said that 
they are authors – but every of them say one thing: 
“There were no shots on the recording and if even was 
nobody was killed by Russians”, of course on this first 
recording from the place of the catastrophe (14 minutes 
after the terrain impact) there were three shots.  

This aspect, of course commonly reported by the all-

mainstream media was prepared to evidence that it was 
not an assassination.  

On the 21

st

 of April 2010 also echo of the words of Lt. 

Wosztyl, MAK report and radio-altimeter using 
hypothesis can be detected.  

This was also a time of flooding, a tragedy, but making 

able disinformation coordinators to stop their processes 
(to not be diagnosed as a propaganda they should before 
every bigger strike find or scatter substitution subject).  

Also Polish self-styled Polish representative, Col. 

Edmund Klich (do not mistake with Mr Bogdan Klich, 
MD) suddenly appeared on the end of May, to show, that 
he has a CVR transcripts, but he did not give it anybody 
and did not disclose it. He wanted only to boast and next 
time state, that it had been a pilot’s error. 

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 (

http://www.fakt.pl/Zapis-czarnych-skrzynek-jest-juz-

w-Polsce-,artykuly,72644,1.html

 

The number of publications concerning pilots’ error 

suddenly decreased because the end on May Polish 
interior minister Mr Jerzy Miler meet Mrs. Anodina in 
Moscow and received his own CVR transcripts, but also 
CVR audio on CD (still secret) and the most important 
Flight Data Recorder parameters on CD (also still secret).  

 

2.10 

Self-styled but necessitating representative, 

investigation who is who and notable so-called 

“experts”.   

 

Edmund Klich  

 

“Yes, it was a pilot error”. 

Edmund Klich  

The 22

nd

 of May was not a flashpoint, but a 

continuation of started processes. On the other hand, it 
was also a time of great come back of Mr Edmund Klich. 
According to Polish officers, Mr Klich requested to 
Smolensk by Mr Alexei Morozov, came. There are many 
self-conflicted versions of the work of Mr Klich.   

However, that is a fact, that Mr Klich decided to 

contact with journalists on the 23.04.2010 and stated as 
following (

http://dlapilota.pl/wiadomosci/polska/klich-

nie-musielismy-byc-petentem-rosjan

): 

1.  There was a chaos in Russian investigation.  

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2.  Poland took a role of a petitioner in Russian 

investigation.  

3.  He had been forced to co-operation with 

prosecutors by the minister Klich, MD.  

4.  “I know what is the target and who is doing 

clamour here. People who are guilty of the 
catastrophe want to lay everything on the 
pilots’ doors, but the cause was another. And 
they 
[pilots] are only the last on the end of a 
daisy chain taking errors of everybody.” 
– 
had out Mr Klich with Klich, MD.       

On the 6

th

 of May 2010, Mr Klich had been requested 

to the Commission of the Air Transport and Naval 
Economy of the Parliament Infrastructure Commission, 
to explain sense of his statement and submit a 
clarification. He came

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-06-

27-stenogram-z-przesluchania-edmunda-klicha.html

.   

In his interrogation took part: Mr Cezary Grabarczyk, 

minister of the infrastructure, Mr Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz, 
deputy minister of the infrastructure, Mr Marcin Idzik 
deputy minister of defense, Mr Henryk Litwin, deputy 
minister of foreign affairs, Mr Maciej Krych, deputy 
head of consular department of ministry of foreign affairs 
and Gen. Anatol Czaban, head of training command of 
the Polish Air Force Headquarters in Warsaw. President 
of the commission (PTLiGM)  – Mr Krzysztof 
Tchorzewski of conservative Law and Justice, of dead 
president (opposite to governing Civic Platform liberal 
party of Mr Donald Tusk) was interrogation Mr Klich. 
(Translation word-by-word)  

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Head of CommissionI ask Mr Representative of 
Poland to introduce to today meeting.
  

Edmund Klich: First. I would like to state, that if some 
dates won’t compatible, 

I don’t have these notes

, that 

would today be useful, so there any shifts of one day, or 
the hours won’t be compatible, so please forgive. If there 
will be questions in writing I can answer later.      

HCA mike, closer please. 
EKExcuse me, repeat or... (?) 
HCNo.  
EK: It was already understandable. Second. I want to 
demarcate two concepts. If I will speak “examination” it 
means that it is examination by commission either Polish, 
or of Russian Federation. If I will speak “investigation”, 
it means that it is an affair of the prosecution. And this 
should be demarked, cause often this concepts are 
mistaken and information chaos arises then and some 
misunderstandings are due to this reason.      

I'll start from the first information, about which – like 
perhaps most of you – I know from media. Even called 
also a son. He said: “Dad, do you know what is 
happening?”. I turned on TVN-24, I see what is 
happening, and as a result I started packing and I go to 
Warsaw, because I knew already that can be legal 
problem. Why? Because that aircraft is an aircraft - was 
an aircraft of state aviation. The crew was military. 

Therefore, it concerns the state aviation, which doesn’t 
involve Annex 13 to the Convention of International 
Civil Aviation.

  

(…)  

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So somewhere half away, perhaps in region of Garwolin, 
cause I live in Deblin, and for weekends I go to Deblin, 
in week or if necessary, I live in Warsaw, so there is no 
here some   problem of way in, to the place of accident or 
aught. 
Half away I received a call from Mr Alexei Morozov, this 
is currently head of Commission of Russian Federation, 
deputy of Mrs. Anodina – a head of <<Miezhnarodna 
Aviatsionnaya Komisya…>> Committee, it means 
International Aviation Committee Because that 
Committee has bigger task than examination and 
examination conducts in 12 countries of former Soviet 
Union, it means every besides Baltic Countries.  
He called me and told mine, that there is a catastrophe in 
Smolensk, and he treats it as a telephone notification, 
however official will be later. And there was at once 
question about procedures, according to which will this 
accident be examined.  
He proposed Annex 13 to Convention, cause I think, that 
according to his knowledge, and then my knowledge, it 
was the only document, that signed Polish side, and 
Russian Federation as a Chicago convention – so called 
‘from ’44 year” .   
 

Following facts are here interesting: 

1.  After a month of working Mr Klich did not even 

know what is the name of Russian institution – 
Interstate Aviation Committee – that Mr Klich 
called in Russian word-by-word International 
Aviation Commission (with an error in the first 
word: exactly he said something like 

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“Intnational” or “Intenation”, not “International”), 
which he interpreted in Polish: “International 
Aviation Committee which still was incomparable 
with real name. It means that: 

a.  Mr Klich cannot speak Russian.  
b.  Indolence of Mr Klich is clearly visible. If 

he cannot determine what is the name of 
commission he is cooperating with, he 
will not be able to determine causes of the 
air disaster. Moreover, he did not have an 
access to own notes in Warsaw, it is 
possible that he left it in Moscow.   

2.  Mr Klich did know perfectly that it is illegal to 

examine (or investigate) Smolensk Air Disaster, 
but after Morozov called he agreed to perform 
such illegal steps.  

3.  Mr Klich had been requested by Morozov half 

away to Warsaw from Deblin, Poland, so 
according to Google Earth 40km from Warsaw, 
he had been called by Mr Morozov. 

Because statements of Mr Klich are extremely difficult 

in perception, due to his specific language and grammar, 
as difficult in sense-by-sense translation, as well in word-
by-word translation, his long testimony is abstracted in 
paragraphs. 

1.  Mr Klich had arrived to the Ministry of 

Infrastructure and was explaining minister, Mr 
Grabarczyk what is Chicago Convention.  

2.  Then Mr Klich was watching TVN-24 news in 

the ministry.  

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3.  At 14:50, he received decision that he would fly 

to Smolensk – he was on the list of passengers 
of Mr Donald Tusk, prime minister.  

4.  He had arrived Warsaw Frederic Chopin 

International Airport before the prime minister 
and decided to departure by Yak-40 military 
aircraft to Smolensk, without the prime 
minister. Prime minister took off earlier, by a 
civil aircraft. Mr Klich had been flying in 
company of Mr Waldemar Targalski, who 
according to him was able to identify voices in 
the black box, as [former] Tu-154M pilot of the 
36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment.  

5.  According to Mr Klich on the place of accident 

it appeared that, they do not have visas, and 
have to comply many formalities.  

6.  At 20:00, he had been finally allowed to view 

place of the catastrophe. He was informed by 
Mr Morozov and Mrs. Anodina, who welcomed 
them that they already found the black boxes 
and there have to be two Polish people – a pilot 
and an expert necessary to examine recorders 
(black boxes) in Moscow. Mr Klich decided to 
send Mr Targalski, and a Head of Military 
Aviation Institute, but he did not agree, 
justifying, that better expert would arrive with 
the prime minister.  

7.  Mr Tusk and other passengers of his aircraft, 

including the expert were not stopped due to 
formalities, like Mr Klich. Mr Tusk’s delegation 
landed at Vitebsk, Belarus, had no any formal 

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problems on the airport and than on the Russo-
Belarusian border. 

8.  On the 11

th

 of April, Mr Klich was documenting 

place of the accident until afternoon, when huge 
delegation of the flight safety inspectorate of 
the Ministry of Defense arrived. It was about 20 
people.  

9.  Mr Klich was managing all the activities on the 

place of the air disaster, but organizational 
problems he ceded on Col. Grochowski, from 
the inspectorate.  

10. On the Monday chef of Polish commission 

became Col. Grochowski. Col. Klich however 
forced on him being his deputy, claiming that 
he knows Annex 13 in contrast to Col. 
Grochowski.  

11. Russian side had been represented in 

negotiations with Mr Klich and Mr Grochowski 
by Mr Morozov and a general who was a chief 
of Russian commission, but Mr Klich does not 
remember his surname! [According to 
unofficial information, it was Aleksandr 
Bastrykin].  

12. Mr Grochowski proposed to be Poland 

represented by 7 representatives, but Mr Klich 
told him, that according to the Annex 13 there 
could be only one representative, which can 
have advisors.  

13. Russians were not going to agree with the 

proposition of Mr Grochowski. But Mr Klich 
helped them stating that: 

a.  There can be only one representative.  

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b.  Because the Chicago Convention and its 

Annex 13 refers to civil aviation, Polish 
representative should become a civil 
person. Please notice, that Col. Klich 
represents civil commission, he is not 
military officer. 

The negotiations have been ended without result. There 

was no any agreement to use Annex 13 or to be Mr Klich 
a Polish representative.  

14. On the 13

th

 of April, Mr Klich had been 

requested to meet Prime Minister Col. Vladimir 
Putin.  

15. Mr Klich called Minister Cezary Grabarczyk 

[the same who did not know what is a Chicago 
Convention – it is terrible, because Mr 
Grabarczyk is a lawyer. For example, one of us 
feels that this Convention is known by him 
perfectly.] Mr Grabarczyk did not permitted on 
the meeting with Col. Putin, but also did not 
prohibit it.    

16. Mr Klich carried out a teleconference with: 

 

a.  Col. Vladimir Putin, prime minister of 
Russian Federation 

 

b.  Mr Sergei Ivanov, deputy prime minister 
of Russian Federation.  

 

c.  Gen. Tatiana Anodina, head of the 
Interstate Aviation Committee [but also wife 
of former prime minister, shareholder of the 
second larger airlines in Russia, empress of 
Soviet Aviation, 
professor of aircraft 
designing, mother of one of wealthiest 
Russians].  

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   17. Col. Putin and Mrs. Anodina told Mr Klich that 

they would proceed according to the   Annex 13.  

  18. After the teleconference Mr Morozov designed 

Mr Klich a representative of Poland   stating: Now 
you are the boss.  

  19. Mr Klich though that Mr Putin and Mrs. 

Anodina before had consulted examining the air 
disaster (or rather conducting the investigation) 
according to the Annex 13, with the Polish 
government and became a self-styled Polish 
representative. MAK dismissed col. Grochowski 
back home and Klich became an only leader of 
Polish expert’s team – 20 workers of Col. 
Grochowski and 1 worker of Mr Klich – Mr 
Frydrych.  

  21. Mr Klich made Col. Grochowski his deputy, 

although it is not normal practice in 
  investigations, to be conducted according to 
Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention.  

  22. On the 15

th

 of April Mr Bogdan Klich, MD 

appointed official Polish commission to 
  explain the catastrophe and nominated all it’s 
members Polish representatives, so did  

not 

agree to use Chicago Convention and Annex 13.   

  23. Mr Klich was nominated to be the chef of the 

Polish commission.  

  24. Mr Klich argued with military attorney Gen. 

Krzysztof Parulski (colonel and the time), because 
Mr Morozov asked him how it was possible, that 
an expert of Polish commission helped the 
prosecution. 

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  25. Mr Parulski told Mr Klich, that he was acting 

to the detriment of Poland deciding to use Annex     
13 However, Mr Klich extinguished his zeal, 
asking if Mr Parulski could speak English of 
Russian and how was he going to talk with Mr 
Morozov, not speaking these languages.  

  26. “Mrs. Fiszer” from Polish Embassy in Moscow 

took to Smolensk an interpreter… student of high 
school, who should help in interpreting and 
translating materials in one of the most important 
investigations in last years of NATO and European 
Union history.  

 

   
The following conclusions come from the Mr 

Klich’s interrogation.  

1.  Mr Klich perfectly knew that using Annex 

13 in investigation, so examining on the civil 
rules is illegal, because it was not civil but a 
military aircraft.  

2.  Mr Klich was endeavouring to break the law 

and conduct the investigation using Annex 
13.  

3.  Mr Klich after becoming a head of Polish 

commission betrayed state interest.  

4.  Russians were able to unbelievable simply 

manipulate Mr Klich. He was not competent 
even to guess, that if minister Grabarczyk 
knew nothing about planes of meeting 
Klich-Putin, Col. Putin had not previously 
talking with Polish government about the air 
disaster investigation plans.  

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5.  Mr Klich consciously managed to decrease 

number of Polish representatives to be the 
only representative.  

6.  Working of Mr Klich in a light of his own 

testimony, cover characteristics of the act of 
the article 129 of Polish Penal Code, Who 
being authorized to acting on behalf of 
Republic of Poland, acts to the detriment of 
Republic of Poland, is punishable from  one 
to ten years of imprisonment.   
  

  Because the acts of Mr Klich were inspired by the 

Russians, who could control him like a child – it is 
sure, those farther statements of him were also 
inspired by the Russians.     

     

However, that statement was very 

interesting.  

     

Please analyze his behaviour in a context 

of the text above.  

 

Statements and work of Polish self-styled 
representative in Moscow Col. Edmund Klich 

Date 

Edmund Klich Behaviour 

10.04.2010
-
22.04.2010 

-Mr Klich requested by Russians to Russia 
-Mr Klich has not any problems concerning co-
operation with Russians 
-Mr Klich although had known, that it is illegal 
managed to make wrong document legal base of the 
investigation 
-Mr Klich did not permit to carry out international 
investigation, going to be the investigation 
conducted according to Annex 13 
-Mr Klich managed to become the only Polish 
representative.  
-Mr Klich received military experts group of Col. 
Grochowski and became their new chef.  
-Mr Klich in conflict with attorney Parulski, because 
Russians (Mr Morozov) prohibited Klich to “lease” 
Parulski a meteorologist “received” from Grochowski’s 
commission. 

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-Mr Klich contacts with minister Klich, MD to 
complain attorney Parulski, but vainly   
-Mr Klich conquered in Russia role of the only 
Poland’s representative 
-Mr Klich dominated his concurrent Col. Grochowski 
-Mr Klich defended himself from indictment of 
attorney Parulski, because Parulski was depended from 
his help in investigation works and… talking with Mr 
Morozov, because speaks Polish only   

-

http://zbigniewkozak.pl/?p=1220

 

23.04.2010 

-Mr Klich criticises Polish negotiations with Russia 
(please notice, that he took part in this 
negotiations supporting Russians from MAK)  
-Mr Klich reports, that Poland took “suppliant role” 
in Russian investigation.  
-Mr Klich accused guilty people of doing “clamour”.    
-Mr Klich reported, that he knew what had happened 
-

http://www.tvn24.pl/12690,1653371,0
,1,klich-nie-musielismy-byc-
petentem-rosjan,wiadomosc.html

 

06.05.2010 

-Mr Klich expressed appreciation for the co-operation 
with Russians.  -

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1655117,0,1,w
czoraj-bylismy-petentem--dzis-jest-
juz-idealnie,wiadomosc.html

 

08.05.2010 

-Mr Klich reported about “the fifth voice in 
cockpit”.  
-He did not hear this voice in original CVR recording 
-Mr Klich saw official crash animation.  

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-
kaczynski-nie-zyje-2/kaczynski-
fakty/news-edmund-klich-byc-moze-w-
niedziele-zostanie-
rozpoznany,nId,276588

  

15.05.2010 

-Mr Klich reported, that the official crash animation 
did not answer what had happened (earlier he told 
something opposite).  
-There were 8 Polish experts in Moscow  
-The investigation results would be known in a year. 

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-
kaczynski-nie-zyje-2/kaczynski-

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fakty/news-edmund-klich-odtworzono-
ostatnie-minuty-lotu-
prezydenckiego,nId,278212

 

19.05.2010 

Official preliminary report 

www.mak.ru

  

19.05.2010 

-An information (not of Edmund Klich), that Gen. 
Blasik had been present in the cockpit appears.  
-Gen. Anodina reported, that affair of forced landing 
would be examined yet.  

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1656971,0,1,p
ap-to-glos-generala-
blasika,wiadomosc.html

 

24.05.2010 

According to Mr Edmund Klich (radio RMF FM, morning): 
-There was a fifth person in cockpit at the moment of 
catastrophe 
(not comparable with CVR
-According to Annex 13

th

 of Chicago Commission the 

only authorized to publish any information is 
international committee (this is an untruth, no any 
international committee assumption in the annex

-Mr Klich confirmed that did not know (after 1,5 
month of investigation!) how does Tu-154M cockpit 
look like (!).
   
-Mr Klich stated that he is not allowed to inform who 
had been the fifth voice owner. 
-Mr Klich stated that it was a fault of system. 

http://www.rmf24.pl/opinie/wywiady/
kontrwywiad/news-edmund-klich-
katastrofa-smolenska-skutkiem-
wieloletnich,nId,279719

    

24.05.2010 

TVN television, evening 
-At the same day he disclosed that the fifth voice 
was a voice of gen. Blasik, breaking his words from 
morning.  
-Mr Klich stated that it was a pilot error, breaking 
his morning words.   

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1657727,0,1,k
lich-w-kabinie-pilotow-do-konca-
byl-gen-blasik,wiadomosc.html

 

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1.06.2010 

CVR transcripts disclosed 

(

http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/2178777,

11,1,1,item.html

): 

-No evidence of forced landing 
-CVR transcripts seems to be dishonest  

A table above completely disqualifies Mr 

Klich. His own statements indicate that 
he is not characterized by any 
professionalism, self-restraint and 
honesty. He seems to be unbalanced and 
confused.  

  

Col. Stefan Gruszczyk: it was a suicide! 

Next days of the disinformation were full of the Polish 

and Russian expert’s opinion.  

 

Behaviour of Mr Stefan Gruszczyk should be also 

described here, because this former pilot seems to be the 
most immoral voice of the all criticizing PLF-101 crew. 
There are several another experts taking probably the part 
in disinformation, including for example Mr Tomasz 
Hypki, Col. Piotr Lukaszewicz, Capt. Robert Zawada but 
nobody had descended to mental level of Mr Gruszczyk. 
That former pilot is commonly quoted by Polish 
mainstream media as an expert, knowing himself as a 
former commander of Tu-154M squadron – such 
squadron however never existed…  
 
For example: 

1.  RMF FM: “It was a nonchalant flight”, “the crew 

was not harmonious” 

http://www.rmf24.pl/opinie/wywiady/przesluchan
ie/news-stefan-gruszczyk-lot-tu-154m-byl-
nonszalancki-zaloga-nie,nId,284218

 

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2.  TVN-24: „It was a hazard, playing Lotto, suicide

They broke rules written by blood.” 

http://www.tvn24.pl/1,1658058,druk.html

 

 
 

Mr Gruszczyk on the 24

th

 of May in TVN-24 had 

been explaining mistakenly sense of command “Posadka 
dopalnitielna” 
(landing conditionally), evidencing that 
this command exists only in Russia, because there is a 
possibility, that some aircraft had not left the runway (!). 
He did not notice that aircrafts use runways not only in 
Russia, so such argumentation should be missed. 
Moreover, before this command Smolensk ATC reported 
PLF-101 “runway is free” – it stays in conflict with Mr 
Gruszczyk argumentation.  
 

Moreover in a comment for Gazeta Wyborcza, 

when accuse dead colleagues, he mistook Global 
Positioning System (GPS) with Distance Measuring 
Equipment (DME), stating that GPS is only additional 
device helping in distance estimating. Please however 
notice, that during approach in Smolensk GPS was basic 
navigation form the autopilot to carry out approach.  
 

In the same article Mr Gruszczyk was evidencing 

not truthfully, that beacons has not any influence during 
approach and 10 degrees beacon direction oscillation had 
been correct (!). He also tried to justify Air Traffic 
Control, full of mistakes.   

 

http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,8114173,Katastrofa_w_Smol
ensku__To_byl_lot_na_slepo.html

 – please translate this 

article via for example google translate. Only reading of 
the manual can be recommended for Mr Gruszczyk. 
However, a number of his statements in mainstream 
media are unbelievable.  

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Tomasz Hypki and his boys 

 

Tomasz Hypki is according to “Nasz Dziennik” 

former WSI (military intelligence of Republic of Poland 
before 2006, co-operating with Russian intelligence, 
dealing guns, sponsoring mafia, training terrorists and do 
not performing any intelligence role) co-operator. 

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?dat=20100616&ty
p=po&id=po51.txt

  He is not credible, because of his 

statements concerning all modern Polish Air Force 
equipment in his journal “Skrzydlata Polska”. Mr Hypki 
many times tried to blame Polish pilots for the air 
disaster performing disinformation in mainstream media 
as well as in professional aviation press edited by him. 
He also in many interviews tried to accuse for the air 
disaster Polish Air Force or the pilots when it only was 
possible (

http://www.bibula.com/?p=20420

).   

 

Nevertheless not Mr Hypki, but his colleague and 

subordinate Mr Wojciech Luczak evidenced that do his 
best to blame the pilots and inculcate to public opinion, 
that it was no a technical fault and not an assassination or 
downing. In an interview from the 2

nd

 of June 2010 stated 

shamelessly: “Pilots made all possible errors!”. As well 
as he was talking about his hands shaking, when reading 
the CVR transcripts. Mr Luczak was lying: There was a 
chaos in cockpit! (…) Commander of the Air Force was 
reading manual of wing mechanization! 
– Please notice 
that it is a manipulation of facts, because such manual 
does not exist. Mr Luczak performs also typical 
manipulation concerning “Consultations with the 
passengers” 
(there were people on the board who 

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according to procedures PIC had to inform about the 
situation!) and “Lack of decision of the president”. Mr 
Luczak tries to evidence, that the pilots were idiots and 
Mr Kaczynski forced landing on them. He names Russian 
MAK “International Commission” what is an absurd. He 
also stated, that crew was inharmonious (he does not add, 
that the pilots had been training in common for 21 years 
and flying in common for 13 years), and of course the 
aircraft was efficient.   

http://www.se.pl/wydarzenia/opinie/zpiloci-poruszali-sie-
po-omacku_141424.html

    

 Mr Luczak however should not be accused for anything, 
because maybe the money, he received were for example 
necessary for his family – in such situation he cannot be 
accused. Due to this reason, the interview on Mr Luczak 
is not suitable to be farther published. Please remember 
that he is not an expert, although in mainstream media of 
Poland introduces himself as an expert. For example, he 
was evidencing after one of the Su-27 catastrophes that 
The speed was too high to inject” – this statement 
completely discredits him, because in Su-27 it is possible 
to inject with maximal airspeed.  
 
 

Gen. Parulski 

 

 

Gen. Krzysztof Parulski as Col. Krzysztof Parulski, 

Head Military Attorney supervises Polish prosecutors 
investigating Smolensk air disaster. He many times 
appears in media, but if does not have any positive 
information about work of Russians or new pilot error 
evidence for example he rather prefers to talk via Col. 

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Zbigniew Szelag. Col. Szelag – spokesman of the 
Military Attorney Office and Lt.-Col. Robert Kurpacz, 
his equivalent in Air Force Command, are designated to 
answer “dangerous” questions of the few, independent 
reporters. For example in on the 12

th

 of May 2010 in state 

TV TVP at 22:55 (on first or second channel probably) a 
reportage concerning Smolensk air disaster doubts had 
been emitted – Lt.-Col. Kurpacz in the face of journalist 
asking about aircraft’s unreasonable damage panicked 
and was not able to ask reliably.  

 

However, Mr Parulski is not a man to the dirty 

work. He in spotless uniform stood near the wreckage 
and stated: I had been sleeping only half an hour last 3 
days – I was working so hard…
  

 

Nevertheless, not only insomnia makes Mr 

Parulski even less credible than Mr Edmund Klich. His 
CV crosses him out. He was born in 1957. According to 
former Justice Minister Mr Zbigniew Ziobro, quoted by 
Polish Newsweek on the 25

th

 of February 2008 

(

http://www.newsweek.pl/artykuly/sekcje/postać_tygodni

a/wierny-ogrodnik,6725,1

) Mr. Parulski was a member of 

Polish communistic party (PZPR) during the time of 
could war and Soviet dominance. Moreover, he did not 
leave pro-Soviet formation until the Iron Curtain 
collapsed. According to Ziobro during Marshal Law in 
Poland, he was a prosecutor in the armed part of 
communistic secret service (SB) fighting against 
democratic opposition including the “Solidarity” of Mr 
Lech Walesa.    
 

Moreover, according to Newsweek Col. Parulski 

had been nominated three days after Mr Donald’s Tusk 
got control in Poland. During rules of Prime Minister 

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Jaroslaw Kaczynski, twin brother of late president Mr 
Lech Kaczynski, he had been dismissed after his critics 
concerning the government.  
 

Mr Parulski has therefore reasons to be pro-

Russian (because of his pro-Soviet allegations) and 
would not be able to maintain political objectivity – his 
target would be probably to hurt public relations of 
president’s brother and the president, who died.  
 

Moreover, Mr Lech Kaczynski (in contrast to 

now-a-day Polish president count Bronislaw 
Komorowski) refused to designate Col. Parulski to be a 
general. In addition, several another Polish officers 
taking part in Polish investigation 54/10 had not been 
promoted by Mr Kaczynski, including (

http://smolensk-

2010.pl/2010-04-27-kto-prowadzi-sledztwo.html

):  

1.  Director of Ministry of Defense Office, Col. Artur 

Kolosowski, 

2.  Director of Military Courts Department in 

Ministry of Justice, Col. Zenon Stankiewicz, 

3.   Director of Military Foreign Affairs, Gen. 

Romuald Ratajczak.   

 

     

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2.11 Summary  

 

Disinformation and indoctrination after Smolensk Air 
Disaster is carried out on three independent scenes:  

Scene 

Target 

Methods 

Russia 
(interior)  

-To evidence 
that it was a 
pilot error 
-To show 
Putin’s power 
and good will 
of Russian 
authorities 

-Using of dishonest 
argumentation (for 
example that Polish pilots 
did not speak Russian) 
-Official statements of 
authorities, making 
impression of perfectly 
conducted investigation 
-Using of laying sentences 
of Polish experts and 
journalists (for example 
interview of Mr Waclaw 
Radziwinowicz). 
-Dishonest communicates 
(for example from the 1

st

 

of June, Russiya-1 TV, 
“Polish commission is 
interested in finding out, 
why did the pilots landing 
under such conditions and 
who could force it” – for 
information it was not 
landing but go around 
attempt)   

West and 
NATO 

-Statement of 
highest rank 
generals, 

-Convince that the 
investigation is carried out 
according to all western 

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prosecutors, 
ministers and 
president 
Dmitry 
Medvedev. 

standards. 
-State clearly and 
undeniably that it was a 
pilot error. 

Poland 

-Medial 
offensive 
-Official 
statements of 
Polish 
authorities 

-Confuse people showing 
self-conflicted information  
-State clearly that it was a 
pilot error 
-Convince perfect 
condition of the aircraft 
-Convince poor training of 
the pilots and their errors 
-Convince that the 
president forced landing 
-Laugh down conspiracy 
theories  
-Use only Polish people to 
accusing that it was a pilot 
error to be out of suspicion  
-Strength Polish experts 
and officials by unofficial 
Russian experts statements 

 
Disinformation is coordinated by the same decision 

making centre that official investigation, what is 
evidenced by the synchronization of all the scenes of 
mass disinformation campaign and with next stages of 
the investigation. Disinformation is strength by 
authorities of Russian Federation and Republic of 
Poland, what is evidenced clearly by their official 
statements. 

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Testimony of Mr Kaczynski  

published by TVN-24 

 
According to official testimony of Mr Jaroslaw 

Kaczynski, former prime minister and brother of died 
president, less then a hour minutes after the time of 
the air disaster he had been called by Mr Radoslaw 
Sikorski, foreign affairs minister of Poland, who 
stated categorically, that “it was a pilot error”.
 

http://www.tvn24.pl/-1,1673692,0,1,kaczynski-w-
prokuraturze-tusk-odpowiedzialny-za-
katastrofe,wiadomosc.html

 

Moreover, Mr Sikorski knew about the air disaster 15 

minutes after it had happened.   

Such behaviour of Mr Sikorski, who  sent to Smolensk 

his deputy indicates clearly, that he clearly knew  
minutes after the air disaster how would be the 
disinformation campaign carried out. He probably also 
had known about the air disaster more then a day before.  

 Please notice, that during a call of Mr Sikorski it was 

still unknown how many people were travelling by flight 
PLF-101, but Mr Sikorski already had found out cases.  

 

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1.  This thread seems to be very interesting, 

because of its relevance. We – so to say – 
tentatively asked dozen of pilots and experts 
and nobody of them knows about a 
catastrophe, concerning an aircraft carrying 
high-ranking people, who exerted a kind of 
emphasis to pilots, which led to a disaster. 
There is of course a set of catastrophes, where 
presidents, prime ministers, governors died. 
For example in 1986 crashed, an aircraft of 
Mr Samora Machel, president of 
Mozambique, who is Tupolev-134, crashed in 
similar (of course only in some aspects) to 
Smolensk Air Disaster circumstances. 

http://aviation-
safety.net/database/record.php?id=19861019-
0

 But never any president personally cased an 

air disaster of his own aircraft. 

2.  Mr Donald Tusk is Polish PM since 2007 

http://www.thenews.pl/national/?id=69544

 

3.  Mr Donald Tusk was opponent of Mr Lech 

Kaczynski during 2005 election. It’s 
confirmed by Polish State Election 
Commission: 

http://prezydent2005.pkw.gov.pl/PZT/PL/WY
N/W/index.htm

 

4.  JSC “Tupolev” Russia, Moscow, number of 

MAK certificate: P-62, issued from 
12.10.2000 for all civil aircraft designations.    

5.  Tupolev Tu-154M lux 

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6.  The MAK representatives as well as the main 

engineer of 36 Special Transport Regiment 
were present in Samara at the time of the 
general repair and modernization works, 
which took several month. The Samara 
Aircraft Plant “Aviacor” is Joint Stock 
Company certificated by MAK as repair 
station for Tu-154M aircraft. MAK 
certification for the repair station number: 
СПР-27, issued from 07.02.2000, renewed 
17.02.2009, Joint Stock Company “Aviacor-
aviatzionny zavod” Samara, Russia         

7.  Certificate for: The Tu-154M, An-140, An-

140-100 aircraft production, number ОП50-
ПВС, issued from 06.09.2001, renewed 
30.04.2008. The aircraft had been produced in 
Kyubishev (now Samara) in 1990.  

8.  - Joint Stock Company “Aviacor-aviatzionny 

zavod” Samara, Russia, certificate number: № 
СПР-27 (as above)  

 

 

 

 

 

 

          - Joint Stock 

Company “VARZ-400” Moscow, Russia, 
certificate number: № СПР-09, issued from 
31.03.98, renewed 05.12.2008   

9.  Joint Stock Company “NPO Saturn” Rybinsk, 

Russia, certificate number: № СПР-29, issued 
30.09.2002, renewed 06.10.2008.    

10. Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Ufa 

Aggregate Enterprise “GIDRAVLIKA”, Ufa, 
Russia, certificate number: СПР-82, issued 
from 12.01.2009.    

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11. MAK certificates only few airports. 

Smolensk-North Airport (XUBS) had not 
been certificated by MAK, but as dated on 
19

th

 of May 2010 MAK’s preliminary report 

says: “On 16

th

 of March at the airfield 

Smolensk “North” a technical flight was 
curried out by a commission of Russian 
specialists to check readiness of the airfield to 
receive Tu-154 and Tu-134
” 
(

http://www.mak.ru/russian/russian.html

). 

Although it was military airfield (but since 
2009 not an airbase) it did not have to be a 
military commission, because the main user of 
the Smolensk-North was a civil facility, 
Smolensk Aircraft Plant (74, Frunze str., 
Smolensk 214006, Russia), a part of 
Yakovlev concern (

http://www.yak.ru/ENG/

).     

12. MAK issues certificates throw Aviaregister 

company. Information concerning their prices 
appears here

http://prawica.net/opinie/22208

http://www.bibula.com/?p=24697

http://wing2009.salon24.pl/190567,anodina-z-
kgb-nie-z-krakowa

 

13. 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1342,title,Rzado
wy-samolot-wreszcie-moze-leciec-po-
Polakow-na-
Haiti,wid,11887293,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1
a938

 

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-

trzesieniezieminahaiti/trzesieniehaiti3/news-
tu-154-naprawiony-ratownicy-wracaja-do-
kraju,nId,234663

   

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14. Due to a lack of reliable sources (listed in 12 

are not so sufficient to base whole topic on 
them) we asked high-rank Russian Aircraft 
industry exponent, who told me that a price of 
MAK certification can reach even $3-5 
million, and has to be paid again during the 
certification renewing. However, not only 
official price, but also “additional 
gratification” (so-could “viatkha”) should be 
paid to get MAK certificate. It is only 
unofficial information. Nevertheless, even 
Boeing is forced to pay charges for 
certificates of MAK - that is a fact.  

15. All MAK reports about this disaster are 

published on the website of the organization. 

http://www.mak.ru/russian/russian.html

, but 

investigation reports are only presented in 
Russian language.    

16. Disinformation (Rus. Dezinformatsiya

was many times used by KGB and 
contemporary Russian intelligence FSS. 
British novelist, Mr Ken Follett described it as 
follows: “He would be the unconscious 
channel for a piece of disinformation aimed at 
another country’s intelligence service”. 

17. Intensive, forcible indoctrination, usually 

political or religious, aimed at destroying a 
person’s basic convictions and attitudes and 
replacing them with an alternative set of fixed 
beliefs. 

18. The possibility of pilot’s error is completely 

unbelievable, because diving flight on sink 

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rate of 12 m/s would be suicidal act at an 
altitude of 250-300 feet. Some piece of 
evidence concerning loose of control will be 
described in the next sections of this 
publication.   

19. Term “Conspiracy theories” (Pol. Teoria 

spiskowa) seems to be used in Polish media, 
every time when logical contra-theory of 
official version is published.  

20. For Russian popular radio station 

“Kommersant” from 10.04.10. This sentence 
of Mr Jirinovskiy was also published in Polish 
TV stations: TVP INFO (part of Polish 
national TV concern TVP -  

www.tvp.info

), 

TVN and TVN-24 (of TVN inc. media 
concern), Polsat / Polsat News and also by 
“Gazeta Wyborcza” and many web portals 
including firs Polish web portal wp.pl, and 
one of the most popular portals onet.pl (part 
of TVN inc.). This sentence was also quoted 
by Polish Press Agency (PAP).     

21. Review for Russian “Novaiya Gazeta” from 

11.04.10.  

22. All the information according to 

governmental answer for interpellation of Mr 
Karol Karski (Member of Parliament) 
concerning situation before the flight to 
Ganja. 

http://www.raportnowaka.pl/doc/ZAPYTANI
E%20%202496%20posla%20Gosiewskiego.p
df

 Even an article of “Gazeta Wyborcza” 

titled “Incydent Gruzinski” (“Georgian 

background image

 

Incident”) from 24.04.10, which has been 
published online: 

http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,7808706,Incydent
_gruzinski.html

, and official text completely 

discredit sentences of Mr Radziwinowicz.  

23. 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7744859.st
m

 

24. Probably IFF transponder was comparable 

only with NATO IFF systems. For example, 
American Raytheon APX-113 already used by 
Polish Air Force or Polish Radwar “Suprasl” 
IFF systems or did not have any IFF systems 
installed on the board.   

25. According to Polish lawyer, president has not 

such powers in Poland, and he cannot dismiss 
an officer. According to Polish Constitution 
voted in 1997, there is rather parliamentary 
demarcation, than presidential demarcation 
system in Poland. President is chef of armed 
forces only in symbolical meaning. The real 
competences are owned by the Prime Minister 
and Government, elected by Parliament. 
 – he 
explained.  

26. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk

 

“Tusk was officially designated as Prime 
Minister on 9 November 2007 and took office 
on 16 November. His cabinet won the vote of 
confidence in the Sejm on 24 November 
2007.” 

27. 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80
708,7757486,Piloci_ladowali_wbrew_zalecen
iom__Potwierdza_to_zapis.html

 

background image

 

28. CVR was examined by MAK, after it had 

been undertook by the Russians probably 
without Polish representatives. During the 
CVR examination, Polish representatives Mr 
Waldemar Targalski and Mr Slawomir 
Michalak were present.  

29. The first exemplar of the first version of the 

CVR transcripts was prepared by MAK on 2

nd

 

of May 2010. Before this time Polish military 
prosecutor informed, that to read 1 second of 
recording should be spend 3 minutes of time. 
As we can calculate, it gives about 114 hour 
for all CVR recording.  

30. See footnote: 27.  
31. It is necessary to quote a message form a 

friend of one of us: “I am now watching on 
TV Putin’s commission. Our transport 
minister has just said that <they landed when 
a visibility was 400m horizontal, and 50m 
vertical and a ‘normative’ for Tu-154M is 
visibility 1000 and 100 meters.> This cretin – 
as a railway specialist - never heart about a  
word ‘minimum’.”   

32. On the surface, 10 or 15 seconds seems to be 

not much. Nevertheless, according to CVR 
transcripts from the most probable moment of 
the glideslope deviation to the time of 
controller’s command “Go around” (Rus. 
Ukhod na vtoroi krug
) at least 13 statements 
are noted. 

33. “The sound of a collision with a forest 

massif” – 10:40:59,3-10:41:04,6  

    

background image

 

D: Ukhod na vtoroi krug” (go around) – 
10:41:02,0 – 10:41:03,4.  

34. 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80
625,7754920,Rosja__Polska_zaloga_nie_wyp
elniala_polecen_kontrolera.html

 

35. As alternative airports, Vitebsk, Belarus 

(UMII, VTB) and Minsk, Belarus (UMMS, 
MSQ) were chosen.  

36. According to opinion of serious expert, Mr 

Andrzej Gieroczynski, Head of Air 
Navigation Services Department of Polish 
Civil Aviation Authority, whose expressions 
are quoted here: 

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?dat=20
100703&typ=po&id=po02.txt

   

37. As for Smolensk Airport Zone CTR, below 

the altitude of 11810 feet. Phrase “Chef of 
flights” refers to Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin, Air 
Traffic Controller of Russian Air Force.  

38. Literally. 
39. As for the Smolensk-North Aerodrome 

(XUBS, LNX). 

40. It should not be assumed, that he lied 

deliberately, as he seemed to do. Probably he 
mistook or had been previously by someone 
misled. However, such situation, concerning 
so serious general should not ever happen.     

41. Without the Flight Data Recorders opened, he 

could not know yet, that crew did not try to 
cease descending.  

42. Sources of this information: 

background image

 

 

http://www.tvn24.pl/0,1664853,0,1,br
udzinski-tusk-zostawil-cialo-
prezydenta-w-blocie,wiadomosc.html

 

 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomo
sci/1,80271,8136016,Kolejna_relacja_
ze_Smolenska__cialo_Kaczynskiego_
lezalo.html?order=najnowsze&v=1&o
bxx=8136016

  

 

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-07-23-
lecha-kaczynskiego-identyfikowano-
w-obskurnej-budzie.html

 

 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomo
sci/1,80271,8136016.html

  

 

http://www.bibula.com/?p=24728

 

 

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-07-23-
w-smolensku-tusk-z-putinem-nawet-
nie-podeszli-do-ciala-prezydenta-
lecha-kaczynskiego-przez-5-godzin-
zwloki-lezaly-w-blocie.html

 

 

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/459542,5084
08.html

 

 

http://www.polskieradio.pl/wiadomosc
i/kraj/artykul176663.html

 

 

http://www.pardon.pl/artykul/11984/_/
25

 

 

http://www.fakt.pl/Co-Rosjanie-robili-
z-cialem-prezydenta-,galeria-
artykulu,77758,3.html

 

 

43. en.wikipedia.org: Komorowski was the 

governing Civic Platform party’s candidate in 
the resulting 2010 presidential election, which 
he won in the second round of voting on 4 

background image

 

July 2010. He will be sworn in as President in 
his own right in August 2010.  

44. 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80
625,7758345,Ustalenia_sledczych__katastrof
a_nie_mogla_byc_spowodowana.html

 

45. Katyn is situated about five miles away from 

Smolensk-North (XUBS) Aerodrome.  

46. Since last general repair and modernization in 

Samara, Russia in December 2009 to the time 
of catastrophe in April 2010, at least 10 
serious faults had been noted, including 2 
emergency landing, 1 aircraft’s grounding 
during a mission in Puerto Rico (TJSJ, SJU). 
Tu-154M 101 was the only aircraft of the 36 
Special Air Transport Regiment which had in 
2010 (before April the 10

th

) any fault en route. 

47. 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80
625,7757743,Sledczy_badaja__czarne_skrzyn
ki__samolotu__Moga_byc.html

 

48. PAP – Polish Press Agency (Polska Agencja 

Prasowa), the biggest Polish press agency. 
PAP is public institution.  

49. Concerning Warsaw-Okecie Frederic Chopin 

International Airport (EPWA, WAW), 
Poland, a departure airport of presidential 
flight PLF-101, from 10

th

 of April 2010 

(aircraft took off at 7:27 GMT+2).  

50. 

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/459542,460498.html

 

51. It could also be Polish ATM-QAR “Black 

box”. In such situation CVR/FDR would be 
found on the 11

th

 of April and QAR a day 

after.   

background image

 

52. 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/12
/poland-national-mourning-plane-crash

 

53. Article “The black boxes read”  

http://www.niezalezna.pl/article/show/id/3295
4

 Wprost weekly description: 

http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/source-
information/122081-wprost

 

54. On the first animation published online by 

“Gazeta Wyborcza”, and then another one 
created by TVP, national TV, an airplane hit 
the tower, before crashed. As appeared a time 
after, there is no a tower near airport, but as 
many witnesses reported, before the crash 
airplane cut an antenna of inner marker NDB 
beacon (310). A Russian soldier related that 
he was near the antenna, when it was cut, but 
later reports demented also this information.   

55. 

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/04/po
land_in_mourning.html

   

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/
article-1265255/Polish-president-Lech-
Kaczynski-killed-plane-crash-mourned.html

 

56. 

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-07-21-secrets-
of-the-black-box.html

 

http://www.bibula.com/?p=24419

   

http://aviation-
safety.net/database/record.php?id=19940606-
1

 

57. 

http://www.polskieradio.pl/prezydent2010en/

 

58. 

http://www.wajda.pl/en/default.html

 

59. 

http://www.tvn24.pl/24467,1652095,0,1,katyn
-chce-obejrzec-caly-swiat,wiadomosc.html

 

background image

 

60. 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,119674,title,Kom
miersant-warunki-ladowania-nie-zle-ale-
ekstremalne,wid,12173854,wiadomosc.html

 

61. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX9uBGS
KYJI

 

62. 

http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0411/poland.htm

 

63. 

http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE6390Q
U20100411 

 

64. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tquqtte4e
3M

  

65. As reported Polish lawyer, a friend of one of 

us: “Hi, still nothing of course. We have been 
all standing in the queue for 6 hours and still 
cannot get the Palace. We don’t know what to 
do now, cause according to my orientation 
we’re half a way, and it is getting dark. 
Regards from Poland.”  

66. 

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/201
0/04/17/2010-04-
17_100000_poles_meet_in_warsaw_square_t
o_mourn_polish_president_lech_kaczynski_o
the.html

 

67. Pictures of Mr Barack Hussein Obama, 

playing golf and have fun during the funeral 
of his third largest ally of Iraq and 
Afghanistan war president’s funeral, are 
published here

http://www.fakt.pl/Gdy-

chowali-prezydenta-Obama-gral-w-
golfa,artykuly,69661,1.html

, description: 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,119674,title,Jedni
-przylecieli-mimo-chmury-pylu-inni-grali-w-

background image

 

golfa,wid,12187928,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=
1a9ef&_ticrsn=3

 

68. 

http://www.plotek.pl/plotek/1,78649,7792615,
Jak_prezydent_Gruzji_przedarl_sie_do_Polsk
i.html

 

69. 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,119674,title,Wyd
aje-sie-ze-przyczyna-katastrofy-byl-blad-
pilota,wid,12189698,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=
1a9a9

 

70. See publications of Mr Henryk Piecuch, for 

example “Sluzby specialne atakuja!” 

71. 

http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Ur
z%C4%85d_Ochrony_Pa%C5%84stwa

 

72. So-called Gauck Office, a federal agency 

publishing all Stasi acts. In Germany, 
everybody can read Stasi Acts. 

73. A postulator of SB archives opening was Mr 

Janusz Kurtyka, who died in Smolensk Air 
Disaster, 10.04.2010. Gen. Czempinski did 
not ever hide his disapprobation for the IPN 
and Mr Kurtyka planes.   

74. As in 69 – it had been quoted for example by 

wp.pl web portal but also by a number TV 
news.  

75. Mrs. Olejnik was also talking with Gen. 

Czempinski for example about volcano ash 
cloud over the Europe and piloting in such 
conditions.   

76. 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,4892,title,Kpt-
Protasiuk-byl-jednym-z-najlepszych-pilotow-
byl-z-

background image

 

elity,wid,12192969,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1
a9f5&_ticrsn=5

 

77. 

http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/2159290,11,1,1,,ite
m.html

 

78. 

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-kaczynski-
nie-zyje-2/kaczynski-fakty/news-kiedy-
ministrowie-przywioza-z-rosji-czarne-
skrzynki,nId,273892

 

79. Sourced from official web sites: Wyborcza.pl 

and Gazeta.pl web portals of Agora S.A., 
Warsaw, Poland, Joint Stock Company, a 
publisher of “Gazeta Wyborcza” owned by 
enigmatic “Agora Koncern” Corporation and 
Mr Adam Michnik.  

80. Mr Tomasz Hypki is not pilot, but a 

journalist.  

81. 

http://fakty.interia.pl/raport/lech-kaczynski-
nie-zyje/news/rosyjski-ekspert-przyczyna-
klasyczny-blad-pilota,1474078,6914

 

82. Please see as following: 

http://www.tvp.info/informacje/swiat/r
ozmawiali-z-wieza-po-rosyjsku-mieli-
problemy/1645736

 

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-
kaczynski-nie-zyje-2/kaczynski-
fakty/news-pulkownik-stroinski-
dobrze-mowimy-po-
rosyjsku,nId,272287

 

83. Please see as following: 

http://www.tvn24.pl/12690,1651767,0,
1,pilot--ktory-latal-z-prezydentem-
bylo-jedno-zajscie,wiadomosc.html

 

background image

 

http://zulusmjz.blog.interia.pl/?id=187
6255

 

84. Demented by Col. Edmund Klich, (self-styled 

Polish representative in MAK, Moscow 
investigation concerning Smolensk Air 
Disaster) in TVN “Teraz My” show on the 
24

th

 of May 2010.  

 

background image

 

3. Facts 

3.1 The last travel 

 
 

Before the tragic flight Polish Military Counter-

Intelligence Service (SKW) noted extraordinary activity 
of Russian Secret Service in Poland. It was clearly visible 
for them that the activity should had been concerning 
presidential flight. After analysing of the informations,  
head of the Military Counter-Intelligence Service decided 
to issue alert about Medium Danger of an Assassination, 
according to an officer we were talking with. However 
there was no reaction of the governmental security 
service (BOR). Moreover it was permitted for Russian 
engineers to enter the board of the aircraft less than 24 
hours before the air disaster. Here is described what 
unfortunately happened later.   
 

Polish Air Force Tupolev-154M, flight number 

PLF-101 took off Warsaw Frederic Chopin International 
(WAW/EPWA) on the 10

th

 of April 2010 at 7:00 local 

time, in a presidential HEAD status flight to Smolensk-
North Air Base, Russia (XUBS). That day, at the dusk 
another Polish Air Force jet – PLF-044, departed 
Warsaw, and landed in Smolensk at 9:15 Moscow time, 
about 15 minutes before PLF-101 taking off.  
 

Polish delegation for anniversary ceremony in 

Katyn, Russia consisted of 129 people. It included people 
officially invited, representatives of the Polish embassy 
in Moscow and official presidential delegation. 

http://www.naszapolska.pl/index.php/redakcja/975-klich-
mia-lecie-qnpq-publikuje-pierwotn-list-pasaerow-tu-
154m

 

background image

 

 

Office of Mr Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of 

Republic of Poland decided to send two aircraft to 
Smolensk. Smolensk Air Base is situated only about 5 
miles way from Katyn, a place of II World War Stalin 
crime – massacre of Polish officers. First part of the 
anniversary celebrations took place on the 7

th

 of April, 

but due to precisely synchronized common action of 
Polish Government of Mr Donald Tusk (opposition for 
president Mr Kaczynski) and Russian government 
celebration were divided – Mr Kaczynski was not able to 
fly on the 7

th

 of April to Katyn, and had to go there on 

the 10

th

 of April, although his desire was to participate in 

celebrations on the 7

th

 of April, with Mr Tusk and Col. 

Putin.  
 

On the 10

th

 of April, Mr Tusk or any minister of 

his government did not go to Katyn and did not enter the 
board of flight 101.  
 

Minister of National Defence, Mr Bogdan Klich, 

MD (anti-war activist, medical doctor-psychiatrist  

http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,6305447,Przywitanie_z_bron
ia__Rzecz_o_Bogdanie_Klichu.html

), in conflict with 

preliminary declarations, coincidentally broke own’s 
words and with no giving reasons resigned of the flight. 
However, he agreed in writing, to 7 head Polish armed 
forces commanders fly (by one plane), and sent his 
deputy, Mr Kremer, who was killed in Smolensk Air 
Disaster. 
 

In addition, two other Mr Tusk’s government 

members – Mr Bogdan Zdrojewski and Mr Radoslaw 
Sikorski sent to Smolensk their deputies. 
 

A while after the catastrophe Mr Sikorski, was 

talking with president’s brother Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski, 

background image

 

instead of condolence he was told him that “it had been a 
pilot error”).  
 
 

First of the aircraft sent, little jet took off Warsaw 

at dusk under a call sign “PLF-044”. It was piloted by Lt. 
Artur Wosztyl. List of passengers of PLF-044 consisted 
with 15 journalists: 

1.  Mr Jerzy Kubrak (Fakt) 
2.  Mr Jacek Turczyk (PAP)  
3.  Mr Wojciech Cegielski (Polish radio)   
4.  Mr JakubBerent, (Radio ESKA / VOX FM / 

WAWA) 

5.  Mrs. Agnieszka Lichnerowicz (Radio TOK- FM)  
6.  Mrs. Danuta Woźnicka (Radio ZET) 
7.  Mr Pawel Swiader (RMF FM) 
8.  Mr Pawel Zukowicz (TV TRWAM) 
9.  Mr Jan Mroz (TVN-24) 
10. Mr Piotr Ferenc (Gazeta Polska)  
11. Mr Marcin Wojciechowski (Gazeta Wyborcza) 
12. Mr Krzysztof Strzępka (PAP)      
13. Mr Pawel Wudarczyk (Polsat News) 
14. Mrs. Joanna Bichniewicz-Lichocka (TVP) 
15. Mr Marek Pyza (TVP),  

as well as three crewmembers and a flight attendant. 
 

Probably on the board of Yak-40 there were also 

1-5 additional people, including Mr Jacek Sasin, 
Chancellery of President.     
 

According to the decision of the Prime Minister 

Office (KPRM) other members of the delegation got 
Smolensk on their own (by rail) or airborne by 
governmental Tu-154M, operated by the 36

th

 Special Air 

Transport Regiment in Warsaw.  

background image

 

 

Official HEAD instruction, regulating VIP flights 

in Poland obligates to chose also an alternative aircraft 
for a flight under head status. However government did 
not charter additional plane and there was no alternative 
airplane chosen by the 36SATR, due to lack of such 
comparable with Tu-154M aircraft in the fleet. Only one 
Tu-154M was in readiness to perform the presidential 
flight.  
 

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/bpl_index.php?dat=2

0100811&typ=po&id=po01.txt

 

 

According to MAK the aircraft was in correct 

technical condition. It was fed by oil of correct quality 
and enough fuel value to perform flight to Smolensk with 
alternatives and formal reserve accounted.  
 

The aircraft was equipped with operational GPS 

systems, as well as Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning 
System, TCAS and FMS.  
 

FMS and EGPWS (TAWS) were operational 

during terrain impact, as confirmed MAK.  
 
 

The only problem is the fact of the technical 

examining should be carried out by Russians a day before 
the air disaster, which can be a base for eventual sabotage 
or assassination. The reason of the Russian engineers 
work was the bird mid-air contact during night 
instrumental flight on the 8/9 of April 2010.  
 

 

 

  

 
 

 To PLF-101 perfectly co-ordinated Polish Air 

Force aircrew was chosen to perform the flight– Maj. 
Arkadiusz Protasiuk (Pilot-In-Command), Lt.-Col. 

background image

 

Robert Grzywna (co-pilot) and 2Lt. Andrzej Michalak 
(air engineer). 
 

To basic crew also a fourth member, Capt. Artur 

Zietek (navigator) was added to improve flight safety in 
VIP flight. Navigators are also added during for example 
long oversea routs.  
 

In addition, three flight attendants Ms. Barbara 

Maciejczyk, Ms. Justyna Moniuszko and Ms. Natalia 
Januszko were serving on the board.   
 

The list of passengers consisted of 89 people: 

1.  Mr. Lech Kaczynski – president of Republic of 

Poland (F1) 

2.  Mrs. Maria Kaczynska – first lady (F1) 

3.  Mr. Ryszard Kaczorowski – the last president of 

Republic of Poland in Exile (F2) 

4.  Mr Slawomir Skrzypek – president of National 

Bank of Poland NBP (probably F2) 

5.  Gen. Franciszek Gagor - Chief of the General 

Staff (F3) 

6.  Gen. Andrzej Blasik – Commander of Polish Air 

Force (F3) 

7.  Adm. Andrzej Karweta – Commander of Polish 

Navy (F3) 

8.  Gen. Wlodzimierz Potasinski – Commander of 

Polish Special Forces (F3) 

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9.  Gen. Tadeusz Buk – Commander of Polish Land 

Forces (F3) 

10. Gen. Bronislaw Kwiatkowski – Operational 

Commander of Polish Armed Forces (F3) 

11. Gen. Kazimierz Gilarski – Commander of 

Warsaw Garrison (F3) 

12. Gen. Stanislaw Nalecz-Komornicki, chancellor of 

Virtuti Militari (highest Polish Military Order) 

chapter (B) 

13. Bp. Gen. Tadeusz Ploski – Catholic Ordinary of 

Polish Armed Forces (F3) 

14. Abp. Gen. Miron Chodakowski – Eastern 

Ordinary of Polish Armed Forces (F3) 

15. Col. Czeslaw Cywinski, president of World 

Union of AK Soldiers (Official partisan army of 

Republic of Poland, under German and Soviet 

occupation during WWII), (B)  

16. Col. Wojciech Lubinski, MD – presidential 

doctor, deputy commander of Military Medicine 

Institute in Warsaw (B) 

17. Rev. Col. Adam Pilch - Evangelic Chaplain of 

Polish Armed Forces (B) 

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18. Rev. Col. Jan Osinski – Military Ordinariate of 

Poland (B) 

19. Lt.-Col. Zbigniew Debski – member of Virtuti 

Militari Order Chapter (B)  

20. Mrs. Grazyna Gesicka, MP (F3) 

21. Mrs. Krystyna Bochenek – deputy speaker of 

Senate, from ruling PO Party. (F2)    

22. Mrs. Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka, MP (B) 

23. Mrs. Aleksandra Natalli-Swiat, MP (B) 

24. Mrs. Jolanta Szymanek-Deresz, MP (B) 

25. Mrs. Janina Fetlinska, Senator (B) 

26. Mrs. Joanna Agacka-Indecka – President of 

National Bar Council (B) 

27. Mrs. Ewa Bakowska (B) 

28. Mrs. Anna Maria Borowska (B) 

29. Mrs. Bozena Mamontowicz-Lojek – president of 

Polish Katyn Foundation (B) 

30. Mrs. Bronislawa Orawiec-Löffler - Katyn 

Families Federation of Podhale (B) 

31. Mrs. Katarzyna Sikorska (B) 

32. Mrs. Teresa Walewska-Przyjalkowska – Golgotha 

of the East Foundation (B) 

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33. Mrs. Anna Walentynowicz – hero of Solidarity 

(Organization of Mr Lech Wałęsa in communistic 

Poland), (B) 

34. Mrs. Gabriela Zych - president of association 

Katyn Family of Kalisz (B)   

35. Mrs. Katarzyna Doraczynska – press officer of 

Mr Lech Kaczynski (B) 

36. Mrs. Barbara Maminska, Director of the 

Personnel and Decorations Office in President’s 

Chancellery (B)   

37. Mrs. Janina Natusiewicz-Mirrer (B) 

38. Mrs. Izabela Tomaszewska – director of protocol 

team of President’s Chancellery (B) 

39. Mr Aleksander Szczyglo – head the of National 

Security Bureau (BBN), former Minister of 

National Defence (F2) 

40. Mr. Krzysztof Putra – deputy Speaker of 

Parliament, member of PiS (conservative party of 

Mrs. Kaczynski) (F2)   

41. Mr. Jerzy Szmajdzinski – deputy Speaker of 

Parliament, member of SLD (socialist fraction), 

(F3)  

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42. Mr Janusz Kochanowski – ombudsman (B) 

43. Mr Janusz Krupski – head of Office for War 

Veterans and Repressed Persons (B) 

44. Mr Janusz Kurtyka – chairman of the National 

Memory Institute (B) 

45. Mr Maciej Plazynski – MP, ex-member and 

founder of ruling PO, head of the association 

“Polish Commonwealth” (F3) 

46. Mr Wladyslaw Stasiak – chief of President’s 

Chancellery (F2)  

47. Mr Pawel

 

Wypych – secretary of state in 

President’s Chancellery (F2) 

48. Mr Stanislaw Komorowski – deputy Minister of 

National Defence (F3) 

49. Mr Andrzej Kremer – deputy Minister of National 

Defence (F3)   

50. Mr Tomasz Merta – deputy Minister of Culture 

and National Heritage (F3) 

51. Mr Mariusz Handzlik – deputy secretary of state 

in President’s Chancellery (F3) 

52. Mr Stanislaw Mikke - deputy president of 

Council for the Protection of Struggle and 

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Martyrdom Sites, lawyer, editor of advocacy 

magazine “Palestra” (B)     

53. Mr Andrzej Przewoznik – secretary of Council 

for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom 

Sites (F3)  

54. Mr Leszek Deptula – MP (B) 

55. Mr Grzegorz Dolniak - MP (B) 

56. Mr Przemyslaw Gosiewski - MP (B) 

57. Mr Sebastian Karpiniuk - MP (B) 

58. Mr Arkadiusz Rybicki - MP (B) 

59. Mr Zbigniew Wassermann - MP (B) 

60. Mr Wieslaw Woda - MP (B) 

61. Mr Edward Wojtas - MP (B) 

62. Mr Stanislaw Zajac – Senator (B) 

63. Mr Bartosz Borowski (B) 

64. Mr Edward Duchnowski, secretary general of 

Siberians Association (Organization of Polish 

people, who had been expelled from Poland by 

Stalin, during the Soviet occupation, and came 

back home) (B) 

65. Rev. Bronislaw Gostomski, rector of Polish 

Parish of Northern London (B) 

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66. Fr. Józef Joniec, piarist (B)  

67. Rev. Zdzislaw Król – ret. Chaplain of Warsaw 

Katyn Family (B) 

68. Rev. Andrzej Kwasnik – Chaplain of Katyn 

Families Federation (B) 

69. Mr Tadeusz Lutoborski (B) 

70. Mr Stefan Melak - president of Katyn Committee 

(B) 

71. Mr Piotr Nurowski – chief of Polish Olympic 

Committee (B) 

72. Mr Andrzej Sariusz-Skapski – president of Katyn 

Families Federation (B) 

73. Mr Wojciech Seweryn - sculpt artist, author of 

Katyn Victims Memorial in Chicago (B) 

74. Mr Leszek Solski - Katyn Family Association (B) 

75. Mr Aleksander Fedorowicz – Russian language 

interpreter (B)  

76. Rev. Roman Indrzejczyk - presidential chaplain 

(B)   

77. Mr Dariusz Jankowski – organizational service 

officer of Mr Lech Kaczynski (B) 

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78. Mr Mariusz Kazana – director of diplomatic 

protocol with Ministry of Foreign Affairs (F3) 

79. Rev. Prof. Ryszard Rumianek - rector of Cardinal 

Wyszynski’s University (B) 

80. Mr Janusz Zakrzenski - actor    (B)  

81. Lt.-Col. Jaroslaw Florczak – close security officer 

82. Capt. Dariusz Michalowski – close security 

officer 

83. Lt. Pawel Janeczek – close security officer 

84. 2Lt. Piotr Nosek – close security officer 

85. WO Artur French – close security officer 

86. WO Jacek Pig – close security office 

87. WO Pawel Krajewski – close security officer 

88. WO Marek Uleryk – close security officer 

89. WO Agnieszka Pogrodka-Weclawek – close 

security officer, classified by Russian authorities 

incorrectly as a flight attendant (B) 

 

 

 

F1 – foremost compartment (situated on the right) 

 

F2 – fore compartment (on the left and back from the 

presidential F1) 
 

F3 – middle compartment (middle part of the aircraft, 

business class standard)   

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B – main passenger part (3+3 standard seat 

configuration) 
 
 

Please notice that on common sense such list of 

passengers is an evidence of indolence and terrible 
organization of the visit in Smolensk.  
 

It is impossible if only NATO rules would be respected, 

for all the head generals to be travelling on the board of one 
airplane.  
 

Such situation happened however due to a decision of 

Polish governmental Minister of National Defense.  
 

http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80708,78343

35,Minister_Klich_podpisal_zgode_na_wyjazd_dowodcow_
_dokumenty_.html

 

 

Minister Bogdan Klich, MD permitted on travel of all the 

generals listed above. 

 

background image

 

 

  

 

 “Agree, especially that I also takeoff”. 

B. Klich,  

[17

th

 of March 2010, 13 days before the air disaster)

background image

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 
Annex to presidential travel plan showing location of 
passengers in the aircraft. Source: TVN-24 

background image

 

 

This list is however also next piece of evidence 

concerning indolence of Polish government during 
organisation of the visit and flight to Smolensk. For example 
bishops and generals are named “Pan”, which means 
“Mister” in Polish.  
  

These documents however are only the tip of the iceberg.  

 

To be able to understand background of the history of the 

flight it is necessary to state that in Poland government and 
president are two independent institutions. Government, 
voted by the Parliament can stay in opposition to the 
president elected in public election. Government of Mr 
Donald Tusk was a political opposition of president Mr Lech 
Kaczynski.  
 

On the 23

rd

 of February 2010 Ministry of Foreign Affair 

of the Republic of Poland sent a request to Chancellery of 
President and stated that wishes the president to be a leader 
of Polish delegation of Poland and appointed date of the visit 
on the 10

th

 of April. Ministry of Foreign Affairs clearly 

stated that the organiser of the visit would be governmental 
agency
 “Council for the Protection of Struggle and 
Martyrdom Sites”.     
 

 

background image

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The request sent by deputy minister of foreign affairs Mr Andrzej 
Kremer (†2010) to Head of Presidential Chancellery Mr Wladyslaw 
Stasiak (†2010), with a copy to Mr Tomasz Merta (†2010), Andrzej 
Przewoznik (†2010), as well as Mr Tomasz Arabski, closest inferior of 
Prime Minister, Mr Donald Tusk. 

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The letter above however is the flashpoint, because 

evidences that Polish government forced date of the visit on 
the president (†2010), as well as the visit had not been 
organised by the president.  
 

Several days before, Russian government was going to 

organise one anniversary ceremony on the 7

th

 of April and 

only Col. Vladimir Putin and Mr. Donald Tusk to be present. 
It had been strictly prohibited for president Kaczynski to go 
Russia.     
 

Please notice that nearly all of the governmental officials, 

taking part in the decision process that days died later in the 
air disaster of PLF-101.  
 

Mr Kaczynski had decided to ask Russian diplomatic 

services to make him able to visit Smolensk on the 7

th

 of 

April and meet Vladimir Putin, as well as pray for Polish 
victims of WWII on the scene of Stalin’s massacre in Katyn.  
 

Russians faced an international scandal. Under given 

conditions happened a situation without a precedence in the 
history – Russian Embassy stated that had not received any 
letter from the president! 

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1342,title,Spor-wokol-listu-
Lecha-Kaczynskiego-do-ambasadora-
Rosji,wid,12003603,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1aee9

 

 

However later, after the request of Polish Ministry of 

Foreign Affairs to divide the anniversary on two, the letter 
by some miracle… became confirmed by the Russians. 
 

However it was not the first note sent by Mr Kaczynski 

and his Chancellery. He had informed that the president 
informed Russian Embassy, Polish Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs and Council for the Protection of Struggle and 
Martyrdom Sites. 

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On the 2

nd

 of March 2010 Mr Bronislaw Komorowski (than 

Speaker of the Parliament, now president) requested Mr 
Kaczynski to share him several seats in the aircraft for the 
MP’s going to go to Katyn (flight to Smolensk).  

background image

 

 

Document described above indicate that there Russian 

and Polish side were going to divide the anniversary and 
performed a game with a target of the flight of Mr Lech 
Kaczynski to Russia without Donald Tusk in Tu-154M with 
all head generals.  
 

 

 

Moreover it was prohibited for officers of the president to 

take part in the organisation of the visit.  
 

On 16

th

 of March Mr Mariusz Handzlik (†2010) 

informed Minister of Foreign Affairs informing that he was 
going to go Moscow in order of organisation of the 
president’s visit. 

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However it was impossible to go Moscow, because Embassy 
of the Republic of Poland in Moscow did not permit Mr 
Handzlik to fly Russia before PLF-101 flight.     

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According to the writing above, Polish ambassador in 

Moscow stated (using more official and beautiful words of 
course) that he would be very busy, due to the visit of prime 
minister on the 7

th

 of April and would not be able to meet 

presidential delegation.   
 

He also refused to organize other meetings of Mr 

Handzlik also due to a visit of the delegation organising a 
visit of the prime minister.  
 
 

Time of the catastrophe, security aspects, rescue operation, 

passenger list and other misunderstandings 

 
 

Security officers had been located in both compartments 

(excluding presidential) and in passenger part. It is only 
confirmed, that Mrs. Agnieszka Pogrodka-Weclawek, close 
security, was sitting in a passenger part.   
 

Head of Governmental Security Bureau (BOR) 

responsible for presidential security did not know what was 
the passengers list of the aircraft.  

http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1342,title,BOR-wizyta-
prezydenta-w-Katyniu-nie-byla-
oficjalna,wid,12220307,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1aed3

 

 

Gen. Marian Janicki, head of BOR was not interested in 

securing of the visit in Smolensk, because according to him 
it was unofficial visit.  
 

There was no BOR officers on the aerodrome during the 

air disaster

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-08-06-oficer-bor-

nie-ma-pewnosci-ze-lotnisko-bylo-bezpieczne.html

 

 

According to Polish TV Polsat News there was also no 

pyrotechnical and radiological examining of the aerodrome 
before the visit, although it is obligatory.  

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According to our, unofficial information there was only 

one BOR officer in Smolensk – Mr Bartlomiej Hebda, as 
well as two additional BOR officers from the Polish 
Embassy. All of them were not present on the aerodrome.  
 

Generals travelling by Tu-154M did not have security, 

although it is commonly known that NATO procedures 
obligate to have at least one security officer for every force 
commander.  
 

Mrs. Zofia Kruszynska-Gust had had lots of luck and 

came late to the airport. Her place was occupied unluckily by 
WO Pogrodka-Weclawek, who previously had not been 
going to fly.     

 
List of passengers is very good indicator of Russian 
effort rate. Official list published by Russian Ministry of 
Emergency is the most sloppily prepared document 
concerning the air disaster.   

Correct surname 

Russian error 

Joanna Agacka-Indecka 

Joanna Agatka-Indecka 

Andrzej Błasik 

Andrew Blasik 

Grzegorz Dolniak 

Gregory Dolniak 

Jarosław Florczak 

Jarosław Lorczak 

Franciszek Gągor 

Francis Gagor 

Stanisław Nałęcz-
Komornicki 

Stanislaw Komornitski 

Stanisław Komorowski 

Stanislaw-Ezi 
Komorowski 

Dariusz Michałowski 

Mikhalowski Dariush 

Andrzej Kwaśnik 

Andrew Kwasnik 

Stefan Melak  

Stefan Melaka 

Aleksandra Natalli-
Świat 

Alexandra Natallia-
Swjat 

Katarzyna Piskorska 

Catherine Piskorska 

Katarzyna Doraczyńska 

Catherine 

background image

 

Dorazcynskaya 

Andrzej Sariusz-
Skąpski 

Andrew Sariusz-Skapski 

Arkadiusz Protasiuk 

Protasyk Arkadiush 

Robert Grzywna 

Gzivna Robert 

Andrzej Michalak 

Mikhaljak Andrzej 

Artur Ziętek 

Zentek Artur 

Barbara Maciejczyk 

Mazejcik Barbara 

Natalia Januszko 

Janushko Natalia 

Justyna Moniuszko 

Monyushko Justina 

Agnieszka Pogródka-
Więcławek 

Podrudka-Venclavek 
Agneszka  

http://www.mchs.gov.ru/emergency/detai
l.php?ID=31715

 

 

However these are not all the errors – for example 

one of the close security officers, had been classified as a 
flight attendant.  
 

All the people on the board died, when aircraft 

suddenly crashed on a sinkrate during approach in poor 
visibility.  
 

Russian Emergency Minister, Mr Sergey Shoigu 

since the 10

th

 to the 28

th

 of April has been affirming, 

that a time of catastrophe had been 10:56 (UTC +4), in 
contrast to current official time of the catastrophe 
(10:41:05,4), received by CVR.  
 

Probably the reason was dissemination of 

rumours, that pilots performed approach several times to 
the time of crash. Mr Shoigu well knew what time of 
catastrophe was truthful, because the first car of his 
ministry came to the place of catastrophe at 10:50-10:51, 
just five minutes after the fire fighters.  

background image

 

 

That is why probably Mr Shoigu to authenticate 

disinformation medial rumours, that pilots tried to land 
many times "delayed" hour of catastrophe, completely as 
Russians did it after Kursk sunk. Please notice that only 
reported by Shoigu time of catastrophe, could make 
pilots able to perform more then one approach.  
 

But Mr Shoigu had to remove his, modified crash 

time, because it appeared, that Polish journalists, 
including Mr Wiktor Bater, reporter of TVN, should had 
knew about the air disaster, before it happened, that is 
why real time was disclosed by MAK. 
 

 Moreover, several seconds before catastrophe 

aircraft had cut on-ground energetic lines, what was 
registered by computer in atomic power plant at 
10:10:39:35; it stays in conflict with official findings. A 
protocol from the Smolensk Power Station evidences 
clearly, that a time stated by Mr Shoigu was not truth.   
 

 

 

The commission in manning:  

 
Director of branch of the Joint Stock Company "MRSK 
Centrum" - "Smolenskenergo" - Fiodorov N. V. 
Head engineer - Kireyenkho N. P. 
Manager SPK i OT - Mordykhin V. V. 
Head engineer PO ZES - Kravtsova Yu. A. 
Head of Energetics, Energetic Efficiency and Tariff 
Policy Department of Smolensk Oblast Administration - 
Rybalkho O. A. 
Head of Department of the Central Board of 
Rostekhnadzor in Smolensk Oblast  
- Khulmanov I. V. 
 

background image

 

Stated: 
10.04.2010 r. at 10: 39: 35 on DP CUS (dispatcher 
station of System Managing Centre) received a signal 
TM o concerning disconnecting of the high voltage line 
602 from energetic station "The North", about what 
informed DODG of Smolensk Oblast Power Station 
[Please notice that this is an atomic power station - 
authors], at. 10: 41: 11 high voltage line 602 had been 
turned on again 602. 
(…) – 
[a technical activities table in this place] 
At 12.20 arrived an information that in region of airfield 
“North”, an aircraft of Republic of Poland crashed, and 
because in the region near the airfield is situated our 
high voltage line at 12:35 in order of inspection and 
explain cases, the OVB brigade had been sent after 
arriving to the place at  14.00 on the command of 
dispatcher was turned on R-294 and at 14.05 brigade 
OWB under the regulation started inspection of the line. 
As a result of inspection found, that the cables of the high 
voltage had been broken in a space of poles 2/3 and 2/4 
of the energetic line, and in a distance of about ten 
meters from the pole 2/4 were found a remains of the 
aircraft.  
 
At 15:00 a commission arrive on the place of line 
damage and found:  
- On the space of high voltage line 602 poles 2/3 and 2/4 
had been broken cables type SIP-3, 
- In the distance of 10 meters from the pole 2/4 occur 
remains of the aircraft. 
 
1. Short description of the inspection: 

background image

 

Section of the high voltage line 6 kV in the space between 
poles of electro energetic line nr 2 – 2/7 of high voltage 
line-602 from the electro energetic station “North” is on 
the balance shit of individual entrepreneur, Yakubenkov 
I. P. The year of introducing into service of the high 
voltage line 6 kV – 21.07.2008. Agreement of 
technological connection N

o

. 61/1 – 29 of 06.02.2008., 

protocol of demarcation with balance belonging to the 
network N

o

 61/1-29 of 06.02.2008., protocol of 

demarcation of exploitation responsibility N

61/1-29 of 

06.02.2008  
 
Connection points (cables) of the airfield "North" receive 
power from: 

  high voltage line 602 of the electro energetic 

station "North" TP-329 "Rostelekom - Airfield 
"North"; 

  high voltage line 606 of the electro energetic 

station "Kholodnia" TP-628 "VCh (military unit) 
06755"; 

  high voltage line 613 of the electro energetic 

station "West" TP -272 "VCh 06755 far cable"; 

  high voltage line 613 of the electro energetic 

station "West" TP-285 "VCh 06755 0.4 kW". 
 

 
During the visual inspection of the segment of the high 
voltage line 6 kV in the space between the poles of the 
electro energetic line Nr 2 – 2/7 found: 
As a result of the crash of the aircraft close of the high 
voltage line 602 had been cut tops of trees and in a 
distance of about, 10 meters from the pole 2/4 lay a part 

background image

 

of the aircraft wing. Under the influence of the external 
force, had been broken a cable of the high voltage line 
602 in the space between poles 2/3 and 2/4 
  
CONCLUSION: 
Probably, due to the crash of an aircraft, occurred to 
braking cables of the high voltage line 602 on the space 
between poles of electro energetic line 2/4 – 2/4 from the 
electro energetic station “North”.   
 

 
Fiodorov N.V. /-/  
Kireyenkho N.P. /-/  
Mordykhin W.W. /-/  
Kravtsova Yu.A. /-/  
Rybalkho O.A. /-/  
Khulmanov I.W. /-/ “ 

 
 

 

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Report of Smolensk powerplant quoted above. 1

st

 page with table. 

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Report of Smolensk Powerplant, page 2

nd

, with 

signatures.  

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According to official preliminary report of the 

Interstate Aviation Committee (MAK) in Moscow, 
published on the 19

th

 of May 2010, by Mrs. Gen. Tatiana 

Anodina and Mr Aleksey Morozov in a company of Col. 
Edmund Klich, a self-styled Polish representative: 
“14 minutes after the plane crash, a place of tragedy was 
surrounded by a cordon of 180 people”.  
 

This is unbelievable, because a group of 

energetics should had 3 hours to get the place in order to 
repair cables, according to the report above. Therefore it 
is impossible to collect much bigger group of 180 people 
in 
 

Please notice, that it was a Saturday; first power 

plant workers came there at  hours after the incident, 
although a high voltage line was broken and did not 
transmit energy, inter alia to the airfield! So how was it 
possible to organize a transport for 180 people to situated 
about 20-30 minutes way from the downtown of the city 
airfield? It clearly indicates that Russian security services 
had known about the catastrophe much earlier, then it 
happened.      
 

 In order to complete a part concerning the time of 

the disaster (easily modified in order to adapt it to the 
current version), an auto-test of CVR recorder could 
happen, that is why more probable, then end of recording 
(10:41:05,4) is 10:41:04,6, but according to his wife a 
watch of Gen. Andrzej Blasik, commander of Polish Air 
Force stopped at 10:38. That is why the most probable 
time of catastrophe, so alien for commission of MAK 
(Russian Interstate Aviation Committee in Moscow), 
could be 10:38-10:39. .        

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http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?typ=po&d

at=20100724&id=po01.txt

 

 

The Pilot-In-Command of PLF-101 flight had 

landed at Smolensk Air Base many times for last 12 
years. Last time on the 7

th

 of April, just three days before 

the time of catastrophe.  
 

As the alternative airfields, Vitebsk and Minsk on 

Belarus had been chosen.  
 

In contrast to previous Russian statements, 

including interview of Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin from the 
11

th

 of April (day after catastrophe), pilot in command 

was speaking Russian fluently. All the crewmembers 
spoke instead of Polish both Russian and English 
languages, all had been flaying to Russia before.  
 
 

Weather conditions: 

 

1.  Temperature: 35,6

o

F (according to MAK 34-

36

o

F) 

2.  Dew point probably 33,8

o

3.  Pressure 993 HPa QFE  
4.  Visibility 200m (according to Smolensk ATC 

400m, according to MAK 300-500m) 

5.  Wind 6,7 mph, 120

o

 (according to MAK 4,5 mph, 

110-120

o

)  

6.  Clouds base above 50m 
7.  Rain/Snow 0mm 
8.  Heavy fog 

 
 
 

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Short history of the flight 

 
 

The PLF-101 took off Frederic Chopin 

International (WAW, EPWA) directly to Smolensk Air 
Base (XUBS); the flight had been carried out on the 
flight level of 350.000 feet with cruise speed of 800km/h, 
lower then maximal cruise speed on 100km/h.  
 

According to Polish authorities PLF-101 entered 

Belarusian, air zone, at 7:45 UTC +2, according to CVR 
transcripts at 10:06:31,6 UTC +4, passed first Belarusian 
Area Control sector and contacted Minsk Air Traffic 
Control at another frequency.  
 

Radio communication had been carried out by the 

navigator in English language.  
 

At 10:09:40, PLF-101 started descending. At 

10:14:06 from Belarusian Air Traffic Control PLF-101 
received information about poor visibility at Smolensk 
(XUBS) – 400 meters.  
 

At 10:22:19, PLF-101 at flight level of 12.795 

feet entered Russian air zone, and contacted Russian 
Area Control in Moscow. Airplane continued descending 
to level 10.825 feet.  
 

At 10:23:29 PLF-101 had contacted “Khorsaj” 

(Rus. Corsair) Smolensk Air Base Air Traffic Control, at 
distance of about 30 miles from the airfield. Farther radio 
communication was carried out by Pilot-In-Command in 
Russian language. 
 

At 10:24:16, PLF-101 was contacted by a co-pilot 

of Polish Air Force PLF-044 flight, which had landed 
Smolensk about 9 o’clock. 
 

Pilot-In-Command of PLF-044 and Smolensk 

ATC on two other frequencies had been informed about 

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extremely difficult weather conditions – low clouds base, 
heavy fog and visibility below 400meters, but in contrast 
to procedures ATC had not closed airport. Moreover PIC 
of PLF-044 jet, suggested PLF-101 co-pilot to make two 
approaches to airfield before flying to an alternative 
airport (he suggested Moscow).  
 

At 10:27:58, unidentified aircraft informed 

Smolensk ATC, that he had “ended the drop” and 
reported descending to east. ATC did not repeat on two 
communicates of the aircraft.  
 

 PLF-101 had been permanently descending with 

course on outer Smolensk NDB marker, and then 
changed direction, entering the pattern. Runway direction 
was opposite to enroute direction. During performing a 
downwind PLF-101, took fl of 1640 feet – an altitude of 
starting approach. After making two turnings and taking 
runway centreline, crew got a distance of starting 
approach (10,1 km from the runway threshold) at 
10:39:08. 
 

At 10:37:01, PLF-044 informed PLF-101, about 

quick decreasing of visibility to 200m. PIC received this 
communication.  
 

It was not precision approach, because an airfield 

did not have Instrument Landing System, only Precision 
Approach Radar RSP-6, as well as two Non-Directional 
Beacons marking distance 6,1 and 1,1 km from the 
threshold.  
 

Approach was carried out using autopilot in all 

the channels, turned off about 5s before hitting trees on 
the ground, after a deep sink rate.   
 

At 10:39 during a check-list crew started 

approach (using barometric altimeter) in a distance of 10-

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8km. Speed was increasing, during this time aircraft was 
flaying over the glide slope – firstly 330 feet above, then 
less then 300 feet. Smolensk ATC, although should had 
known it, did not inform flight PLF-101, about incorrect 
descending and probably missing a start of glide slope. 
Controller was telling with compartments of about 15 
seconds, that aircraft is “on course and glide slope”, 
which deepened risk of missing approach, overshot or 
catastrophe.   
 

At 10:39:50, PLF-101 passed outer NDB marker.  

 

At 10:40:06, the Enhanced Ground Proximity 

Warning System (Universal Avionics TAWS) warned 
“Terrain Ahead!”. 
 

At 10:40:42 first time, EGPWS (TAWS) warned 

“Pull up! Pull up!”  
 

At distance of about 1,8km from the threshold, 

aircraft suddenly entered a sink rate. At altitude of 262 
feet crew tried to cease approach and go around in 
automatic mode. It was failed.  

 

 

Descending speed increased after pressing “go 

around” button on ABSU autopilot, and probably picking 
flaps one stage up. Highest descending speed reached 
4000 feet/min, in contrast to normal approach speed of 
normal approach vertical speed 690 feet/min for this type 
of aircraft. 
 

At 10:40:52, 10 seconds after beginning of sink 

rate controller requested to cease descending.   
 

At 10:40:56, at the time of passing inner NDB 

marker Pilot-In-Command tried to carry out going around 
by hand.  
 

At 10:40:59, aircraft contacted trees, crashed and 

destroyed.  

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CVR recording, according to official version 

ended at 10:41:05,4.  
 

As states currently promoted version, captain tried 

to “dive” (please notice, that he had to dive via autopilot) 
below clouds base to see ground and land. Why did he 
descent below level of runway (situated a top of low hill) 
- there is still no answer.  
 

Please however notice, that the max. descending 

speed for this aircraft (on fl 330 feet – decision level and 
start of sink rate) to make any chance to land or go 
around is 1560 ft/min. Pilot-In-Command descending 
4000 ft/min would now that he will die… It is not 
possible because it could not be a pilot error, but self-
killing.  
 

  So pilot’s self-killing is current official version, 

although nobody said, that it was (only, that he “dived” is 
stated). 

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3.2. Crew information 

 
 

Pilot-In-Command 

 

 

 

Pilot-In-Command (captain) is a primary function 

in every aircraft. According to the International Civil 
Aviation Organization PIC is “The pilot responsible for 
the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight 
time
“. So in contrast to many Russian and Polish 
opinions that somebody forced landing. Pilot-In-
Command is fully independent, because he is responsible 
for the flight safety. Poland as a member of NATO, UE, 
and Eurocontrol has to obligatory respects these rules.  
 

 

 

PIC, Major Arkadiusz Protasiuk had been a Tu-

154M crewmember for 13 years, but his flying 
experience is much longer – it concerns flying hours in 
Air Force Academy (TS-11 lead-in-fighter trainer, An-2 
and PZL M-28 light transport aircraft, as well as PZL-
130 turbo-propelled combat trainer). Before that time, he 
had also a flying an experience including piston aircraft, 
gliders and parachute jumping course in the Aviation 
High School.  
 

 

 

PIC was a I class pilot as well as III class test 

pilot, qualified as an instructor and captain of Tupolev 
Tu-154M, captain of Embraer E-175 and Yakovlev Yak-
40, as well as a navigator of Tu-154M. He was allowed 
to make IFR procedure (IMC) flights day and night. 
 

The last periodical test and enhanced flight 

simulator training he passed in 2010 in Switzerland. The 

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training concerned also crisis situations and cooperation 
in a crew.  
 

He was employed by the first squadron of the 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment in Warsaw. Instead of a 
PIC, he performed professionally also other functions in 
the unit - at the time of the air disaster he was a section 
officer of the squadron. 
 

PIC made at least 8 flights to Smolensk Air Base 

(XUBS), last time on the 7

th

 of April 2010- three days 

before the air disaster.  
   

He was an absolvent of: 

1.  Military Technical Academy in Warsaw 

(cybernetics faculty).  

2.  Warsaw University (journalism and politics 

faculty),  

3.  Air Force Academy in Deblin (aviation and 

cosmonautics faculty), 

 

He had a proficiency in English and Russian. 

(only languages involved in radio communication listed 
in the section).  
 

He had a wife and two children.   

 

It was only lacking of 2 years of flying to be 

retired for him.  
  
 

Co-pilot 

 

Co-pilot (first officer) is a second-in-command of 

the aircraft, to the captain who is the legal commander. In 
the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer 
will assume command of the aircraft 

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Co-pilot Lt.-Col. Robert Grzywna had been 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment pilot for 13 years, 
completely like PIC. His flaying experience however is 
also much longer. He together with PIC graduated Air 
Force Academy and had passed Aviation High school, on 
the same faculties. He had been training in common with 
PIC, Maj. Protasiuk for 21 years. That is why the pilots 
were perfectly harmonious.  

 
Co-pilot was a I class pilot, qualified as a captain 

of Yakovlev Yak-40 jet, as well as a co-pilot of Embraer 
E-175 and Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft.  

He had also navigator’s qualification on Tu-154M 

aircraft.  

He was allowed to perform IFR procedure (IMC) 

flights on a day and night.  

The last periodical test on a flight simulator he 

passed in Switzerland in 2010, jointly with the Pilot-In-
Command 

He was employed by the first squadron of the 36

th

 

Special Aviation Regiment in Warsaw. Instead of pilot, 
he did not perform professionally, any other functions in 
the unit. However, he was making flights as a PIC in 
Yak-40 aircraft.  

He was an absolvent of Air Force Academy in 

Deblin (aviation and cosmonautics facility) and Academy 
of National Defense in Warsaw (military studies).  

He had a proficiency in English and Russian.  
He had a wife and a daughter.    
 

 

Air engineer 

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Air engineer (flight engineer) is an aircrew 

member concerned with the control and monitoring of all 
aircraft systems, and is required to diagnose and where 
possible rectify or eliminate any faults that may arise. 

AE, 1Lt. Andrzej Michalak, his basic training 

graduated in 1993 in Technical High School in Rawa 
Mazowiecka, Poland, and then started a secondary 
training in the Collage of Technical Warrant Officers of 
Aviation in Olesnica. He also graduated business 
administration studies in the Trade and International 
Finances Collage in Warsaw in 2000. 

He had been employed as an aircrew member by 

the 1

st

 squadron of the 36

th

 Special Air Transport 

Regiment in Warsaw since 2008. Before this time, he had 
been an engineer in a ground service of Tu-154M in the 
36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment in Warsaw.  

He had been trained as an air engineer, but for last 

two years he did not complete any flight simulator 
exercises, including periodical tests- have been replaced 
by permanent exercise program including supervisor 
hours in air, with instructor and on ground-training in Tu-
154M cockpit, due to the Russian prohibition (since 
2007) of using simulator in Moscow, the only making 
possible FE training. Polish government than did not 
protest, because they stated that the Russian simulators 
were “old-fashioned”. There was however also a 
possibility to use simulators in Ukraine. 

The AE had been qualified as an air engineer of 

Tupolev-154M and Yakovlev Yak-40, as well as a 
technical service engineer of Tu-154M 

He had a proficiency in English and Russian.  

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He had a wife and a son.  
 
 

Navigator 

 

Navigator (second officer) in Tu-154M is only an 

optional crewmember. In the late 60

th

 the first series of 

Tu-154 aircraft had been flying without a navigator, so in 
3-people crew. However, Aeroflot was obligated by 
Soviet Union law to designate a navigator to every flight.  

Now a day navigators are not still trained in 

Russia for civil aviation, because of the plans to retire all 
the Soviet constructions.  

The 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment bases 

flight operations on the instruction concerning basic crew 
composition, so without a navigator. However during 
long range, or oversea flights as well as HEAD status 
(with a very important person on the board) a navigator is 
also added to aircrew to relieve pilots in air navigation 
aspects – during the flight he is contacting to Air Traffic 
Control, operating a navigation computer of Flight 
Managing System Universal Avionics UNS-1D, setting 
navigation devices (for example GPS devices or beacons 
direction finders) as well as he is reading aloud check-
lists and data from approach charts (or Jepessen charts). 
Nevertheless, not operational manual, which is possessed 
by an air engineer. 

The navigator, Capt. Artur Zietek had been a 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment pilot and a navigator for 
3 years, so he started his service in aircrew at the same 
moment, as the air engineer. His flaying experience 
however is also much longer, because it concerns Air 

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Force Academy, Aviation High School training and 
flying hours as a pilot in other units.  

He was a II class pilot, qualified as a pilot-in-

command of PZL M-28 Skytrack turbo-propelled 
aircraft, co-pilot of Yakovlev Yak-40 jet, as well as a 
navigator on Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft.  

He performed a number of trainings and 

periodical tests on a flight simulator, however as a Tu-
154M crewmember any flight simulator training he did 
not perform.  

The navigator was employed by the first squadron 

of the 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment in Warsaw as 

a pilot. Instead of a crewmember, he did not perform 
professionally, any other functions in unit.   

He had a proficiency in English and Russian. 
He had a wife and two children.    

 
 

Flying experience of the crewmembers 

 
 

 Polish pilots have rather good opinion in the 

world, due to successful share of 4 Polish squadrons 
during a Battle of Britain. Polish pilots were only 5% of 
Royal Air Force power, but they downed 12% of shoted 
Luftwaffe aircraft, so they had more than twice better 
combat efficiency, than the British pilots reached. 
Moreover, 50% of Polish pilots served in bomber 
squadrons, what means that combat statistics of Poles 
were much better, than seem to be.  
 

There are probably no airlines that, like the 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment, accepts pilots after 7 
years training and give them PIC qualification after 

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dozen of years of flying as a co-pilot of presidential 
aircraft. 
 

Both PLF-101 pilots graduated aviation studies 

and started their service in the unit the same year. They 
both begun collecting their experience flying on 20-seat 
jet, Yakovlev-40. They however also started training and 
flights on Tu-154M, also as crewmembers. Very quickly 
they graduated Yak-40 captain training and both became 
performing flights as Yak-40 PIC, as well as on the board 
of Tu-154M.  
 

During that time they made many flights together 

in a crew of Yak-40. For 10 years they have been 
regularly passing flight simulator training on Yak-40 and 
Tu-154M, mostly together.  
 

However most of the flights of co-pilot were 

performed as a PIC of Yak-40 jet aircraft. During the 
service Lt.-Col. Robert Grzywna was flying inter alia 
with presidents and prime ministers receiving higher 
military rank, than PLF-101 PIC. Maj. Protasiuk on the 
other hand, was flying most as a crewmember of much 
heavier presidential jets Tu-154M, collecting airborne 
hours faster.  
 

During 13 years of service with co-pilot and 

navigator qualification he became a captain of the Tu-
154M. Before that moment he passed - according to the 
documents received by us - several dozen of flight 
simulator enhanced trainings concerning Yak-40 and Tu-
154M, however for a long time he was only passing 
training for new aircrafts, unit was going to receive.  
 

He was also performing flights as Yak-40 PIC 

and co-pilot, however not often. He graduated two 

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collages, including Military Technical Academy, as well 
as was performing some functions in the unit. 
 

Last full training program (three years, after 

reaching Tu-154 PIC qualification) he graduated in a 
form of enhanced flight simulator training in 2010. It was 
concerning western Embraer E-170 jests, receiving 
primary PIC qualification of the Embraer. In the training 
program Lt.-Col. Grzywna took part as a co-pilot.  
 

Among the basic targets of the training was co-

ordination and co-operation in the crew aspect. During 
the training pilots also received high number of tasks 
making them familiar with TAWS.    
 

PIC received also instructor powers on Tu-154M 

and passed research pilots training, reaching III class test 
pilot qualification. 
 

Crew of the PLF-101 flight had been formed in 

2008 in basic composition with Major Protasiuk as a PIC, 
Lt.-Col. Grzywna as a co-pilot and Lt. Michalak as an air 
engineer. All of the basic crewmembers had additional 
college studies graduated. During the flights on Yak-40 
crew compositions many times was changed, because 
both pilots were able to perform function of PIC, but Lt.-
Col. Grzywna had higher rank and was more experienced 
on Yak-40.  

The crew of PLF-101, according to Gen. Anatol 

Czaban, Polish Air Force Training Department Head, 
made following number common flights in 2009 and 
2010 (excl. 2008): 

A.  Pilot-In-Command with the Co-pilot 39 

flights  

B.  Pilot-In-Command with the Air Engineer 

81 flights 

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C.  All the crew in common 21 flights 

 
Flights involve over 170 operations of the PIC and Air 
Engineer, over 100 operations of the pilots together and 
around 50 operations of the full crew together, excluding 
2008 and years before.  
 

     

Flying experience table  

  

Flight 
Function 

Aged  Total 

flying 
hours 

Hours on 
the type 

Start of 
the 
service 
in 36SATR 

Pilot-In-

Command 

36 

3528 

2937 

1997 

Co-pilot 

36 

1939 

506 

1997 

Air 

engineer 

37 

330 

290 

1998 

Navigator 

32 

1070 

60 

2007 

 
A table above shows a number of hours flown by the 
crewmembers.  
Please notice that, due to low frequency of presidential 
flights, number of hours indicate much longer pilot’s 
career, than it would be in civil aviation. Other words to 
collect 3500 hours of airborne experience, PIC had to 
work about 2 times longer, than airlines captain. It means 
that passed twice more periodical tests and trainings than 
experience would indicate. Gaps between flights made 
pilots able to graduate high numbers of studies and 
trainings impossible to realised in airlines.   
Moreover the hours listed above include difficult 
landings never operated in commercial companies, for 
example regular training tasks with engines, wing 

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mechanization or some avionics turned off. In airlines 
such activities are only carried out twice a year on a 
flight simulator. Here were also being carried out 
regularly, airborne in real airplane. Such training is much 
more efficient, than common flight simulator trainings, 
because not performed virtually.   
Due to 13 years of experience in crisis situation and crew 
co-operation regular airborne trainings in the aircraft, 
crewmembers were much more familiar with the aircraft 
(the exemplar), than normally in airlines. It also means 
that their experience was much more worthy, than an 
equivalent in airlines. 
Please also notice that flight simulators of Tu-154M are 
never comparable with western avionics of presidential 
aircraft. That is why regular airborne training were very 
worthy experience.  
There are also instructor and research pilots trainings 
included in the experience of the PIC, also much more 
worthy, than normal flying hours. However some farther 
experience reached airborne as an instructor and a 
supervisor is not included in the flying experience table.  
One fact also evidences incorrectness of civil model of  
experience calculating in this situation. Their flights were 
also much more diversified, because concerned travels 
with a president, as well with as full load of cargo. It 
concerned long oversea missions (for example Australia, 
South Africa, USA, Canada), as well as short domestic 
hauls. Due to high number of domestic flights (for 
example on a distance of 200km) experience indicates 
much higher number of landings, than normally concerns 
Tu-154M or Boeing B-737 pilot in airline aviation.  

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Crews of the 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment 

perform flights to most modern and best equipped 
airfields in the world, like New York JFK, London 
Heathrow, Dubai, Beijing, as well as to poor equipped 
airports and conflicts regions of Afghanistan, Iraq, 
Georgia and to many non-NATO states for example Iran, 
Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Israel.  
Also in the same composition the aircrew (including the 
same navigator) carried out a mission to Haiti in January 
2010, where delivered humanitarian and medical aid and 
Polish rescuers with high technology searching 
equipment and rescue dogs, after the earthquake on Haiti. 
 

The mission concerned 6 landings and long 

oversea route. Due to limited time that a human is able to 
stay alive under the rubble, that flight was also a real 
fight against the time. 
 

Moreover, according to Gen. Czaban the situation 

on the airport in Port-Au-Prince was extremely difficult. 
American troops that took control on the airfield were not 
able to maintain any order. Extremely high number of 
military and humanitarian aid flight completely surpassed 
maximal efficiency of the airport. Furthermore, 
thousands of people stormed airfield searching an aid or 
wanting to leave their country, just like on the war.     
 

During another mission to Haiti the Tu-154M 

piloted by Capt. Grzegorz Pietruczuk, who was not a 
crewmember of the PLF-101 flight to Smolensk, had a 
serious deficiency at the airport in Puerto Rico, USA, 
which concerned several elements of the steering system 
including inter alia (according to Polish Air Force, 36

th

 

Special Air Transport Regiment and Gen. Czaban) 
steering block, rudder and flaps steering devices and one 

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of the autopilot’s channels. The Polish rescuers for many 
hours were not able to come back home, but also (trapped 
by situation on the airfield) could not help anybody. They 
could only counterproductive lie on the grass, near the 
runway.  
 

An air engineer had to on his own, and by himself 

fix the problems (for example some autopilot functions 
he had to turn off), consulting with Warsaw only by a 
satellite phone, because Americans had not had any spare 
parts and knowledge how to make a reparation in 
Tupolev aircraft. Nobody in Polish Air Force (although it 
is carried on all over the world) did not think about 
sending in such mission any technical personnel with the 
aircraft.  
 

Moreover, now Gen. Czaban does not know what 

exactly happened in Haiti and what did the air engineer 
do. Probably nobody in Polish Air Force knows because 
their statements are self-conflicting. Coincidentally the 
service book of the Tu-154M somehow appeared on the 
board of flight PLF-101 and probably was damaged 
during the air disaster.            
 

Please notice that it seems to be every of these 

faults were able to cause an air disaster if only happened 
airborne. After coming back Warsaw, the faults had been 
professionally repaired by Russian warranty team of 
Aviakor Joint Stock Company of Samara, Russia.       
 

All the PLF-101 crewmembers were speaking 

Russian and English language fluently.  
 

Pilot-In-Command performed as a captain of 

Tupolev-154M, according to Polish Air Force 27 flights 
to Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Co-pilot in a period of 
2008-2010 performed 10 flights to Russia and Ukraine.  

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3.3 Air Traffic Control  

 

 

Smolensk Air Base (military unit 06755) 

personnel had been reduced to about 50 people after 
liquidation of the regiment, quartering there.  
 

Commander of the airfield – Col. Anatolyi 

Muraviov had under his command only two air traffic 
controllers – supervisor and controller (aerodrome 
military dispatcher)  – Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin and 
approach controller (aerodrome military navigator) Capt. 
Victor Ryjenkho. 

http://www.tvn24.pl/-

1,1674784,0,1,rosyjscy-kontrolerzy-cywilni-czy-
wojskowi,wiadomosc.html

 

 

 

Smolensk “Corsair” ATC competitions schema.  

However on the 10

th

 of April not Muraviov was 

commander of the airfield. It is unknown why, but 
another officer, Col. Nikolay Krasnokutskiy arrived to 
the airfield that day from Tver. He took command on the 
tower. He was ordering all the activities of the ATC. It is 
still kept in secret who was exactly him.  

Moscow (Logics) 

Krasnokutskiy  

Plusnin   

Ryjenkho 

PLF-101 

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Krasnokutskiy however cased unprecedented 

situation – he was not taking decision on his own, but 
calling higher decision command “Logics” (Logikha) in 
Moscow. What was his consultations like? It is also 
unknown.   
 

There are however some piece of fact concerning 

the situation on the tower.  
 

Air Traffic Control was working using very 

specific approach system – called PAR (precision 
approach radar) type RSP-6, modernized to RSP-6/M2 
variant.  
 

This system indicates to ATC position of the 

aircraft on the glideslope. Pilot, who does not see 
indications of the Instrument Landing System that 
Smolensk was not equipped with, can follow ATC 
communicates. Controller can for example say: “You’re 
10 m on the left, but on the glideslope”, “You’re 10m 
above the glideslope, but on course”, “You’re on the 
right 30 and 10 below”. Statements of the ATC refer to 
the glidepath, the only correct to be able to touchdown 
not out of the runway. If the descent rate is incorrect as 
much, as it would be too dangerous to continue the 
approach, controller can request the crew to cease 
descending. If there is a possibility of an air accident he 
must say “go around!” immediately. However when the 
aircraft is strictly on correct course and glideslope ATC 
reports “On course, on glideslope”. 
     
PLF-101 communication (in Russian) 

Time 
(GMT) 

Smolensk Air Traffic 
Control  

PLF-101 Pilot-In-
Command 

6:23:29,9   

Corsair-Start, Polish 
101, good day! 

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6:23:33,7  Corsair replied. 

 

6:23:39,6   

On outer leading we’re 
descending 3600 
meters. 

6:23:47,3  Polish Foxtrot 1-0-

1, fuel balance, how 
much fuel you’ve 
got? 

 

6:23:55,0   

11 tones left. 

6:23:59,7  And what are your 

alternatives? 

 

6:24:03,8   

Vitebsk, Minsk 

6:24:08,3  Vitebsk, Minsk, 

correctly? 

 

6:24:10,7   

You correctly 
understood. 

6:24:22,3  PLF 1-2--0-1, on 

Corsair fog, 
visibility 400 
meters. 

 

6:24:33,1   

I understood, please 
give me meteo 
conditions. 

6:24:40,0  At Corsair fog, 

visibility 400 
meters, four-zero-
zero meters. 

 

6:24:49,2   

Temperature and 
pressure, please. 

6:24:51,2  Temperature plus 2. 

Pressure 745, 7-4-5, 
there are no 
conditions for 
landing. 

 

6:25:01,1   

Thank you, but if it 
is possible we will 
try one approach, but 
when there will not be 

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weather, we will go 
around. 

6:25:12,3  1-0-1, after 

approach attempt 
will you have enough 
fuel for 
alternative? 

 

6:25:19,1   

Enough. 

6:25:19,6  Received. 

 

6:25:22,9   

Permission for farther 
descent, please. 

6:25:25,3  1-0-1, with course 

40 degrees, 
descending 1500. 

 

6:25:32,0   

1500 with course 40 
degrees. 

6:30:10,2   

Corsair, Polish 101, 
we keep 1500. 

6:30:14,2  Aaa... Polish 1-0-1 

according to the 
pressure 7-4-5, 
descending 500. 

 

6:30:21,9   

According to the 
pressure 7-4-5, 
descending 500 meters, 
Polish 101. 

6:30:36,4  Polish 101, course 

79. 

 

6:30:31,1   

Course 79, Polish 101. 

6:31:57,8  PLF 1-0-1, here’s 

Corsair. 

 

6:32:01,4   

We reply! 

6:32:02,7  Have you taken 500 

meters? 

 

6:32:05,8   

At the moment not, 
1000, we are 
descending. 

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6:32:08,0  Received. 

 

6:33:40,1  PLF 1-0-1, altitude 

500? 

 

6:33:45,4   

We are taking 500 
meters. 

6:33:47,2  Received. 

 

6:34:50,8  PLF 1-0-1, taken 

500? 

 

6:34:54,3   

We have taken 500 
meters.  

6:34:56,2  500 meters, on a 

military aerodrome 
have you madden 
landing? 

 

6:35:02,9   

Yes, of course. 

6:35:04,6  Reflectors from 

left, from right, on 
the end of the 
runway. 

 

6:35:11,3   

Received. 

6:35:14,4  l-0-l, make the 

third, radial 19. 

 

6:35:19,9   

We are making the 
third, Polish 101. 

6:35:22,6  Polish 101, and from 

100 meters be ready 
to go around. 

 

6:35:29,5   

Yes, sir! 

6:37:23,1   

And we are making the 
fourth, Polish 101. 

6:37:26,2  101, make the 

fourth. 

 

6:39:08,7  101

st

, distance 10. 

Entering the 
glideslope. 

 

6:39:30,1  8 on course, on 

glideslope. 

 

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6:39:33,6   

Flaps, gear extended, 
Polish 101. 

6:39:37,3  The runway’s free. 

Landing 
conditionally 120-3 
meters. 

 

6:39:49,9  You’re taking outer, 

on course, on 
glideslope distance 
6. 

 

6:40:13,5  4 on course, on 

glideslope. 

 

6:40:16,7   

On course, on 
glideslope. 

6:40:26,6  3 on course, on 

glideslope. 

 

6:40:31,2  Set on the 

reflectors! 

 

6:40:34,0   

Set on. 

6:40:38,7  2 on course, on 

glideslope. 

 

6:40:52,4  Horizon, 101! 

 

6:40:54,7  Altitude control, 

horizon! 

 

6:41:02,0  Go around! 

 

Source: Cockpit Voice Recorder transcripts. Prepared by 
the authors. 

 
A table concerning reconstruction of ATC 

recording is placed on. However it is only a 
reconstruction, carried out according to CVR transcripts 
of the PFL-101 black box. All the CVR statements of 
crew to the ATC and ATC to the crew had been included 
above. The time copied from the CVR transcripts (the 
time of statement is beginning according to MAK).   

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ATC recording is still secret. It would also 

concern many other fragments, not only a radio 
communication with PLF-101, but also a recordings, 
older than 10:23:29,9, (Russian time) involving 
correspondence with PLF-044 and with Russian Air 
Force Ilyushin Il-76M, which after two missed 
approaches decided to fly to an alternative airport around 
10:20. Moreover, telephone conversations.  

 

    

There is no much information concerning ATC, 

instead of Lt.-Col. Plusnin’s interview for Russian web 
TV, from the 13

th

 of April, so three days after the 

catastrophe (air disaster happened on Saturday, Mr 
Plusnin interviewed on Monday). Originally in Russian 
language.   
Presswoman: What was your conversation with the 
crew like? 
Lt.-Col. Plusnin: -I was proposing them to land at an 
alternative airport. They didn’t agree.  
Did you proposed them? 
-Yes. 
 What was the reason? 
-I saw that weather deteriorates.  
What answer did you receive? 
-The answer was: It’ll be enough fuel, an approach and 
I’ll direct to another airfield, if it fails.   
Apparently, there were proposals of landing in other 
towns? 
-So I proposed. 
Why did he refuse? 

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-Him should you ask!  

Why did they take so risky 
decision? They argued or 
maybe they were so stubborn 
that you didn’t manage to 
convince them? 
-It was a decision of the 
commander of the crew.  
And what happened farther? 
He told you that he will do one 
circle more and will fly to the 
alternative airport? 
-He said that if he won’t land 
he’ll fly to the alternative 
airport. 
And what did you do? 
-As I told you I cant’s say more.  
And what farther? Did you lost communication? 
-No, why? The communication was long later. 
What did they say? 
-They were talking about my commends. Initially they 
were informing, later stopped.  
They ceased to listen to your commends? 
-They should give confirmation, they didn’t.  
What kind of confirmation? 
-On the level on with a trying of landing. 
You did not receive such information? 
-No.  
Was it involved with a danger? 
-With a staff you carry out a radio exchange, here it 
wasn’t.  
But why they did not confirm? 

Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin 

(photo: TVN-24) 

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-How I’d know that? Because they Russian spoke poorly.  
There was nobody on the board, who could speak 
Russian? 

-Were, but number for them is a “black magic”! 

 Does it mean that you had no information about the 
altitude? 
-No.  
I understand that he once again approached to land, he 
did not touch down, and he flied out to the alternative? 
Or otherwise?  
-No, no, otherwise. He made one approach and that’s it. 
then he started to land.  
He made the landing that you prohibited him? 
-No I couldn’t prohibit him anything, I recommended to 
don’t do it.  
 
 

   
   
This is probably the first time in the history, the 

first time since 1919 when the International Commission 
for Air Navigation (ICAN) had been created to develop 
General Rules for Air Traffic, as well as a term “Air 
Traffic Control”, that an air traffic controller two days 
after an air disaster comments what happened! Moreover, 
he blames pilots who were killed. He also recommended 
the presswomen two ask dead people about their 
exercises. Did not he know that the captain is dead, that 
he had been killed in the air disaster? 

Mr Plusnin not only accuses, indicates guilty 

among the dead, but he also prevaricates. He is 
colloquially speaking wide with the truth. Please notice 
following statements conflicted with the CVR: 

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1.  Proposal of flaying to an alternative 

airport – Lt.-Col. Plusnin did not propose 
flaying to the alternative airport directly.  

2.  Statement of the pilot concerning flaying 

to the alternative airport if he will not 
land – It is not truth, PIC was going to 
descent to decision level, as evidences 
CVR. (After the final approach pilot starts 
landing. Landing is manoeuvre started 
over a threshold, usually on a level of 
20m and ended by a touch down, decision 
level concerns 100m here, so the 
difference is more than subtle.)   

3.  The PLF-101 started landing – The CVR 

does not confirm if Mr Plusnin was even 
informed, that a crew had been going to 
land, so he could not know, that they 
started landing. Moreover, the last 
statement concerning crew manoeuvres 
had been said at a level of 90 meters and 
it sounded “We go around!” Any farther 
statements not appear until the end of 
recording- excluding altimeter reading by 
a navigator and a statement “fucking 
hell!” and “fuuuuck!” and the last 
experience protractedly. In addition, that 
is it
, paraphrasing Mr Plusnin.      

 

    

On the other hand, very important, and we hope 

not too boring cause is a status of Air Traffic Control. In 
Civil Aviation Air Traffic Systems, so popular towers are 
participating on two basic statuses, which conditions 

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competences of the tower. These are information status 
and control status. Information towers staffed not by 
controllers, but by informers. Their work job is called 
“AFIS – Aerodrome Information System. The AFIS we 
can meet on the smaller airfields, usually if there is no 
radar, but also (rarely) in some zones of international 
airports. AFIS concerns only aerodrome services, never 
for example Area Control. An informer does not issue 
any commands – he can only suggest, so he uses 
expressions like “I suggest”, “suggesting”, “suggestion”, 
“propose”, “I propose you to”, “Please inform me when”. 
He cannot require.  
 

Much more enhanced properties possesses an Air 

Traffic Controller, working in a higher stage of Air 
Traffic Service organization, known as Air Traffic 
Control. A controller, although is not a superior of any 
aircrew, operates some package of commands. He is able 
to prohibit landing for example.  
 

Of course, there are situations when one person 

can be in some measure an informer and a controller. For 
example in some airports using Precision Approach 
Radars, with a limit of safety work level. Down of this 
level, their precision is not enough to safely guide aircraft 
until the touchdown (for example 100 ft) and to the 
reaching by an airplane this altitude air service worker is 
an Air Traffic Controller, but when aircraft descends 
below, he becomes an informer of AFIS, he goes to the 
mode of information. It is also not usual situation – 
normally the dividing line is clear and constant.  
 

However, was a status of Smolensk ATC? If we 

listen to read the words of Lt.-Col. Plusnin, it will be 
clearly visible, that he was an informer. Please notice the 

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characteristic phrases in his statements – “I proposed”, “I 
suggested”, and he maintains that he allegedly “Could 
not prohibit anything”. Under such conditions we would 
be even able to ignore inconsistencies in his interview 
(Mr Plusnin was navigating PLF-101 using “commands” 
according to the interview), because they are not 
shameful yet.  
 

Completely another, however, was Mr Plusnin’s 

status according to CVR transcripts. Please once again 
peek on the table above. There are not any suggestions 
and not any proposals – only orders and commands. Lt.-
Col. Plusnin and his college Capt. Victor Ryjenkho are 
clearly Air Traffic Controllers. 
 

Moreover, how can Mr Plusnin say, that the crew 

did not inform him about their flight level, although not 
him, but Capt. Ryjenkho was navigating PLF-101 during 
approach? 
How can he prevaricate, that he did not have any 
information about the flight level, although they were 
using a Precision Approach Radar RSP-6M in Smolensk? 
 

One more thing. Mr Plusnin states, that they had 

no any information concerning the altitude of PLF-101. 
So how Mr Ryjenkho was able to repeat “On course, 
glideslope”, which means another words “You are on 
course and on the glideslope”. Glideslope or glide path is 
an indicator of an aircraft location during approach in 
vertical parameter. Course is an indicator of horizontal 
parameter.  
 

To rate if the PLF-101 was “on the glideslope” or 

not he had to know it’s altitude precociously, which stays 
in a deep contrast with Mr Plusnin’s statement. 

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According to Russian rules of military Air Traffic 

Service, Smolensk “Corsair” was not an AFIS and not an 
ATC – it was so-could Military Aerodrome Disposition 
Centre. So Mr Plusnin was neither an informer, nor a 
controller, he was a Dispatcher, a dispatcher, an officer 
able to control and order nearly everything in his control 
are. He was more than controller; he was able to permit 
the landing. Why he did not? We will not probably know 
it never.  
 

But according to Polish aviation experts (inter alia 

Mr Andrzej Gieroczynski, head of the Air Navigation 
Services Department of Civil Aviation Authority and Dr 
Tadeusz Augustynowicz, former manager at London 
Heathrow Airport, military aerodromes coordinator, and 
retired Polish Airlines pilot) in every situation – it 
doesn’t matter if he was a dispatcher, informer or a 
controller – his duty was to close the airfield under this 
meteo conditions. He had such right and obligation.  
 

The minimal visibility, when Smolensk Airport is 

able to conduct start and landing operations is for every 
type of an aircraft 000 meters. Lt.-Col. Plusnin had 
permanently receiving meteo information.  
 

Please notice that there was no ILS (Instrument 

Landing System) in Smolensk, only NDB markers – pilot 
can use only GPS, gyrocompass and NDB indicators 
(automatic direction finders). If he wants to land he will 
have to trust ATC on 100%, because only they have 
precession indications from PAR radar.     
 
Smolensk ATC activities. 

Time 
(GMT) 

Conditions 

Obligatory ATC 
reaction 

Real ATC 
reaction 

2:00  

Visibility 

Carry out 

Not 

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over 1800m 

operations – 
the airport is 
ready 

operational 
yet 

5:00 

Visibility 
below 1000m, 
low clouds 
base  

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 
close the 
airport  

Airport 
operational 

After 
5:00 

PLF-044 
successfully 
landing, but 
with 1000m 
overshot of 
the runway 
threshold 
(according 
to Gazeta 
Wyborcza) 

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 
close the 
airport 

No reaction 
of ATC 

5:30 

Visibility 
800m, fog 

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 
close the 
airport 

No reaction 
of ATC 

6:00 

Missed 
approach of 
Ilyushin-76M 

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 
close the 
airport 

No reaction 
of ATC 

6:11 

Visibility 
below 400m, 
heavy fog, 
extremely 
low cloud 
base, 
conditions 
preferring 
an icing. 

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 
close the 
airport 

No reaction 
of ATC 

6:20 

Second 
missed 
approach of 

Immediately 
cease 
operations, 

No reaction 
of ATC 

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Ilyushin-
76M, nearly 
crashed on 
landing 
attempt. 
(according 
to Gazeta 
Wyborcza) 

close the 
airport 

6:22 

PLF-101 
arriving to 
the zone 

Redirect to 
another 
airport 

Permitting 
on carrying 
out of the 
approach   

6:27 

Unknown 
aircraft 
contacts ATC 
and informs 
about ending 
of “the 
drop”. 

Find out what 
was a sense 
and source of 
the 
communication. 
If unknown to 
say “Calling 
aircraft 
repeat!”  

No reaction 
of ATC, no 
contact to 
the 
aircraft 

6:27 

Unknown 
aircraft 
contacts ATC 
and informs 
about 
starting of 
descending 
on east. 

Find out what 
was the sense 
and source of 
the 
communication. 
If unknown to 
say “Calling 
aircraft 
repeat!” 

No reaction 
of ATC, no 
contact to 
the 
aircraft 

6:27 

Unknown 
aircraft 
reports 
“Permitted” 
or 
“Permitted?” 

Find out what 
was the sense 
and source of 
the 
communication. 
If unknown to 
say “Calling 
aircraft 
repeat!” 

No reaction 
of ATC, no 
contact to 
the 
aircraft 

6:37 

Visibility 

Redirect PLF-

No reaction 

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below 200m 
(!) very  
heavy fog.  

101 to an 
alternative 
airport, cease 
operations, 
and close the 
airport, 
inform PLF-
101, about 
weather change 

of ATC, no 
information 
to PLF-101 

6:39 

PLF-101 
starts 
approach 

Do not permit 
on the 
approach  

Command 
“Runway is 
free” 

6:39:30 

PLF-101 much 
above the 
glideslope 

Command 
“Glideslope!” 
or information 
about level 
above the 
glideslope 

Information 
about 
flight on 
correct 
course and 
glideslope 

6:40:13 

PLF-101 40% 
(30ft) above 
the 
glideslope 

Information 
about 
incorrect 
approach, 
command 
“Glideslope”, 
if necessary 
“Go around!”. 

Information 
about 
correct 
glideslope. 

10:40:16  PLF-101 

pilot 
confused by 
ATC – 
confirmation 
of incorrect 
glideslope 
as correct.  

Immediately 
request “Go 
around!” or 
inform pilot 
about 
incorrect 
descending  
rate.  

No reaction 
of ATC 

background image

 

10:40:26  PLF-101 

still much 
above the 
glideslope. 

Immediately 
request “Go 
around” or to 
inform pilot 
about 
incorrect 
descending 
rate.  

Information 
about 
flight on 
correct 
glideslope.  

Around 
6:40:40 

PLF-101 on 
decision 
level (VPR) 
of 100m 

Information 
“decision 
level” (vysota 
riesheniya

and asking if 
the pilot can 
see the runway 
(poloza) 

No reaction 
of ATC 

Around 
6:40:45 

PLF-101 on 
sinkrate 

Command “Go 
around!” 

No reaction 
of ATC 

6:40:50 

PLF-101 on 
extreme 
sinkrate 

Command “Go 
around!” 

Command 
“Horizon.” 

Around 
6:41:00  

PLF-101 
shears the 
trees and 
contacts the 
terrain 

Command “Go 
around” 

Request of 
the flight 
level and 
“Horizon.” 
Command 

6:41:02-
6:41:05 

PLF-101 
crashes and 
brakes up 

Immediately 
contact rescue 
services, and 
inform them 
about the last 
position of 
the aircraft. 

Command “Go 
around!”  
After 15 
minutes 
turning on 
an alarm 
and 
probably 
informing 
the rescue 
service 

 

 

background image

 

  

On the day of the interview, Mr Plusnin became 

retired. Why? It is also a question without an answer.  
 

In addition, Capt. Ryjenkho already does not 

work in Smolensk – he is moved to another airfield.   
 
 

However lack of decision of Mr Plusnin does not 

indicate that he was for example in poor condition, but 
indicates some questions about Krasnokutskiy.  
 

The most possible scenario of the decision could 

look as following: 
 

1.  ATC is not going to permit on PLF-101 landing. 

ATC does not have the flight plan – does not 
know what are the alternatives airport.  

2.  After contacting PLF-101 Plusnin finds out that 

the plane will fly out of Russia, to Belarus if only 
will not land. He permits on farther descending.  

3.  Krasnokutskiy has to take very difficult decision 

– there are very difficult weather conditions, 
however due to some reason the aircraft should 
not fly away.  

4.  Plusnin or – more probable – Krasnokutskiy 

contacts Moscow and asks what to do 

http://www.tvn24.pl/-1,1674784,0,1,rosyjscy-
kontrolerzy-cywilni-czy-
wojskowi,wiadomosc.html

.   

5.  By unknown reason PLF-044 crew persuades 

PLF-101 to try landing. He says “we 
succeeded…”, “I’ll tell you honestly, you can try 
as the most...”.  

6.  By some miracle PLF-044 has the same view as 

Russian ATC – PIC of PLF-044 recommended 

background image

 

PLF-101 to fly Moscow, although he should have 
the same alternatives as PLF-101.  

7.  PLF-044 is very determined to persuade landing 

of PLF-044. PLF-044 PIC said that the PLF-101 
should rely on APM lights, although they could 
not be helpful – lighting on the runway, invisible 
in heavy fog.  

8.  PLF-044 reports probably wrong position of the 

APM lights.      

9.  Controller Plusnin and his unofficial boss from 

Tver are very well co-ordinated with PLF-044 – 
all recommend PLF-101 to approach only to go 
around.  

10. PLF-101 decided to carry out approach.  
11. PLF-044 PIC prohibited air engineer to record 

conversations of ATC and PLF-101.  

12. After leaving the board of PLF-044 by the PIC 

and co-pilot, air engineer reported PLF-101, just 
before the approach that the visibility is twice 
worse than reported by ATC “Arek, now visible 
200”.  

13. On approach of PLF-101 PAR controller is 

talking incorrectly “On course, on glideslope” 
like being scared of PLF-101 flying to the 
alternative. He seems to be terrorised.    

14. PLF-101 crashes, PIC of PLF-044 comments it 

“Well, surely the guys have just crashed.” (“No, 
chyba chłopaki się rozbili”).  

15. Krasnokutskiy escapes the tower startled. On the 

question of somebody from the crew of PLF-044, 
about the Tupolev he answers “Flew away”. 

http://www.fakt.pl/Wstrzasajace-slowa-pilota-

background image

 

Slyszalem-jak-zgineli-koledzy-z-
tupolewa,artykuly,72620,1.html

 

 
     

3.4 Aircraft Information 

 

 

However not all the conspiracy theories include 

assassination. Please now analyse the history and 
capabilities of the aircraft to be fully sure that the 
conspiracy theories seem to have much better base than 
all the theories concerning eventual pilot’s error. Class 
and education of the pilots stay in deep contrast with the 
aircraft.  

 

The Careless(ness) of Mr Shengardt 

 

 

 

Tupolev-154 (NATO: Careless) is one of the most 

famous Soviet aircraft. It is a soul of Russian design 
thought. Russians planned to introduce Tu-154 as mid-
range jet, which had to supplement a gap in Soviet 
aircraft spectrum – much smaller Yak-40, smaller Tu-134 
and bigger Il-62. The first aircraft even in than conditions 
was tight and loud, about it’s success decided only one 
parameter – alighting run (only 450m), due to which this 
plane was successively displacing propelled 
constructions from the smallest airports of Soviet Union.  
 

The Tupolev-134, the first flight passed only 5 

years earlier, that is why it did not have to replacement of 
new aircraft. Tu-134, although as fast as Tu-154 was 
nearly twice smaller and had twice shorter range, 
insomuch as it was not able to satisfy the hunger of the 

background image

 

(centrally-controlled) market in Soviet Union and allied 
states in Europe, Asia, Africa.  
 

Much bigger Il-62 was initially produced only for 

Aeroflot, and even years after it did not managed any 
market success excluding exportation for (inter alia) 
CSA, LOT, TAROM and Interflug, where they operated 
Atlantic routes. The last aircraft delivered to Sudan was 
not even 300

th

 produced. It shows clearly, what the 

market demand was. 
 

Requirements for a new airplane had been defined 

in 1964. New airliner – a Tupolev-154. Generally, say, it 
had to compare affordable airport needs of previous 
Russian designs – Antonov-10 (most successful in 
Siberia) and Ilyushin-18, Soviet export hit, as well as 
transport An-12.  
 

It also was planned for Tu-154 to have as good 

performance, as Tu-104. However, Tu-104 lived to see a 
successor – Tu-134 the same capabilities, but more 
modern, based on Sud Aviation Caravell.  
 

That is why Tu-154 could became not a 

replacement of older constructions, but the new quality in 
Russian aviation. Because that time was a time of 
Russian intelligence KGB and GRU bloom (Soviet secret 
service felt perfect in conditions of personal and 
organizational stabilization inside, in post-Stalin time), a 
new aircraft also should be based on some western 
project. 
 

Boeing B-727 had been chosen by Russian 

authorities, what was not derogation from those times 
current trend: 

1.  De Havilland Comet  Tupolev-104 
2.  Vickers VC-10  Ilyushin-62 

background image

 

3.  Sud Aviation SE-210  Tupolev-134 
4.  Boeing B-727  Tupolev-154      

 

      

 

Its engines configuration is classical for the late 

60

th

 Russian design, the same as in the western designs, 

which became archetypes for inter alia Mr Shengardt.  
 

Tu-154 performed much better flight level, than 

B-727 it was probably the only parameter, noticeably 
better, than archetype. This single parameter however 
does not allow say, that the Tu-154 was an improvement 
of the best Boeing of the 60

th

.  

 

Contrary – Russian designers was not able to 

oppose many problems that had been previously 
eliminated in B-727 – the problems was an electronic. 
Boeing (excluding first series of B-747) was able to 
produce aircraft with two people crew (two pilots), 
Russian design trend was 4-8 people aircrew – two pilots, 
two flight engineers, navigator, radio-operator… - it was 
a norm that times. That is why Tu-154 really was an 
achievement – it was able to fly with 3-4 people crew, it 
fit in modernization trend in Russia – Yak-40 was able to 
fly with 3 people on the flight deck, Il-62 with 3-5, 
Tupolev 134 with 3-4. 
 

There were some problems, including engines and 

electronics quality, as well as unprecedented sensitivity 
to two factors – loading balance and a turbulence. The 
new aircraft was going to conquer markets of 18 states, 
multiply itself to nearly 1000 produced exemplars, and... 
kill 2975 people in 57 air disasters and 5 terrorist attacks. 
Analyzing that time safety statistics, it is allowed to state, 
that Tu-154, although according to Soviet standards 
successful, was not safety aircraft, probably that is why it 

background image

 

received significant NATO reporting name – the 
“Careless”.  
  
 
Flight safety statistics of Tu-154M comparison.  

Aircraft 
Type 

First 
flight 

Number 
built 

Number 
of hull 
losses 

Number of 
catastrophes 

% of 
crashed 

Tupolev Tu-
154 

1968 

923 

66 

57 

6,2% 

McDonnell 
Douglas DC-
10 

1970 

446 

30 

26 

5,8% 

Lockheed C-
141 
Starlifter  

1963 

284 

26 

16 

5,6% 

Convair CV-
600   

1965 

38 

5,3% 

Boeing B-727  1963 

1984 

166 

93 

4,7% 

Ilyushin Il-
76 

1971 

938 

60 

44 

4,7% 

Antonov An-
26 

1968 

1986 

116 

90 

4,5% 

Airbus A-300  1972 

561 

26 

18 

3,2% 

Lockheed C-5 
Galaxy 

1968 

131 

3,0% 

Boeing B-747  1969 

1369 

48 

39 

2,8% 

Boeing B-737  1967 

5873 

148 

137 

2,3% 

Source: FSF, prepared by the authors (2010). 
 

 

 

Please notice, that according to the statistics, that 

Tu-154, although one of the safest Russian airliners – 
must say- has twice worst statistics than comparable 
western constructions, for example the most comparable 
with Tu-154M Boeing B-737 (excluding 727, which is 
older construction) – the same capabilities, the same age, 

background image

 

the same class- has nearly 3 times better statistics, 
moreover better survival rate. It will not be a 
manipulation, if we say that B-737 is the safest airliner in 
the world.  
 

Tu-154M is also less safety, than it’s archetype B-

727, although had been designed later.   
 

Only C-141 and DC-10 look not well, according 

to the statistics. However the first one is a military 
aircraft, many times overloaded and flaying in very 
difficult conditions of desert, Alaska or battlefield (Tu-
154M of course flies in cold places, but legitimates high 
number of catastrophes also in quite good climate 
conditions of Iran, as well as do not rather take part in 
military conflicts). The second one has perfect 60% 
survival rate, so even if this (mostly transport) airplane 
crashes, there is great chance to stay alive.  
 

Please notice that, both of this aircraft, however 

are much safer than Tu-154M, according to the statistics 
only.  
 

According to Mr. Nikolai Vasylenko, Russian 

constructor, former test pilot and Aeroflot – Russian 
Airliners captain, who spend airborne 16.000 hours on 
many types of military and civil aircraft, including Tu-
154M:  
 

“For me it was from the beginning a failed 

designs. Testified that even the fact that immediately after 
the introduction of Tu-154 machines, there were two  
completely unexplained air disasters - in Prague and in 
Kiev, and later also to many other similar catastrophes. 
We, pilots often called it a “flaying coffin”. And it was 
through all this air disaster, when either it is unknown 
what had happened or the blame had been thrown on the 

background image

 

pilots. (…) in the last 40 years, in air disasters of the 
type, excluding hijackings died sever thousands of 
people. From 1000 (excluding prototypes it is less than 
1000) bout 110 had a kind of accident, including 65 
catastrophes, and this latest 66

th 

one. So the aircraft is 

very unsafe. (…)  
 

Why also Aeroflot does not already use Tu-154, 

but operates Boeings and Airbuses? 
Because nobody will chose an airline using unsafe 
aircraft. (…) 
 

Then after the Russians  already found the box of 

FDR – which certainly indicates, what exactly had 
happened, they have been afraid to disclose it, as to don’t 
be discredit. I am talking both about the Russians and the 
Polish. Besides every time for all it is good to blame died 
people and that is why they published only CVR, but FDR 
is Still secret. (…)” 
– said Mr Vasylenko. 

 

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?dat=20100

809&typ=po&id=po41.txt

  

 
 

Mr Vasylenko, because leaving out of Russia 

seems to be very objective.  
 

Why Tu-154 crashes twice often, than the 

American, European or British aircraft? Please notice 
that the base of the statistic is very representative, 
because the number of produced aircraft, as well as a 
number of crashed are high.  
 

For the main constructor and the head of the Tu-

154 project, Mr Alexander Shengardt it does not 
probably matter, that the result of his work has a bad 
statistics, and nearly 3000 people died in its catastrophes. 

background image

 

He stated on the 1

st

 of June 2010 (so on his 85

th

 birthday) 

as following:  

1.  To the 10

th

 of April, there were not any tragic 

accidents of Tu-134 or Tu-154 cased by an 
aircraft fault.  

2.  How they (about the Tu-154 aircraft) should not 

to fall down, if the pilots don’t know home listen 
to – commands from the ground or the highest 
command, standing behind their back, although 
they have no such right? 

 
 

I hope, that is was a mistake, because if not, it is 

impossible to find words to describe insolence of Mr 
Shengardt.  
 

Both his aircraft have terrible image, concerning 

flight safety. Tu-134, also designed by Mr Shengardt had 
71 hull losses of 725 aircraft produced. I do not say that it 
is a world record – of course not, many aircraft in history 
had worse statistics, but it is also very much. If the Tu-
134 would be added to a table above, it would be 
undisputed leader. In all accidents (excluding hijackings 
of course) of Tu-134 died 1404 people, Tu-154 deprived 
2964 people. It means that 4368 people (please notice, 
that in Soviet Union many catastrophes had taken place 
and a the world was not informed about them, as well as 
in many situations a number of victims was 
underestimated by the authorities - there are also 
catastrophes when we do not know how many people 
died – and we have to than write “0” in a statistic table) 
died at least 4368 people
 
 

background image

 

 
 

 

Mr Alexander S. 

Shengardt,    

Photo: PSC Tupolev 

(2005) 

 
 

Comparing 

statistics of B-737 and 
Tu-154 we can see, 

the safety level of this two comparable (similar 
dimensions, capabilities, age) is different. Tu-154 crashes 
2,7 times more often than B-737, we can note, that 
(according to this statistic only of course) 2,7 times 
people less can be alive if instead of Mr Shengardt design 
Boeing B-737 would be used, that is about 3 times less, 
after including Tu-134 statistics. Please notice, that first 
(Classical) B-737 had not modern systems like current 
time TAWS and TCAS, so their safety is related with 
their quality and highest designation standards.  
 

I thing that this simple data is very good evidence, 

that Mr Shengardt should sometimes think about that 
3000 people, that died due to the fact that they did not fly 
Boeing (in Soviet Union they had no choice – must fly 
Tupolev), but Mr Shengardt’s machines.  
 

In order to complete description of Mr Shengardt 

and his statement, please notice, that if he would be 
going to read aloud all the surnames of this 3000 people, 
who according to statistics would be alive (if they were 
flaying Boeing, not Mr Shengardt’s Tupolev), he should 

background image

 

read with no break 25 hours if only assumed that each 
surname he is possible to read in 2 seconds.  

Source: Flight Safety Foundation, prepared by the authors (2010).  

 
 

Please notice that although B-727 has worst than 

Tu-134 killed-per-aircraft statistics, the only reason is, 
that it has twice more seats.      
 

We are not going of course to say that these 

people had been killed by Mr Shengardt, but it is 
necessary to reflect, what is the reason that Tupolev’s 
crash 2-3 time more often than Boeings, although even in 
perfect Boeing’s designs there are some times situations 
of serious technical fault, casing an air disaster. Tupolevs 
never have technical cases – only so called man factor, so 
only a pilot error can case an air disaster. 
 

So how difficult should be piloting of Tupolev, if 

they crash more than 3 times more pilots errors 
concerning this aircraft? How is it even possible? It 
means that piloting of Tu-154 is really difficult. We had a 
pleasure to research the official operation manual of Tu-
154M and it does not seem to inform that the aircraft is 
so extremely difficult in piloting. If not, it can only mean 

Aircraft 
type 

Number 
of 
built 

First 
flight 

Number of 
fatalities 

Max 
number 
of 
seats 

Killed 
/number of 
aircraft 
(/100 seat 
places) 

Tupolev 
Tu-134 

725 

1963 

1404 

86 

1,94 (2,25) 

Tupolev 
Tu-154 

925 

1968 

2964 

180 

3,20 (1,77) 

Boeing 
B-727 

1832 

1963 

3960 

189 

2,16 (1,14) 

Being B-
737 

5873 

1967 

4420 

189 

0,75 (0,40) 

background image

 

that Russian pilots cannot fly safety, but according to a 
British expert, we asked, “Russian pilots are perfectly 
trained. There were sometimes situations, when they have 
a kind of communication problem, talking in English with 
ATC, but right now it never happens. Their skills and 
knowledge are very good and compare all the western 
standards.”.  
 

Another expert asked by us said: “I think that it 

was maybe a kind of error or lapsus-lingua of Shengardt, 
it had to be a kind of mistake!”
. Nothing more, nothing 
else.      
 

 

 

Operational history 

 
 

The Tu-154M, which crashed near Smolensk was 

20 years old Russian construction (military) passenger 
aircraft. In contrast of another Polish Tupolev it had 
never been a part of LOT fleet, had been delivered 
directly to the 36

th

 Regiment to replace older and smaller 

Tupolev-134A planes.       
 

  

A

A

i

i

r

r

c

c

r

r

a

a

f

f

t

t

 

 

t

t

y

y

p

p

e

e

:

:

 

 

T

T

u

u

p

p

o

o

l

l

e

e

v

v

 

 

T

T

u

u

-

-

1

1

5

5

4

4

M

M

 

 

l

l

u

u

x

x

 

 

Serial number / msn : 

090A837 / 85837  

Date of production: 

1990 

Date of order: 

1988 

Price during the order: 

USD 4,5 million (14 million of rubbles) 

Price paid: 

USD 1,16 million (14 million of 
rubbles) 

Market price 1990: 

USD 25 million (1990 dollars) 

Marker price 2009: 

USD 10 million (estimate)  

First flight: 

28.06.1990 

Delivery: 

11.07.1990 

background image

 

Manufacturing place: 

18

th

 Aviation Plant, Samara, Soviet 

Union 

Designer: 

Tupolev, Moscow, Soviet Union 

Overhaul date: 

02-12.2009 

Overhaul broker: 

MAV Telecom, Warsaw, Poland 

Overhaul , co-operating broker: 

Polit-elektronik, Warsaw, Poland 

Overhaul executor: 

Aviacor Joint Stock Company, Samara, 
Russia 

Overhaul customer:  

Ministry of National Defense of Poland 

Last overhaul place: 

Samara, Russia 

Hydraulics and APU gen. repair 
place: 

Ufa, Russia 

Engine overhaul place: 

Rybinsk, Russia 

Owner: 

Republic of Poland 

Holder: 

Polish Air Force 

Airline Operator: 

36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment 

Despatcher: 

Prime Minister Office of Republic of 
Poland 

Aircraft status: 

Military air transport aircraft (subsonic) 

Base airport: 

Frederic Chopin, Warsaw Int. (WAW, 
EPWA) 

Length:  

157 ft 6 in 

Wingspan: 

123 ft 2 in 

Wing area:  

2,169 sq ft 

Maximum take-off weight: 

230,000 lb 

Maximum taxi weight: 

231,100 lb 

Maximum landing weight: 

198,425 lb 

Minimal runway lenth cross-wind 
20m/s: 

2,100 m  

Minimal runway lenth no wind: 

2,500 m  

Minimal runway lenth tail-wind 
5m/s: 

2,900 m  

Alightin run (no wind) 

2,300 m 

Empty weight: 

122,000 lb 

Using load: 

39,685 lb 

background image

 

Maximum seat: 

104 (accordning to 36

th

SATR) 

Service seat: 

80 (according to Polish Air Force) 

Nominal seat for the type: 

114-189 

Range fully loaded:  

2851 NM (3,280 mi) 

Range with max fuel:  

3563 NM (4,100 mi) 

Cruise altitude: 

39700 ft 

Maximum altitude 

41,995 ft 

Maximum speed:  

510 kn (590 mph) 

Engines (number): 

D-30KU-154-II (3) 

Engines manufacturer: 

OKB 19, P.A. Soloviev, Perm, Soviet 
Union 

GPS: 

3x GPS-1000 plus  

Radar: 

Honeywell Aerospace RDR-4B 

TCAS: 

Rockwell-Collins TCAS-II 

EGPWS: 

Universal Avionics TAWS 

  
 

The aircraft after delivering had been equipped 

with Russian only devices. 
 

  

 

 

It was the time when Poland was already 

not communistic state. However, Soviet Union did not 
collapse yet.  
 

Before the democratic reforms in Poland (1989), 

communistic government of Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski 
ordered from Soviet Union one Tupolev, the same, that 
crashed.   
  

Due to extreme inflation in dying Soviet Union as 

well as very profitable price (resulted by the Polish-
Soviet Agreement, concerning bilateral trade) Poland 
finally paid for the aircraft only US dollars 1,16 million 
only. World market price of the type was about 25 than-
year dollars, so it was possible to sell the aircraft with the 
increment of over 2000%.  

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Then Polish government of Mr Tadeusz 

Mazowiecki did not manage to do it – decided to fly a 
Soviet construction, which was going to retaliate 20 years 
later. 
 

Another decision took LOT Polish Airlines, 

which under the same agreement bought 18 Tu-154M 
aircraft in 1985. The reason of this order was not only 
attractive price, but also the fact, that Tu-154M was 
designed on request of PLL LOT, which previously 
refused buying Tu-154 and Tu-154B aircraft. According 
to Dr. Tadeusz Augustynowicz, former PLL LOT 
manager, the reason was strictures concerning flight 
safety of early Tu-154. LOT decided than to buy only 
long range Il-62 and short range Tu-134. The lack of the 
medium range aircraft gave on the other hand its toll. Lot 
firstly leased Tu-154B from Aeroflot, but it was only a 
short episode. That is why LOT decided to order a new 
version of Tupolev aircraft, that would be safety and 
optimal for exploitation by the LOT. Russian side agreed 
to the request and started work under Tu-154M, medium 
range jet airliner, the most successful version of Tu-154 
with new D-30KU engines, the same that were designed 
to be mounted on some Il-76 and Il-62M.  Also produced 
in afterburning version for MiG-31 supersonic 
interceptor - the second fastest fighter of Soviet Union, 
one of the biggest and fastest fighters in the history.      
    

However the first Tu-154M (from 1984) had not 

been delivered to LOT, but to Gromov’s Aviation 
Institute as well as for several another clients including 
Bulgaria, Guyana, Syria and China.  

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Produced in 1984, RA-85609 is the oldest Tu-

154M remains in service (with UVAUGA Airlines, 
Russia), was produced as the 4

th

 Tu-154M aircraft. 

 

Another 1984/1985 aircraft Still fly only in China, 

Iran as well as in Azerbaijan (1) and Russia (1 leased by 
KMV airlines).  
 

Many of these early Tu-154 have had very 

interesting history. For example 85A719 produced in 
December 1985 had been delivered to Guyana Airlines, 
than had been serving in the Cubana de Aviacion until 
the half of the 90

th

, when came back Russia, flaying for 

Omsk Avia, Russia. than became a part of Iran Air Tours 
fleet, and once more came back Russia, in service with 
Omsk Avia, and than by KrasAir. Farther it has been 
flaying with Samara Airlines. Its exotic wonder, has 
however already been ended - now a day it is retired at 
Yemelyanovo, Russia (KJA, UNKL). It is parked among 
the vast and desolate land of snow, the same were 
governor Lebied’ was hunting wild animals, typical in 
interior of the south-eastern Siberia (such as wolf, bear, 
glutton, Siberian deer, musk deer, etc), from a board of 
an air ambulance helicopter. 
 

The first aircraft was delivered in 1986 nearly as 

cheep as to the Air Force exemplar. It had been registered 
SP-LCA and started a series of 14 aircraft ordered and 
received by LOT Polish Airlines.  
 

Deliveries took place in 1986-1990; however 

since 1989 Poland was already not a communistic state, 
that is why LOT was able to change fleet policy, ordering 
in 1989 Boeing B-737 and B-767 aircraft to replace 
Soviet designs. That is why new Tupolev aircraft had 
been introduced just before their replacement. Since 1989 

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to a half of the 90s all, the Tupolev aircraft were 
withdrawn. The last regular flight of Tu-154M took place 
in 1993, last charter flight in 1996.  
 

During replacement operation, LOT was able to 

sell all the aircraft with great grist to the mill, as high as 
would be Air Force in the early 90s.  
 

The newest Tu-154M – SP-LCO, produced in 

1990, was withdrawn with LOT in 1994 and sold to 
Polish Air Force 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment. It 

became a twin of another governmental Tupolev, which 
later crashed in 2010.        
 
Tu-154 aircraft operated in Poland, 

Serial 
Number 

Regis
trati
on in 
LOT 

Produ
ction 
Year 

Last 
operator 

Curren

status 

Registrat
ion 
residues 

79A331  None 

(leas
ed 
1985-
88) 

1979 

Belavia 

Smashe

Soviet 
Union, 
Belarus 

86A727  SP-

LCA 

1986 

Turan 
Air 

Operat
ional  

Azerbaija
n, 
Bulgaria 

86A733  SP-

LCB 

1986 

Turan 
Air 

Operat
ional 

Iran, 
Bulgaria, 
Russia, 
Azerbaija
n,  

86A745  SP-

LCC 

1986 

S7 
Siberian 
Airlines 

Stored  Russia 

87A755  SP-

LCD 

1987 

Kolavia 

Operat
ional 

Iran, 
Russia 

88A769  SP-

LCE 

1988 

Bashkiri
an 

Stored  Kazakhsta

n, Russia 

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Airlines 

88A774  SP-

LCF 

1988 

Iran Air 
Tours 

Operat
ional 

Iran, 
Russia 

88A775  SP-

LCG 

1988 

Air 
Union 

Stored  Kazakhsta

n, 
Hungary, 
Russia 

88A776  SP-

LCH 

1988 

Bashkiri
an 
Airlines 

Smashe

Kazakhsta
n, Russia  

89A805  SP-

LCI 

1989 

Samara 

Stored  Russia 

89A806  SP-

LCK 

1989 

Samara 

Stored  Kazakhsta

n, Russia 

89A812  SP-

LCL 

1989 

KMV 

Operat
ional 

Pakistan, 
Russia 

89A824  SP-

LCM 

1989 

Aeroflot  Smashe

Russia 

90A831  SP-

LCN 

1990   Aeroflot  Smashe

Russia 

90A837  None 

(mili
tary) 

1990 

36

th

 

Special 
Air 
Transpor

Regiment 

Crashe
d – 
damage 
beyond 
repair 

Only 
Poland 

90A862  SP-

LCO 

1990 

36

th

 

Special 
Air 
Transpor

Regiment 

Operat
ional  

Only 
Poland 

 
 

According to Polish-Soviet contract the Polish Air 

Force aircraft (90A837), crashed in Russia had been 
covered by Soviet (then Russian) warranty program, 
which has been systematically prolonging after every 
overhaul , against payment, carried out initially in 

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Vnukovo Facility, Moscow, Russia under new, Polish 
warranty program of Bumar Inc, Poland.     
 

The servicing in Moscow included: 

1.  Mounting devices enabling an international 

service inter alia TCAS and GPS. 

2.  Two overhaul s 
3.  Warranty servicing (in Moscow) 

 

The aircraft had been delivered in 1990 in version 

lux – it originally had intervals compositions of 3 
intervals: 1

st

, (behind the cockpit door, a toilet and a 

gallery) of 4 seats in (2+2), than 2 farther intervals of 8 
places (2+2), farther two toilets, and a passenger part 
(3+3). The summary passenger capabilities: 114 or 133, 
according to several another sources. 
 

On the back of passenger parts there was 4 seats 

in two oblique lines 1+1. Farther back there is only a 
gallery and two toilets on the left and on the right. 
Farther only an engine section – there are no seat places 
on the tail and it is not possible to enter that side from the 
board.  
 

Two general renovations changed seats layout and 

flight deck avionics.  
 

According to Polish media, the renovation in 

Samara, Russia changed on-board seat layout on more 
luxury. However, the composition of intervals already 
changed on the previous two renovations in Vnukovo, 
Moscow, Russia and did not change in Samara. Seat 
places, armchairs, and sofas are standard manufacturer’s 
equipment of Tupolev for Tu-154M lux version.  
 

On the photos of the crashed presidential aircraft, 

that had been taken in 1999 changes of flight deck and a 
board are already visible.  

background image

 

 

The flight deck style changed from classical green 

Tupolev style changed into white. Main pulpit, head-up 
panel, and a flight engineer panels became white. It 
brought the cockpit not archaic, but more modern look.  
 

In addition, avionic and navigation equipment had 

been upgraded. American flight managing system, 
probably early Universal Avionics UNS had been 
mounted, as well as TCAS-I, with a single display.  
 

In addition, a GPS receiver had been mounted, 

but probably not in 1999, but in early 90s, just after the 
aircraft delivering, because it probably had not been 
equipped with GPS in 1990.  
 

Probably also in 1999 or in 2005 had already 

changed also the intervals layout – on photos from 2005, 
the presidential interval had not already 2+2 composition, 
but have been moved to right, what is a normal practice 
in business and governmental arrangements of Tu-154, 
and places in the art-design trend of Tupolev.  
 

Later upgrades of Tu-154M lux, as well as new-

mounted Tu-154M lux of the 90s had such right-situated 
interval on 2-3 places.  
 

Presidential interval of Polish aircraft had one, 

comfortable armchair of directed opposite, to the flight 
direction, a table and a sofa, situated frontal to a 
presidential armchair, so facilely to a flight direction. 
Sofa had been designed for two seat places and is 
equipped with double security belts installation.  
 

Between the sofa and the armchair, a table is 

situated. On the ceiling elements of air conditioning and 
a lamps. In some arrangements of Tu-154, there is a blue 
illumination or floor illumination. In the presidential 
aircraft, there was only classical white ceiling 

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illumination. This interval was very elegant, limited by 
three walls, the wall behind the sofa had a big national 
emblem, that later was found by Mr Alexander 
Khoronchik in Smolensk, after the catastrophe.  
 

Left wall with single door, right wall with 5

th

 

windows, covering by plastic veils sliding to down. 
There are no curtains or covers.  
 

Walls, furniture light, dark facing floor. In 

previous configuration walls were dark.   
 

Probably between 1999 and 2006 a next repair or 

modernization had been carried out, because of the 
changing in flight deck equipment. There are many 
photos of the flight deck concerning 2006-2007. There 
are displays of EGPWS, radar and a multifunction 
display visible, as well as double flight managing system 
UNS-1D panels.  
 

According to Polish media, modern avionics and 

navigational equipment had been mounted in Samara, 
Russia, but according to this photos all the devices 
present in the flight deck after the renovation in Samara, 
had been mounted previously in Vnukovo. 
 
 

Flight safety and equipment after the overhaul in 

2009 

2006 (before the modernization) 

2010 (after the modernization) 

Flight management system UNS-1D   Flight management system UNS-

1D  

TCAS 

TCAS 

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Meteorological radar RDR-4B 

Meteorological radar RDR-4B 

Universal Avionics TAWS 

Universal Avionics TAWS 

         
 

Please notice, that after the modernization, this 

equipment had not probably changed. In addition, basic 
piloting devices (including flight parameters measuring 
equipment) and the autopilot had never changed – 
mounted in 1990, during the serial production in every 
Tu-154M aircraft. 
 

Polish Air Force and Ministry of National 

Defense do not confirm any information about the last 
aircraft equipment. However, Russian Interstate Aviation 
Committee stated that there was American Flight 
Management System UNS-1D of Universal Avionics 
Systems of Tucson as well as GNSS GPS navigation, and 
Terrain Avoidance Warning System mounted on the 
board. 
 

  The equipment listed above is visible on the 

pictures of the cockpit from 2010, so after the overhaul in 
Samara.  
 

This is a list of electronic (navigation, flight 

safety and communication) devices installed in the 
aircraft during the catastrophe and mostly confirmed by 
the pictures or in the service book (repair list) of the 
aircraft. 
  

Device 

Function 

Origin 

UNS-1D 

Flight Management 
System (B-NAV, GPS) 

United 
States 

UNS-1D NCU 

2x Computer Navigation 
Unit of UNS-1D 

United 
States 

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UNS-1D FPCDU  2x Flat Panel Control 

Display Unit of UNS-1D 

United 
States 

GPS-1000 

3x GPS receiver 

United 
States 

CL-401 

3x GPS antenna 

United 
States 

TCAS-II 

Traffic Alert and 
Collision Avoidance 
System 

United 
States 

Universal 
Avionics 
TAWS 

Enhanced Ground 
Proximity Warning 
System 

United 
States 

ABSU-154-II 

Autopilot 

Soviet 
Union 

Khurs-MP-70 

VOR/ILS/DME navigation 
and landing system 

Soviet 
Union 

MFD-640 

Multi Function Display 

United 
States 

TKS-P2 

Gyroscopic direction 
indicator 

Soviet 
Union 

WBE-SWS-M 

Air Signal System - 
aerodynamic central 
unit with digital 
barometric altimeter 

Russia 

 

VBE-2A 

2x Additional 
electromechanical 
barometric altimeter 

Russia 

 

RV-5M 

Radio altimeter 

Soviet 
Union 

DISS-013 

Doppler speed and drift 
indicator 

Soviet 
Union 

ARK-15M 

Automatic Direction 
Finder (VOR/NDB 
“Radiocompass”) 

Soviet 
Union 

RDR-4B 

Meteorological Radar 
with Windsheare 
Detection 

United 
States 

RDR-4B A CON  control panel of the 

radar antenna modes 

United 
States 

RDR-4B MFRD 

Multi Function Radar 

United 

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Display 

States 

Orlan-85ST 

2x UKF Radio unit 

Russia 

Mikron 

2x HF Radio unit 

Russia 

R-855UM 

4x Survival radio 
station 121,5 MHz 

Soviet 
Union 

SPU-7B 

On-board interphone 

Soviet 
Union 

SGS-25 

Speaker and headset 
system 

Soviet 
Union 

MSRP-64M-6 

Flight Data Recorder 

Soviet 
Union 

MARS-BM 

Cockpit Voice Recorder 

Soviet 
Union 

ATM-
QAR/R128ENC 

Quick Access Recorder 

Poland 

KBN-1-1 

Quick Access Recorder 

Russia 

SELCAL 

Selective calling radio 
communication system 

United 
States 

SD-75 (?) 

Radio Reference Sensor 
(Distance Measuring 
Equipment) 

Russia 

ARM-406 (?) 

Emergency radio beacon 

Russia 

Unknown 

Presidential satellite 
phone 

United 
States 

 
 

Please notice that most of these devices had 

already been installed in the Tupolev from 1990 or had 
been mounted before 2008.  
 

According to Mr Nikolay Vasylenko, Russian test 

pilot and constructor, who was commenting electronic 
equipment of PLF-101 aircraft, the flight safety was 
poor. “It was necessary to remove everything and add all 
the elements American (a company Israeli Aerospace 
Industries – IAI willingly takes such orders, also 
concerning Russian aircraft). Else, they should install 
matching Russian elements. In Russia navigational 
devices, which are very modern are produced. So as 

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radar and computers. TAWS also they shouldn’t install 
American, but Russian. And please remember, that 
Russian TAWS is much better, than the American, 
because it works also in Russia and American doesn’t. In 
addition, Russian TAWS is more effective, faster and 
simpler in using. This type of devices is produced in 
works in St. Petersburg and in Kiev. Also, GPS is made 
in Russia – in Saratovo works. Such system sure won’t be 
at odds with other devices of the aircraft
.” -  Said Mr 
Vasylenko. Please notice, that the Russian pilot expresses 
reluctance for American technology. The expert however 
opines that there were two ways of modernization works: 

1.  Uninstall all the Soviet devices, and install only 

American devices. 

2.  Uninstall old-fashion Soviet devices and install 

modern Russian devices.  

 
Thinking of Mr Vasylenko is realistic, because of the low 
compatibility rate of American and Russian devices. 
Poland decided to make their Tu-154M the most modern 
Tupolev in the world, but creating their flight decks a 
mosaic of Russian (Soviet) and American systems.   
 

Mr Vasylenko indicates also one factor, which 

also seems to be very realistic: 
Every country has its own secret service. Poland and 
Russia also. So it is just that when an aircraft is repaired 
in Russia, there are installed some devices – let’s say- 
such ‘additional’. And than Polish secret service install 
their devices to detect that ‘additional’. This all also 
gives a resultant, which worsen work of the electronics in 
the aircraft.” 

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Other words there could be some wiretapping and 

anty-wiretapping systems hidden somewhere in the air 
electronics systems.  
 

Argumentation of Mr Vasylenko becomes very 

well evidenced when we lock at the list of faults of Polish 
presidential Tu-154M in 2010. Another one is Still under 
repair in Samara, Russia. The one, which had noted 
technical problems in 2010, so just after the overhaul in 
Samara, crashed in Smolensk on the 10

th

 of April 2010.  

Date of a 
fault 

Description 

12.2009 

End of the overhaul in Samara, Russia 

07.01.2010 

1.  Alert “check the altimeters” 
2.  Information of the UNS-2 “adc 

input failed” 

3.  Lack of a possibility to connect 

UNS to automatic type on the 
work AWU-UNS 

Come back and emergency landing. 

17.01.2010 

1.  Lack of vibration level indications 

on IV-50 indicator of the engine 
#1 (left) 

2.  SELCAL system fault 

Resignation of the take off. 

23.01.2010 
(at Puerto 
Rico) 

1.  Inefficiency of the autopilot.  
2.  Fault of the aileron steering 

system Ra-56-V-1  

3.  Steering block fault (according to 

36

th

 SATR) 

4.  Flaps control fault (according to 

Polish Air Force) 

Resignation of the take off.  

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28.02.2010  

1.  Lack of oil indications of the 

engine #3 (right)  

2.  Fault of GPS #1 
3.  Fault of GPS #2 
4.  Fault of the Automatic Direction 

Finder – VOR beacon signal not 
detected until the distance of 
20NM (correctly indications 
should be shown on the distance 
of 80-120 NM) 

Emergency landing at the destination 
airport.  

8.04.2010 

Bird impact, decision of continue the 
flight. Little nose peen scratch, noticed in 
Warsaw.  

Emergency landing at the destination 
airport. 

10.04.2010 

Flight into terrain, with all engines shoot 
down or defected, symptoms of poor 
navigability, descending 30 seconds after 
a try of go around, impossibility of going 
around, probably autopilot and ailerons 
fault. Missing runway centreline on 80m 
to the left.  

Crashed killing all on the board. 

http://www.tvn24.pl/12690,1665836,0,1,11-usterek-w-
trzy-miesiace,wiadomosc.html

  

 
 

Moreover, the Tu-154M 101 was the only aircraft 

of the 20 operated by 36

th

 SATR having any faults.  

Conversation with an officer of the 36

th

 Special Air 

Transport Regiment, carried out on July 2010.  

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(...)  
One of the authors
: Were the faults often? 
Officer: Often.  
 A: Just after the renovation in Samara? 
O: Yes, it is so-could overhaul. It had been completed in 
December 2009.  
A: Also emergency landings? 
O: There was one situation when the aircrew had to 
discontinue the task, to come back. But even when it is an 
emergency, when the destination airport is not more far 
than 1-hour flight, it is possible to continue the task, 
according to an order, and to the flight plan, you 
prepared. It also happened. Mostly, thanks goodness, the 
faults, the breakdowns are detected on the ground, 
during inspections, during reviews and when you 
perform pre-flight check, before every task you must 
check systems.  

A: Was it the only aircraft having serious faults in 
2010? 
O: The only. 

A: And how many aircraft do you operate? 
O: 20 and we have over 300 officers, soldiers and 
workers employed in the regiment.  
A: Well, quite large airlines.  
O: Yes. It is a regiment.  
A: And what was the reason of the first fault, noted here? 
O: Well, probably barometric altimeter failed, that’s why 
there was a control lighted, during the task. And than 
UNS could not take control of the aircraft because it is 
comparable with only digital barometric altimeter. This 
is a key indication for flight safety.  
A: VBE-SVS altimeter? 

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O: Yes. Air Signals System with Barometric 
Electromechanical Altimeter, in Russian Vysotometr 
Barometricheskyi Elektromekhanicheskyi – Sistema 
Vozdushnych Sygnalov, 
in Polish elektromechaniczny 
wysokosciomierz cisnieniowy – system sygnalov 
powietrznych.   
A: Installed during the overhaul? 
O: Installed in Russia, during the overhaul, but not last, 
earlier. You know, American systems should have 
aerodynamic central and digital indications to work, 
that’s why they installed digital system. VBE-SVS uses 
two VBE-2A electromechanical altimeters. So it has to 
have also an input to work.  
A: So there were two UNS on the board and if one 
Russian altimeter fails, both UNS will be out of order? 
O: Yes, they will. The altimeter compatible with UNS is, 
or was the only one. If it fails you mast cease the task 
ordered.  
A: Autopilot also cannot be used? 
O: No, the autopilot can use also two additional 
barometrical, electromechanical altimeters VBE. Only 
barometric altimeters. It is not compatible with a radio 
altimeter.  
A: But Mr Edmund Klich self-styled Polish 
representative in MAK, Moscow said that they could use 
radio altimeter during the approach in Smolensk. (…) In 
such situation the autopilot could dive in the gorge, 
situated below the runway level.        
O: Self-styled. No, that is impossible. He should know 
that! Autopilot is not compatible with the radio altimeter. 
A: And what about the all GPS and the VOR indicator 
fault? 

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O: According to the pilot flaying, there was a problem 
with a radio unit, which noised the GPS and 
radiocompass, but it was not international flight, so 
captain decided to continue the task and perform all the 
procedural steps to reach the runway in Warsaw. It was 
no worthwhile to back Krakow. Fortunately, there was 
no problem with ILS on the board, so they with no 
problem managed to touch down. So it was a problem 
with radio unit.   
A: What kind of radio unit? 
O: As I remember it was so-could ARM.  
A: Installed when? In Russia?  
O: Installed in Samara, during the last general overhaul.  
A: ARM is UKF, VHF radio unit? What was that? 
O: In the documentation there is an inscription that radio 
unit failed.  
A: But what kind of radio unit? 
O: ARM- Avariynyi radio mayak in Russian, so it is 
emergency radio beacon, it is also a kind of radio unit. 
You can activate it by hand during emergency, but 
sometimes it activates by itself during a task.  
A: And is it normal that it disrupts all the navigation 
devices? 
O: Not all, for example gyroscopic system… 
A: Is it enough to carry out the flight? 
O: You mast have TCAS and GPS fully usable to 
continue the task.    
A: So they had installed incompatible devices in Russia? 
O: Yes. As it looks like...  
A: And what after a fault? Do you repair it on your own? 

O: No, there were Russians in Poland, a warranty team. 
Only they can repair something, because the aircraft is 

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covered by the warranty. 

Since 1990 there were several 

warranty programs, all the time they monitor the 
technical condition.  
A: So not Polish, but Russians repaired the aircraft? And 
you cannot even monitor the technical condition by 
yourselves? Russians can only do it? 
O: Yes, but we make a test flight a day before each 
HEAD flight task and also we examine every serious fault 
by a special commission of Polish experts.   
A: But the Russians maintain the presidential aircraft, is 
it normal? What about the NATO procedures? 
O: I don’t know. It is… Well, we if it is possible maintain 
all the procedures of NATO and all the procedures 
concerning flight safety, issued by NATO, ICAO, 
Ministry of National Defense, as well as the HEAD 
instruction. Every task is planned in details, we prepared 
everything and get ready just after the task order so 48 
hours before.  
A: We can see. We would love, if it was possible to ask 
you also about the other faults. For example the situation 
at Puerto Rico. 
O: Yes, on Haiti there was a problem with the autopilot 
and with the ailerons. There were exactly two 
independent faults.    
A: Were the ailerons conserved in Samara? 
O: Yes, of course.  
A: Was the autopilot conserved in Samara?  
O: Yes, also the autopilot, so ABSU-154-II, in Russian 
Avtomatitscheskhaya Bortnaya Systema Upravlenya, 
ABSU… was also overhauled. An overhaul of the 
autopilot was one of the points of the order of general 
overhaul for both our Tupolevs.  

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A: And what about the SELCAL, was it installed in 
Samara? 
O: Yes.  
A: So, all the devices failed, had been installed or 
repaired in Samara? 
O: You know, it was an overhaul, so yes of course. 
During the overhaul every systems and devices were 
conserved or checked, some devices were installed.   
A: And did the flight deck changed? 
O: What you mean changed? 
A: Did they change avionics systems? 
O: Rather not. On my taste the flight deck was after the 
overhaul just like it had been before. Only several 
devices were installed, but these devices were not key 
equipment.  
A: Was the passenger cabin modernised? 
O: Yes, but not much.  
A: So maybe a toilet or cargo part? 
O: No, rather not.  
A: So you say that in Samara, in worth USD 25 million 
contract they had not changed anything, only had 
installed several devices that, than failed airborne? As 
well as they had touched autopilot to overhaul it (if it is  
even possible) and it also failed, before a long oversea 
flight.  
O: Why? It is possible – as the most. I think that the 
autopilot can be overhauled, it is a computer, so you can 
modernize software or hardware for example. Engines 
and hydraulics for example had been overhauled.   
A: And after this overhaul, engines indicators and 
hydraulic devices such as aileron steering system, flaps, 
steering block failed.  

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O: Yes. In an aircraft you have systems and their parts 
called blocks. Steering block is a part of autopilot system, 
which executes commands of the software. 
(…) 
A: You say that there was a warranty team, as you 
defined it. Due to an access to the board computer 
Russians could know everything about how do Protasiuk 
and Grzywna fly, what are their strengths and 
weaknesses.   
O: I know what you mean… I know what you mean… I 
think they didn’t – there is no enough data. They had an 
access to tapes of Russian Quick Access Recorder KBN-
1-1, series 2. And if they know who each day was flaying, 
it is possible. But if they wanted to make an 
assassination, a sabotage, they would choose a package 
of faults, so that no pilot would bring through. They say 
just in case, in Russian “na vsiakhi pozharnyi slutschai”.  
[Rus. For any extreme situation]  
A: Na vsiakhi pozharnyi slutschai?  
O: “Na vsiakhi pozharnyi slutschai” in Russian 
language.  (...) 
A: So, was it a pilot error? 
O: No, it wasn’t. It was a pozharnyi sluchai.  
  
Due to the Polish low, the informations above can be 
secret that is why this was unofficial conversation. A last 
name of the officer would not be disclosed before the 
ending of the official investigation and after he will agree 
to do it.  
 
 

3.5 The overhaul and the aircraft condition  

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“President will be content!” 

 

Please imagine... It is winter, 2009, Russia.  

Cloudy sky, ground is covered by fluffy snow. Two 
Russian women are scrubbing left wing of the aircraft. It 
is difficult task, because of the snow, wind and freeze.  
They however can be proud, because their faces and 
hands in titanic work also had been filmed and shown in 
Russian TV.  
 

In the snow, white fuselage of the aircraft is 

nearly invisible, only red strips draw its outline on the 
background of white sky.  
 

Suddenly the supervisor Mr Afanasiev, engineer 

experienced and deserved is coming. Women are 
working faster, as fast as they can. With Afanasiev there 
are no delays- only hard, scrupulous work. For Soviet 
Union - 
it would be adequate to add. Mr Afanasiev 
indicates scaffolding. The camera operator and reporters 
enter the board. Interior for 8 month has been covered by 
protective foil. Afanasiev is showing a seat, disclosing it. 
Beautiful white upholstering (unknown for typical 
Aeroflot passenger) is outfacing the journalists. They are 
not touching anything. He is talking about the interior, 
comparing it with 5-stars hotel. Polish president will be 
content – 
ensures Afanasiev, touching typical woolen, 
Russian cap on his head. 
 

Here is a cockpit, and here is saloon. – Afanasiev 

just like the best Kremlin guide describes every detail of 
the place of the excursion. Of course it is strictly 
prohibited for strangers to enter the board of presidential 
aircraft; it is prohibited to film its devices without special 
permission. But for so pleasant Russian journalists Mr 

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Afanasiev made a little exception – these are not 
terrorists
, he should thought.  
 

These are seats and a table to conversations. And 

here we even added two seats! – He describes 
breathtaking scale of work supervised by himself.  
 

Camera of Russiya-1 TV recorded also the head 

of the whole facility – Mr Alexei Gusiev. CEO has not 
woolen cap – he looks really serious in his business suit. 
As indicates dressing, he is talking about business. All the 
heads of European countries fly Tu-154! 
– ensures 
Gusiev, praising features of this business jet. His 
enthusiasm is really unbelievable – aircraft has one of 
the best navigational systems in the world! 
– Gusiev 
describes equipment of Polish Tu-154M, unchanged 
much since the 90s. He is showing production hall with 
three uncompleted Tupolevs, nobody wanted to bay for 
years, but he of course is not talking about this fact. 
Dozen of workers are going to and from, across the haul 
make impression of a movement, of serial production in 
progress and great prosperity of the facility.  
 

This description is fully compatible with films 

from the overhaul, which can be admired online on 
YouTube.com.    
 

It seems to be impossible to perform an overhaul 

outdoor. Airliner with engine failed goes to a hangar, 
where all the works concerning the fault are conducted. 
How is it possible to carry out much more work on white 
snow? There was no visible modernization of avionics 
and interior – other words – there was probably no 
overhaul in Samara.  
 

It means that Tu-154M which was grounded for 

several months due to resource (maximal time airborne) 

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completing, flew (illegally – without resource) Russia, 
where has been parked in snow for ten month. Finally 
came back and was flying with president.  
 

  

 

Financial aspects of the modernization 

 

 

Polish government decided to overhaul Tu-154M 

in 2009. Public bid nr DZSZ/2/IX-50/UZ/PRZ/Z/2009 to 
choose overhaul executor had been constructed to be the 
overhaul possible to conduct only in Russia. 
Requirements made only the intermediaries, not real 
facilities to take part in the tender.   
 

Commission lead by Mr Tomasz Banka and Maj. 

Grzegorz Bakala had not difficulties in choosing, because 
the number of legal duties (to apply an offer) had been so 
high that 2 of 3 bidders were discarded.   
 

An offer of two companies MAW Telecom 

International Co. and their partner had been chosen, 
because it was the only application. However not MAW, 
but the partner – Polit-Elektronik is the most interesting 
part of the affair.  
 

Polit-Elektronik is not registered in any Polish 

companies’ register. How the firm, which is not legal 
company, could won a tender, comparing thousands of 
formalities? How did they collect required USD 8 million 
on the bank account to apply the offer? Of course, they 
could collectively “show” this money with MAW, but 
under such conditions, what was the reason of MAW to 
establish consortium?  

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Polit-Elektronik is official “dealer” of MiG 

Aircraft Corporation in Poland. It is very strange 
situation, because MiG… has own office in Warsaw!  

RAC "MiG" General Representative Office in 
Europe
 
ul. W. Rzymowskiego 53, office 319, 02-697 

Warsaw, Poland

 

Tel.: + 48 22 548 01 25 
Fax: + 48 22 548 01 62 
E-mail: migeuro@yandex.ru 

 

It can indicates that Polit-Elektronik can be 

owned by Russian intelligence. 
 

The most ridiculous was however a prize of the 

overhaul: USD 20.000.000 for two Tu-154M overhaul. 
 

According to Mr Andrey Lovtsov, vice-president 

of aircraft dealing and leasing company Aero Asia, 
estimate prize of Tu-154M overhaul (the prize 
concerning overhaul of the aircraft in variant similar to 
Polish governmental) reaches USD 800.000 (1.6mln per 
two aircraft). Mr Lovtsov was talking about an aircraft in 
version and technical condition similar to Tu-154s. 
operated by the 36th Special Air Transport Regiment, 
therefore his statement fully refers to the exemplar 
overhauled and later crashed.  
Other words Polish Ministry of Defense overpaid 
1250%.  
 

Moreover, they perfectly knew that the prize of 

overhaul is bigger than the total worth of both aircraft, 
estimated for USD 7.4mln. 

http://www.dostawy.wp.mil.pl/dzsz/monunit.2006-02-
23.0171991069/proceeding.2009-02-
16.3839392794?set_language=pl

  

 

For the prize paid, it was possible for example to 

bay younger (produced in 1991) Tupolev Tu-154M RA-

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85712 (serial number 91A888), in much more luxurious 
variant (41 seats instead of 90) equipped of course with 
TAWS, TCAS, GPS. Please notice that RA-85712 is 
much more safety, than Polish Air Force presidential 
Tupolevs, because has an oxygen system installed.  

http://www.aviastock.com/Aircraft/AD12590

  

 
 

According to MAK all the documentation 

concerning the overhaul by some miracle… had been 
carried on the board of PLF-101. Moreover MAK stated 
that found in the wreckage 14.000 pages of documents. 
Survival rate of documents stays in deep contrast with 
injuries to person and damages to the aircraft... 
 

Also a volume of documents put on the board is 

an instant conspiracy theory.   
    

        

How to be killed? 

 
Poland operates following list of presidential and VIP 
aircraft as an equipment of 1

st

 and 2

nd

 Squadron of the 

36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment or leased: 

 
Fleet of the PAF 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment in 

Warsaw 

Aircraft type 

Introduction   Place of production 

Number in 
service 

 

Tupolev Tu-
154M 

1990-1994 

Soviet Union (ex- 
LOT) 

1 + 1 crashed  

Embraer E-
175 

2010 

Brazil (leased from 
LOT) 

Yakovlev-40 

1979-1980 

Soviet Union 

4 + 4 retired 

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PLZ M-28 
Skytrack 

2002-2004 

Poland 

Bell-412 HP 

1991 

United States 

1  

PZL W-3  

1993-1999(?) 

Poland 

Mil Mi-8 

1973-1983 

Soviet Union 

7 (+ 1 crashed) 

Medium range 
VIP airliner 

2012-2014 

Plans to order 

(1) 

Long range VIP 
airliner 

2012-2014 

Plans to order 

(1) 

 
 

All the helicopters (H) are operated by the 2

nd

 

Squadron, airplanes (P) by the 1

st

 Squadron, however E-

175 aircraft are a property (in leasing) of LOT Polish 
Airlines and are a part of 36

th

 SATR on the form of wet 

leasing, after the catastrophe. It means that they have 
aircrews of LOT, although the 36

th

 SATR has, pilots 

trained and qualified as pilots-in-command and co-pilots 
on E-175 aircraft. Such situation is strange and comes off 
Polish government decision of Mr Donald Tusk, a prime 
minister. It looks, like some kind of contempt to the 36

th

 

Regiment pilots. During the funeral of captain, Maj. 
Arkadiusz Protasiuk on the Parish Cemetery in Grodzisk 
Mazowiecki, (in contrast to most of another 
crewmembers and passengers graved in the “Avenue of 
Deserved” in Warsaw “Powazki” Cemetery,  designed 
100 years ago for the “heroes”), there was not any 
representative of Mr Tusk’s government. Mr Bogdan 
Klich, MD - as already stated – a doctor psychiatrist, 
former anty-war activist and now a day a minister of 
national defense of Republic of Poland did not come. 

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However maybe searching of subtext is not 

necessary, because the only reason of wet-leasing form 
could be a poor financial situation of state-owned LOT 
Polish Airlines, and there is not any another reason. 
 

Moreover, maybe politicians of Mr Tusk’s 

government did not come to the funeral of pilot-in-
command because of the far distance (more than 20 miles 
from Warsaw, according to the Google Earth).  
 

(

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?dat=2

0100430&typ=po&id=po01.txt

) 

 

Anyway, the fleet carrying the most important 

persons in the state institutions of Poland seems to be not 
in service with European country (NATO member), but 
rather in Sudan or Uganda. All the aircraft, excluding 2 
leased Embraers, and several Polish-made light aircraft, 
are very old Soviet constructions aged 20-37(!) - 37 in an 
age of the oldest helicopter, according to Wikipedia.  
There is only one American helicopter, but also nearly 20 
years old.  
 

Technical problems of the Tu-154M and it’s 

catastrophe in Smolensk was not the only accuracy of the 
36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment.  

 

According to Wikipedia, on December 4, 2003, a 

Polish Mi-8 helicopter operated by the 36th Special Air 
Transport Regiment with Poland's Prime Minister Leszek 
Miller on board crashed 
[during emergency landing] 
near Piaseczno, just outside of Warsaw. 
 

There were no fatalities. The case was that the 

pilot-in-command did not turn on anti-icing installation, 
because the military weather forecast, he had received 
indicated, that it is not necessary. Also icing avoidance 
system did not alarm the crew, although it should.  

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However the pilot, Lt.-Col. Marek Milosz could 

presumed, due to the season (December) it was possible 
for icing to take place.    
 

Therefore, the catastrophe was a combination of 

poor weather conditions, incorrect meteorological 
information system, pilot error and aircraft systems fault.  
 

PIC had been advanced to form major to Lt.-Col. 

rank because of the emergency landing performing, due 
to which nobody died on the board, however the landing 
had not been extremely difficult, like stated farther, and it 
was not fully successful, because the helicopter finally 
crashed. Today he is a commander of the 2

nd

 Squadron of 

the 36

th 

SATR.  

 

Moreover, Tupolevs fleet also has had technical 

problems nearly all the time, last years. According to 
Polish TV TVP-INFO 
(

http://www.tvp.info/informacje/polska/rzadowe-

samoloty-od-lat-sprawialy-problemy/1642781

for many 

years these aircraft have been seen as obsolete. Despite, 
Polish governments had been procrastinated
 buying or 
leasing of new machines. However, Tupolevs have been 
passing out overhaul s – The aircraft flaying today with 
the president several months ago, the second one now.  
TVP INFO in this, on of the first after the catastrophe, 
describes sever interesting incidents, showing the truth 
about the 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment: 

1.  In 2007 during visit of Mr Lech Kaczynski in 

Central Asia and Pacific Region, the Tu-154M 
had a fault of anti-acing system on the ground. 
He had to fly Japan, for meeting with the 
Emperor, chartering B-737 from Mongolian 
Airlines.     

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2.  In 2005 minister of national defense, Mr 

Radoslaw Sikorski (now, after he changed 
political orientation, but also a specialization -
became a minister of foreign affairs in Mr 
Tusk’s government. He did not fly to 
Smolensk, but sent his deputy), had technical 
problems with Tu-154 in Kabul. There was a 
necessity to bring technicians from Poland to 
repair the fault.  

3.  In 2004 during a flight with then-prime 

minister, Prof. Marek Belka, to Hanoi, 
Vietnam, there had been an on-board fire in 
Tu-154, and an emergency landing in China 
was successfully performed.  

4.  In 1999 Tu-154M emergency landed on the... 

desert in Saudi Arabia, with then Senate 
Speaker, Mrs. Alicja Grześkowiak.       

 

This all incidents only confirm well-known fact. 

Tu-154 is unsafe aircraft. Mr Nikolay Vasylenko, admits, 
that from the beginning pilots have called it “a flaying 
coffin”, that there were many unexplained catastrophes 
and the blame has been every time thrown on the pilots. 
 

Nevertheless, Poland still was operating Tu-154 

for VIP flights? What is the reason? 
 

It is not an economical background. Poland is the 

biggest and richest countries of the Central-Eastern 
Europe. Moreover, according to ex-prime minister Mr 
Józef Oleksy in 2007 there was 50.000 governmental 
limousines in Poland. This number had not be decreased, 
but increased. In 2007, Mr Oleksy, during a conversation 
with Mr Aleksander Gudzowaty, stated, that even local 

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administration officials have governmental luxury cars 
with drivers, at the state expense. 
 

In addition, the aviation does not seem to be 

underinvestment. For example in 2006, 48 F-16 Fighting 
Falcon in Block 52+ variant had been purchased by 
Poland. Every one costs $42 million, excluding $18 
million weapons, external fuel tanks, electronic warfare 
equipment, spare parts package, and approximately $20 
million to cover all the other introduction costs.     
The estimate cost of only F-16 program reached about $4 
billion.  
 

The F-16 however is not the only military 

program introduced last years in Polish Air Force. Also 
C-295M medium transport aircraft, M-28 utility aircraft, 
N-12 long range radar unit, Grom rockets, Loara fire 
unit, Gunica rocket units command centre, S-125 and S-
200 rocket complexes’ modernization and many other 
military programs.  
 

The reason was firstly wrong decision of Mr 

Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who introduced Tupolevs fleet, did 
not replace another VIP aircraft, and even managed to 
bay Russian MiG-29 multirole fighters. This although 
officially pro-Western politician, not only was baying 
Russian fighters, but also was redirecting refugees from 
German Democratic Republic, back to hands of Stasi.  
 

However, the next governments did not appear 

better-lucked determination, desire, and money. Poland 
was that time a country undergoing painful and costly 
metamorphose. That times also the only Tu-154M was 
still new and there were no serious plans to replace it.  
 

 Nevertheless the erroneous decision took prime 

minister, Mrs. Hanna Suchocka, socialist and pro-

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Russian politic, ruling in 1993, when the second Tupolev, 
SP-LCO was bought from LOT Polish Airlines. It was 
the newest of 14 LOT Tupolevs that they sold.  
 

Next Polish Prime Minister, Mr Waldemar 

Pawlak, as very protectionist politic, received ordered by 
Suchocka aircraft from LOT, and accepted new formed 
fleet shape of the 36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment, 

probably to increase financial rate of LOT and decrease 
sate deficit. External sign of his politics was changing his 
governmental limousine into Polish-made Polonez low-
cost car. 
 

Years 1995-1997 were a time of leftist SLD 

ruling with their two pro-Russian prime ministers, who 
was not going to think about changing aircraft.  
 

Some change in that status quo ante brought the 

cadence of Mr Jerzy Buzek (now speaker of European 
Parliament), who after two years of ruling send both Tu-
154 on overhaul to Russia (1999) they flew back as the 
most modern and the most luxury Tu-154 in the world. 
However, Mr Buzek did not managed to organize a 
public offer two bay new aircraft, which is very difficult 
due to a high number of legal complexities. He, busy due 
to his groundbreaking reforms, only was able to organize 
public offer to buy new supersonic multirole fighter (F-
16 Fighting Falcon was chosen).  
 

Next years generated next time, the same 

problem, that before. Socialist governments of Mr Leszek 
Miler and Marek Belka due to their pro-Russian 
orientation were not going replace Tupolevs by new 
aircraft. That was also a time of ups and downs a 
reparation of the tragic condition in public finances, due 
to feckless reformatting aspirations of Mr Buzek. They 

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have to decrease one of the biggest in Europe 
unemployment, reduce re-ignited inflation and pay for 
Mr Buzek’s F-16s. Fighting Falcon.  
 

For certain the plus of this labour cabinets was an 

access to the European Union, a continuation of the only 
successful work of Mr Jerzy Buzek, who – must say to 
maintain objectivity – is to be suspected for collaboration 
with communist secret service before 1989 and snitching 
his friends from the Solidarity of Mr Lech Walesa, as a 
secret agent “Charles” (in Polish “Karol”). 

http://www.kurier.wzz.org.pl/kz/kz62/10.shtml

 

 

The minus of leftist rules were mass corruption 

scandals, some of which resulting even special 
parliamentary commission investigation! 
(

http://www.warsawvoice.pl/WVpage/pages/article.php/7

092/article

 

 

Labour Prime Minister Mr Leszek Miller did not 

take action to replace Russian fleet, even after the 
catastrophe, he had been involved 
(

http://www.miller.pl/strona.php?zm=english

).  

 

His labour successor Prof. Marek Belka had not 

been changing his mind, until he survived on-board fire 
and emergency landing in China. Nevertheless, it was 
already a decay of ruined by polls labour SLD. 
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance) 
 

The conservative Low and Justice (PiS) won 

election in 2005, the same year when Mr Lech Kaczynski 
became a president, winning with now-a-day Prime 
Minister Mr Donald Tusk.  
 

PiS established coalition with populist 

Samoobrona (in Polish… self-defense) of Mr Andrzej 
Leper, known due to scandals, farmer’s leader with 

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revolutionary views and ex-boxer 
(

http://wyborcza.pl/1,86738,3325237.html

), The coalition 

joined also a nationalist party LPR (League of Polish 
Families) of young lawyer Mr Roman Giertych, who 
reached popularity standing against the Love Parade in 
Warsaw and stating (via a sound system) about the 
homosexuals: “Two pederasts and their dog is not a 
normal family!”. 
 Rooting of Mr Giertych is a material 
for a whole book – his father Prof. Maciej Giertych, 
staunch opponent of the Darwin’s theory of evolutions by 
the legends (for example Loch Ness Monster) evidenced 
(?), that dinosaurs were living on earth when people 
already had appeared. Ground-father of Mr Giertych, 
Jedrzej Giertych was before the WWII an author of 
disgusting anti-Semitic publications.     
 

New Prime Minister Mr Kazimierz 

Marcinkiewicz designed as a minister of national 
defense, British journalist of Polish origin, Mr Radoslaw 
Sikorsky, a husband of well known American (Jewish 
origin) writer, journalist and editor, Mr Ann 
Appelbaumn. Sikorski was going to replace Tupolevs, 
but due to formal and legal problems, Sikorski had been 
preparing public offer documents for months. 
 

However, on the 16

th

 of June interior problems in 

the coalition forced very quite demission of Mr 
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, who exiled to London, and 
became a manager in the European Bank of 
Reconstruction and Development. He had been replaced 
by Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski, identical twin of president Mr 
Lech Kaczynski.  
 

 Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski reorganized government, 

inter alia removing Mr Sikorsky from office and 

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designating Mr Aleksander Szczyglo (died in Smolensk 
Air Disaster), who discovered high number of errors in 
Mr Sikorski’s project of public offer concerning new 
governmental aircraft – Mr Sikorsky promoted rather 
good toilets than good engines, and his project could 
reason in buying unsafe aircraft. Mr Szczyglo prepared 
his own project, but no less feckless, than Mr Sikorsky. 
Mr Szczyglo planed to purchase… 6 intercontinental 
aircraft to be operated by… 4 people. This indolence next 
time stopped the project until Mr Jaroslaw Kaczynski, 
after a corruption affair, concerning Samoobrona stated 
that he was not able to put up with Samoobrona and LPS. 
He played about the everything leading to dissolution of 
the parliament, and he lost everything.  
 

The election had been won by Mr Donald Tusk’s 

liberal PO (Civic Platform). Sikorski came back with 
honours, but became not a national defense, but a foreign 
minister. 
  

A new minister of national defense became Mr 

Bogdan Klich, MD. He had not been previously 
interested in defense. He was only an anty-war activist. 
First months of this doctor-psychiatrist office had been 
covered by several air disasters in Polish military 
aviation – in Air Force, Army Aviation and Naval 
Aviation.  
 

According to Mr Andrzej Romaczek, with a 

communistic weekly “The No” (official name: “No – the 
week daily), (number 22/2010) edited by Mr Jerzy Urban 
extreme anticlerical and antireligious activist, labour 
journalist, political satirist and leftist politician: “Since 
2008 four crashes have taken place 
[In Polish Armed 

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Forces], died 121 people, including two presidents, whole 
entire command and prominent politics”. 
   
 

Statement, although in bigot press does not seem 

to be meaningless.  
 

On the 23

rd

 of January 2008 during approach to 

Miroslawiec Air Base, new Spanish-build Airbus C-
295M (PLF-019), transport aircraft crashed killing 20 on 
the board, including Gen. Andrzej Andrzejewski. ILS 
system in the airbase was under conservation, Enhanced 
Ground Proximity Avoidance System in the aircraft 
turned off due to wrong signals, poor visibility, night and 
on-board GPS out of order, due to GPS military decoder 
unit fault. There was an error of an air traffic controller 
on Miroslawiec Approach, who wrongly set runway 
lights power. During the second approach attempt, the 
runway lights were already correctly set, but the PLF-019 
aircrew was not able to see the lights in the fog.  
 

Air traffic controller was not able to correctly 

direct aircrew on the runway centreline.  
 

Pilot-In-Command tried to find direction using 

handhold Garmin GPS (GPSMAP 196) receiver. Co-pilot 
was not observing radio-altimeter and the aircraft 
descended below 270 ft decision level and crashed with 
bank angle, probably during go-around attempt.  
Contributing factors were 

(http://aviation-

safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080123-0): 

1.  The Air Traffic Controller broke NATO rules and 

reported to the aircrew pressure in Russian format 
QFE (measured of the level of air base) in 
millimetres of Hg, but the aircrew mistook it with 
QNH (measured of the sea level), setting 
altimeters in QNH Hectopascal, that is why 

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altimeter indicated much higher altitude (about 
140m).   

2.  The Instrument Landing System in Miroslawiec 

was not available due to a technical failure.   

3.  The co-pilot was not qualified and trained to 

perform night flights on C-295 and was rather 
inexperienced – only 100 flaying hours on C-
295M, total experience 800 hours.  

4.  The Pilot-In-Command had no any experience on 

the version, although had total flaying time 2500 
hours, including 800 on the type.  

5.  GPS was unavailable due to decoding device 

failure (enroute aircrew was using only the IRS, 
not enough to performance an approach).  

6.  Pilot-In-Command had not been previously 

experienced in no-ILS approaches by night.  

7.  Approach controller had not any experience in 

conducting aircraft other, than fighters on PAR. 

8.  In Miroslawiec Airbase, the same controller 

served Approach and Tower computers at the 
same time. That is why he had to perform two 
jobs at once and could not safety navigate.  
 

 

All the passengers on the board including Gen. 

Andrzej Andrzejewski were coming back… form a flight 
safety congress in Warsaw. 
 

Please notice that we are not talking about Nigeria 

or Taliban Afghanistan of late 90s., but about European 
Union and NATO member-state, and XXI century!    
 

On the 27

th

 of February 2009, heavy, combat 

helicopter Mi-24D of Polish Land Forces crashed during 

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training before the foreign NATO mission. The combat 
systems officer died.  
 

On the 29

th

 of March 2009 during the training 

flight, light transport aircraft Antonov An-28 crashed 
killing pilot-trained, pilot-in-command, supervisor and a 
flight engineer. In a blood of the pilot-in-command, 
according to “No” narcotics were detected.   
 

On the 2

nd

 of February 2010 Polish Air Force C-

130H Hercules, during a task of NATO mission nearly 
crashed in Afghanistan. Although extreme damage of 
aircraft the crew succeeded to land in Mazar-El-Sharif, 
Afghanistan. The probable case is a rapid decompression, 
extreme g-load during a turning, airborne collision or had 
been shot by a missile. Some of the damage appeared 
during contact with trees on emergency landing. Notable 
damage: 

1.  Huge cavity of airframe below the left wing 
2.  Right wing fixing damage 
3.  Right fuel tank damage 
4.  Luck of rudder surface both-sides, seriously 

damaged horizontal stabilizer.  

5.  Right gear air shield damage 

 
 

“The No” nicked Mr Klich, “minister-

catastrophe”. There is also one much more perspicuous 
sentence: “The case in the ill army headed by a 
psychiatrist”.  
 

However, not the balance of Mr Klich in military 

aviation is important. The most important fact is a 
document signed by him, concerning fleet condition.   
 

Before the Smolensk Air Disaster, in his decision 

number 40, Klich, MD stated as following (in 1

st

 

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paragraph): “The 36

th

 Spec-Regiment and its fleet are not 

able to provide safety realization of the tasks, concerning 
transport of the most important people of the state”. 
(

http://www.polskieradio.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/?id=178978

).  
     

However, he with terrible reckless permitted on 

the common flight to all the prominent generals.   
(

http://www.polskieradio.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykul160

607,1.html

) Moreover, Mr Klich did not hold a criminal 

label, but holds an office, still.  
 

 

 

Tu-154 best before and Brazilian cure-all nostrum 

 

 

In January 2009, presidential Tu-154M should be 

scrapped. Its maximum lifetime ended. Exhaust aircraft, 
although the most modern Tupolev in the world would be 
smashed if only Mr Tusk Government were obey the law, 
and demonstrate any sense.  
Without resource aircraft should not take off in flight to 
plant in Samara- it did.  
 

Prime minister, Mr Donald Tusk broke his words 

from 2008, when he said that Soviet VIP fleet would be 
certainly replaced.  
 

In 2008, Col. Tomasz Pietrzak, commander of the 

36

th

 Special Air Transport Regiment resigned, due to 

condition of his fleet, he contended, that 36

th

 Regiment 

aircraft are simply say – too old.    
   

Moreover, Mr Tusk was the only and the first 

prime minister who was able to buy new aircraft with any 
problem, without a public order. On 2008, Office of 

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Public Order permitted for resignation of the public offer 
procedures, due to “State security threat”.  
 

Nevertheless, Mr Tusk did not. His government 

issued a public offer to modernize both Tupolevs. The 
bidders were: the biggest Polish defense concern Bumar 
Inc., Metalexport-S and a consortium of MAW Telecom 
and completely unknown before Polit-Elektronik, who 
offered a overhaul in Samara, Russia.  
 

The contract was signed on the 9

th

 of April 2009. 

Total prize of the overhaul had been fixed on    
 

Until 2009 however, Mr Tusk and Mr Klich, MD, 

although aware of the risk did not manage to purchase or 
lease a new aircraft. They however had such possibility. 
In every moment, it was possible to lease aircraft from 
LOT Polish Airlines – two Embraer E-175.  
 

There was already no turning back, because – 

planes were ordered, pilots of the 36

th

 Special Air 

Transport Regiment started training in Switzerland. As it 
appears later only three days were only necessary to 
receive new planes from LOT, but Mr Tusk stopped the 
process.  
 

The presidential Tu-154M unlawfully took off 

after several month grounding, and although no 
certification took flight to Samara, Russia, were overhaul 
was going to be carried out, however it was not.  
 

According to a video published by 

Komsomolskaya Pravda and Russia-1 TV the aircraft had 
been standing covered by the snow, outside the facility 
(overhaul can only be carried out indoor!). Taking into a 
count three factors: 

1.  Minimal time of an overhaul of Tu-154M 

indoor, according to Mr Nikolai 

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Vasylenko (evidenced, by a time of 
another Polish Air Force Tu-154M 
reparation as well as a technical 
documentation of Tu-154M: maintenance 
instruction page 148) estimates 8-10 
month 

2.  Tupolev was parked in snow for many 

days, due to lots of snow on the aircraft. 

3.  Tupolev’s modernization started in 

Summer, ended in the Winter 2009 

4.  The recording shows situation before re-

painting. 

5.  According to MAW Telecom, overhaul 

concerned disassembly and reassembly of 
all the aircraft parts.  

6.  Representatives of Polish Air Force and 

MAW Telecom had not been present on 
the place, because they stated that the 
aircraft had been repaired indoor.  

7.  There were nearly no changes on the 

flight deck.  

8.  There were nearly no changes in the 

cabin.  

9.  Specified in order devices, had not been 

replaced.  

10. There were many faults after the 

overhaul.  

11. The aircraft was researched in Samara 

only by Russian pilots. 

12. The aircraft was maintained by Russia 

engineers in Warsaw to the catastrophe.    

 

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We can state without doubt, that the aircraft 

modernization and overhaul in Samara, Russia was a 
fiction. Overview of the engines and installing of the 
refrigerator costs… $11,5 million.  
 

This is very serious matter that is why we asked a 

British expert, to know if it could be truth, that there was 
no any repair.  
 

It seems that they knew it will crash! That is why 

they did not make any reparation. It is a scandal; I never 
have seen a 10-month modernization outside the hangar, 
on the snow. I know that it’s Russia, but providing all the 
works indoor is an absolute standard, bare bones. (…)  
 

Well, without any control, if I were 

businesspersons I would probably also do not any 
renovation. Please notice, that if they do not any 
reparation they will still have great profit, an increment, 
because they earned much more money, than the aircraft 
is worth, so all the warranty reparation and spare parts 
of no-touched aircraft would be less, than a cost of 
reparation. 
  
 

   

 

 

 

Another expert: 

 

The reparation could be fiction. It is normal in 

Russia. You do not know Russia yet. It was a private 
facility, so they want only to earn money, and do nothing. 
In state enterprise, they will not a bribe – much of a 
muchness.  
 

Do you think that in Poland in the ministry they 

did not take any extra money, to repair an aircraft paying 
as much as it is worth to fly it for 8 years? It is a 
mockery! 

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It is hard to do not agree with the expert, Russian 

pilot and engineer.  
 
All the data above is evidenced by the table showing data 
form order confronted with photos from 2010: 
 
Aviacor Samara Modernization balance: 

Specified in order 

Real modernization in Samara 

Aircraft lifetime 
extension 

6 years extension, a kind of 
warranty program. 

Autopilot block 
overhaul 

No change of systems (still 
ABSU-154-II), faults noted after 
the renovation. 

Engines reparation 

Checked, renovated, washed, 
oiled, new certification for 6000 
flying hours. 

Auxiliary power unit 
renovation 

(No information) 

Complex interior 
modernization 

Two armchairs and one table 
added.  

Spare parts reparation  (No information about) 
Trimmer control 
modification 

No visible changes.  

Anty-fire installation 
overhaul 

No visible changes: the same 
smoke alarms in the toilets, 
extinguishers without change, 
flight deck fire avoidance 
controls on the air engineer 
pulpit without any visual 
changes.  

Speedometer 

(No information about) 

A kind 

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“overhaul” 

of incorrect speed indication 
could be noticed in the CVR 
transcripts  

Altimeter “overhaul” 

Only minor changes, faults after 
the renovation 

Emergency 
transmitter EMT 
repair 

Having faults, which could case 
a catastrophe after the repair.  

Board refrigerator 
replacement 

Completed 

Painting 

Completed  

 

3.6 Meteorological information - once again 

 

 

There was already little fragment concerning a 

weather conditions with several key meteo indications 
listed.  
 

The Russian Interstate Aviation Committee 

(MAK) in Moscow has been researching weather for 
three months, to finally state on the 19

th

 of July 2010 that 

had ended analyzing of the meteo conditions. Effects of 
their titanic work were however… Estimate temperature 
and wind and several another parameters, but grossly 
inconsistent with the reality.   
 
Weather conditions over Smolensk during PLF-101 
catastrophe 

Parameter 

According to 
MAK.ru 

According to CVR 
transcripts 

Temperature 

1-2

o

2

o

Wind 

direction 

110-130

120

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Wind speed 

2m/s 

3m/s 

Clouds type 

Stratus 

(Stratocumulus) 500m 

thickness 

Clouds degree 

100% (10/10) 

(100%) 

Clouds base 

30-40m 

Below 50m 

Pressure 

Secret 

993 HPa 

 
 

One of us heart that in Britain efficiency of 

weather forecasts reaches 70%. However many times it 
was possible to find out something else, during 
unexpected rain. There was many times a necessity to run 
startled to nearest tube station.   
 

Nevertheless, due to extreme changeability of the 

weather it is impossible to detect in advance all the 
possible atmospheric processes. Only the global warming 
experts, with unprecedented stubbornness evidence, that 
in 2240 we will live not only on Sahara, but also under 
the water, but their promises seem to enjoy the coverage 
as credible as checks of Mr Bernard Madoff… 
 

However weather forecasting, although a 

beautiful field of science is much more difficult, than 
describing weather aback. For example if we measure the 
temperature every day we will know on 100% what was 
the temperature each day, but we will not know what 
temperature would be in the future, unless we performed 
mathematical calculation and had complete data package.  
 

Of course it is not possible to know on 100% 

what was the weather 400 years ago (although global 
warming experts somehow know), but it is known on 
100% what was a weather in 2010 in European city!  
 

Errors and empty spaces in Russian meteo report 

can be only reasoned by a kind of malice.  

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There is no need to describe exaggeratedly strictly 

weather in Smolensk – it was poor, heavy fog, but it was 
not also monsoon or a hurricane. Just Russian “spring”, 
cool and foggy. According to many witnesses visibility in 
many places was less than several meter – one witness 
had not seen the aircraft, although the blast fallen him 
down, so there was no visibility. Many observers 
described the fog, as “just like milk”.  
 

Polish prosecutors asked even US Attorney office 

to check whether there is a possibility to induce artificial 
fog. Of course it is possible, just google “artificial fog” or 
“theatrical fog”. Many conspiracy theories were in 
Poland based on the idea, that enigmatic Russian Air 
Force Ilyushin Il-76M, that after two missed approaches, 
and nearly had crashed, before stated “had just ended the 
drop, descending on east, permitted” had dropped down 
an artificial fog.  
 

Other than, Dr. Sergei Amelin stated that there is 

several evidence, that it was no artificial fog, according 
to himself:  

1.  The fog had been forecasted days before. 
2.  The fog covered nearly whole Smolensk-Oblast, 

50 miles “long” ellipsis  

3.  The fog came was several times coming back 

after the air disaster 

4.  The fog, although looking other than in general, 

could be case by unusually low temperature – 
explained me living in Smolensk Dr. Amelin.  

Smolensk temperature according to temp.smolensk.ws  

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To maintain leftover of objectivity it is necessary 

to state, that: 

1.  Weather conditions were poor.  
2.  Airfield should be closed due to the weather 

conditions; it was a crime of Smolensk ATC, that 
they did not it, although it was their duty.  

3.  In flight order, commander of the 36

th

 SATR, 

Col. Ryszard Raczynski stated, that minimal 
conditions in the destination airport should be 
clouds base above 120m and visibility 1800m. 
That is why it was a crime of the orderly officer 
of the 36

th

 SATR, who permitted on the take-off 

and did not inform PLF-101 crew, about poor 
weather conditions.  

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4.  Pilot-In-Command, although it is not prohibited, 

should not rather carry out an approach, it was his 
error. 

5.  Pilot-In-Command of PLF-044 should not 

persuade the PIC of PLF-101 to carry out an 
approach.  

6.  Smolensk ATC dispatcher, Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin 

had a duty to prohibit PLF-101 an approach, he 
did not. 

7.  Smolensk ATC dispatcher, Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin 

had a duty to inform PLF-101 about farther 
weather deterioration (visibility decreasing from 
400 to 200m). 

8.  MAK does not want to disclose what the real 

pressure, basic to set altimeters was.     

 
 

3.8 A page about the navigation. 

 

Installation/device 

Position 

Radio 

Frequency  

Distance 

to 

threshold 

Instrument Landing 

system 

 

No ILS 

N/A 

VOR beacon 

 

No VOR 

 

Outer marker 

(NDB) 

N54

o

49,7’, 

E32

o

8,5’ 

640 MHz 

6,1 km 

Middle marker  

 

No 

 

Inner marker 

(NDB) 

N54

o

49,6’ 

E32

o

3,8’ 

310 MHz 

1,1 km 

Smolensk Tower 

 

128,8 

MHz 

 

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Precision Approach Radar: RSP-6/M2.  

 

According to Polish newspaper “Rzeczpospolita” 

(The Republic), currently the most serious and the most 
opinion-forming daily in Poland there was another kind 
of PAR, type RSP-10MN or modified (so RSP-10MN-1), 
but it is not truth. According to photos showing 
Smolensk radar, as well as the reports of Dr Sergey 
Amelin there is less modern, but still keeping precision 
RSP-6/M-2.  
 

The RSP-6 is a system consisted with two 

independent units: 

  Circle Observation Radar, not showing altitude, 

operated by TWR controller, Lt.-Col. Pavel 
Plusnin 

  Precision Approach Radar, showing altitude, 

operated by APR controller, Capt. Victor 
Ryjenkho 

 Two indicators: PAR and circle mode in a container 
or inputted to the computers on the tower 

 

 

 

RSP-6 is a military radar, also operated on civil 

airports in the Soviet Union, for example at inoperative 
now Smolensk-South (LNX) airport. This is a typical 
PAR, showing two parameters (position on course and 
altitude on glideslope), to allow the air traffic controller 
to safely conduct the aircraft to the level of 400-450 ft. It 
however does not mean that the radar is characterised by 
such low precision. Exactness of the unit depends of 
several factors and if the radar had been well calibrated 
and the signal had been inputted to a computer it was 
possible to reach exactness level of 20-30 ft, but even a 

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minimal, specified by the producer reaches 80ft. So why 
did the air traffic controller Capt. Ryjenkho not reacts, 
when PLF-101 was 300ft above the glideslope we do not 
know.  
 

During our visit in Smolensk, we received a 

confirmation that during PLF-101 approach, as well as 
right now, the airport is equipped with RPS-6 unit.  
 

One thing more about markers – the NDB, 

although named – Non-directional Beacon, are not as 
non-directional as it appears. Other words it is possible to 
head direction on the NDB, but only in two situations: 

1.  Not using the autopilot – controlling steering 

manually.  

2.  On the autopilot, but using also GPS. According 

to the manual of Flight Managing System, Tu-
154M was equipped; there is a possibility to 
carry out approach using GPS and NDB, or only 
NDB. UNS-1D is possible to head only on NDB.  

   

 

3.9 The Airport 

 
 

The airport, as stated PLF-044 pilot was a “hell-

hole” in sense-by-sense translating. Smolensk in the 
400.000 Russian city situated few miles from the 
Belarusian boarder, were it’s twin city Vitebsk is 
situated, no more far than Smolensk.  
 

During the World War II, several miles from 

Smolensk, in Katyn Forest, 20-25.000 Polish people had 
been killed by Soviet secret service in a mass murder, 
ordered by Stalin. This number includes 8.000 Polish 
officers taken prisoner 1939 by Soviet Army, and about 

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15.000 officials, professors, landowners, lawyers, priests, 
pilots, scientists, doctors and businesspersons. According 
to the historians, all were murdered shot in the back of 
head. That was not the only, but the biggest of three 
confirmed mass murders of Polish, by Stalin.  
 

Since Soviet Union collapsed, there is a cemetery 

and a monument build by the Polish in Katyn, Russia. 
The number of victims is not still clearly confirmed 
(about 20.000 bodies were founded), for the reason that 
Russia to the present day is not going to disclose their 
fails.  
 

This is not however separated affair, because for 

example Great Britain since 1943 has not disclose secret 
British fails (after 60 years!) concerning Polish prime 
minister Gen. Wladyslaw Sikorski, who was assassinated 
in an air disaster in Gibraltar. All on the board excluding 
Czech RAF pilot, Capt. Prchal, were killed. It was 
probably also Russian manslaughter, although (there are 
clear evidence that it was on 100% assassination) Great 
Britain keeping files secret in some measure pleads 
guilty. The reason of such absurd behaviour is unknown; 
it unfortunately looks like a heroic loyalty for Stalin.  
 

Polish delegations every year visit Katyn, to carry 

out celebrations in honour of the fallen, and use 
Smolensk-North Air Base to carry out air transportation, 
because the airfield is situated only 3miles form the 
Katyn Forest and 2 miles from Smolensk.  
 

Usually smaller jets had been used by Polish Air 

Force, probably never before 100-tones weight Tu-154M.  
 

The Smolensk Air Base is a military airfield – of 

the two in the city. Another, Smolensk-South is 
inoperative. Moreover, Smolensk-South runway length 

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(less than 1.500m) is not enough high for Tu-154M to 
stop with all brakes and trust reverse fully applied. The 
alighting run of the Tu-154M under normal conditions, 
without wind estimates 2.500m.     
 

 Smolensk Air Base had been established (in 1920 

according to Kommersant) as a civil airport before the 
WWII and had been operated for intermediate landings 
of Russian wooden airlines on the international routs.  
 

Then during the WWII, it was probably converted 

into the military airport, however there is lack of data 
concerning its role in war. One of the Smolensk 
inhabitants remember the episode from that time, when 
Soviet fighter crashed – a pilot who did not managed to 
use the parachute died. than my interlocutor, run two the 
aircraft as the firs and find the pilots Komsomol (youth 
organization) member card, which he send to a museum 
in Moscow in early 90s. 
 

After war period is also shrouded in mystery – to 

early 60s. when the airfield sow the concrete runway 
done.  
 

There are many photos from the 70s., including 

taxing schema, showing completely the same airfield 
layout like in our day. Another photos show parked 
Antonov-12 transport aircraft, as well as MiG-23 
fighters. Also plates “Death threat! Do not overreach!” 
appeared on the barbed wire fence.  
 

According to Dr Sergey Amelin living in 

Smolensk, there was one catastrophe of An-12 aircraft, 
which crashed due to an icing. Although Mr Amelin 
explained, so as to that air disaster took place probably in 
1984, but I was not possible to find any information 
about it anywhere, so it is still unconfirmed incident. 

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(According to airdisaster.ru) There were only 15 air 
catastrophes that year in Soviet Union, including 2 Tu-
154, but no An-12 crashed. 
 

It is probably a mistake off Mr Amelin, cased by 

the fact that in 1986 An-12 crashed in Omsk-North, but it 
is far away from Smolensk.  
 

According to Russian newspaper Kommersant, it 

appears as the I class aerodrome, so able to service 
aircraft heavier, than 75.000kg.  
 

 

Smolensk Air Base Operational History 

Years of 
quartering 

Unit/Institution 
operating 

Aircraft flown 

1920-1932 

Chief Administration 
of the Civil Air Fleet 

Administrator 

1922-1936 

Deutsch-Russische 
Luftverkehrs A.G.  

Fokker F-III, 
Junkers F-13, 
Tupolev ANT-9, 
Dornier Merkur  

1926-1928 

Aviation Repair Plant 
Number 3 

Facility 

1928-1941 

Military Aviation Plant 
Number 35 

Facility 

1932-1941 

Head Directorate of 
Air Civil Fleet  

Administrator 

1930-1941 

Aeroflot – Russian 
Airlines 

PS-84 

1941 

Soviet Air Force 

Fighter Aircraft 

1941 

Luftwaffe 

Logistics  

1944-1966 

Aviation Plant Number 
475 

Facility 

1944-1966 

People’s Commissariat 

Administrator 

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of Aviation Industry 

1946-2009 

103

rd

 Guardian 

Military Transport 
Regiment (15401 
Military Unit, also 
numbered as 101, 31, 
214 regiment) 

Ił-76M, An-12, 
Li-2, Ił-14, An-
24, An-26, 
Douglas DC-3 

1951-1990 

401

st 

Interceptor 

Regiment 

MiG-23P 

1951-1991 

871

st

 Interceptor 

Regiment 

MiG-23, Su-27 

1966-1974 

Smolensk Machine 
Building Plant 

Facility 

1974-1993 

Smolensk Aviation 
Plant 

Facility 

1975-2009 

Military Repair Plant 

Part of 103

rd

 

GMTR 

1993-today  Smolensk Aviation 

Plant Joint Stock Co. 

Facility 

2009-today  216

th

 Airfield 

Command  

Administrator 

2009-today  Russian Air Transport 

Command 

Ił-76 and An-12 
storage 

 

 Now a day Smolensk Air Base serves about two 

military aircraft per month, which is necessary minimum 
for functioning of Smolensk area military unit’s logistic 
system, as well as the airport itself. There are about 50 
people employed in the airfield, whose duties are 
maintenance of the airfield operational and securing of its 
area. Currently the airfield does not have a fence, but 
facility, storage ramp and hangars, as well as several 

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another military buildings are fenced and guarded – must 
say, that soldiers are very aggressive. 
 

The main function of the airfield is storage of the 

28 Ił-76 aircraft, former Russian Air Force and Aeroflot, 
as well as one An-12 transport plane. There is also 
Aviation Plant in Smolensk, located closely near the 
airport and even bigger than whole air base. The lion’s 
share of SAP production however in transported rather 
by land, than airborne, for the reason that these cover 
generally not aircraft but parts and systems produced for 
Yakovlev, Moscow and Aviacor, Samara. Currently only 
Sukhoi Su-38 are produced series, but with low rate. 
Sometimes nevertheless new Su-38 agricultural aircraft 
gets airborne from Smolensk – frequently for test flights.  
 

Polish Air Force uses Smolensk Air Base since 

the late 90

th

, when during the presidency of Mr 

Aleksander Kwasniewski, who started visiting Katyn, 

while just the once arrived… alcoholic intoxicated to the 
degree that, the close security officers had to support 
him, when putting candles and wreaths, but after he had 
genuflected, he lots his balance and felt the ground.  

Source 

Date 

Runway 
Direction 

Magnetic 
Clination 
(east) 

Original Russian 
Approach Charts 

2004 

261

+6 

Charts used by PLF-
101 and PLF-044 

2005 

259

+7 

MAK official 
preliminary report 

2010 

259

N/A 

MAK schema  

2010 

259

+7 

Reality 

2010 

257,8

o

+8,2 

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From the time, when first Polish Air Force Yak-

40 touched down Smolensk Airbase it did not changed to 
a large extent – if even, for the worse.  

Source 
 

 

Existing condition of the airfield, as well as its 

dated condition during PLF-101 approach and missed go-
around, is the best emitted by the airfield’s 
documentation, including approach charts. It is clearly 
visible, that the airport equipment had been maintaining 
the same status quo for many years. Approach charts had 
been printed about 20 years ago and not have been 
changed, which resulted in significant flight safety 

deterioration. 
The typical 
example is 
runway 
direction, a 
magnetic 
direction, which 
depends of 
changeable 
magnetic 
declination rate.          
 
 

A table 

above shows 
only several 
numbers, but if 
we analyse it 
from a flight 

safety standpoint we will have to be in alarm. Please 
notice that if in situation of instrument approach the 

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direction of the runway that an aircraft is flaying is 
incorrect, it will crash. 
 

There was incorrect course for 47 years in the 

charts or the current announced runway destination is 
mistaken.  
 

What is a magnetic declination? When we take a 

compass to our hands we do not really see the north, it 
shows of course the North Pole, but not the same, that is 
marked on a map, on globe model or by Google Earth. 
Your compass every time will indicate another north pole 
– magnetic one, in contrast with geographic.  
 

Other words there are two north poles – 

geographic, the same for ages and magnetic, changing 
every second.  
A schema on the left, source: 

http://www.compassdude.com/compass-declination.shtml

 

shows how the magnetic pole changing in last 110 years 
did. 
However, the only pole drift is not the one problem. 
Earth as a natural object, not like all the artificial thinks 
seeks to disorder. That is why in contrast of invented by 
the Portuguese meridians, which as longitude lines, 

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indicate magnetic pole, real Earth electromagnetic field 
line, indicating magnetic pole are not straight lines, but 
rather curves. That is why also magnetic declination is 
irregular – a line connecting points of the same 
declination rate is named isoclinic line, and is on of the 
simplest and most important in aviation utilities 
concerning earth magnetism.     
 

So what is the problem in Smolensk? Please 

imagine that you stay in a circle, looking forward, your 
nose indicates 0, but to perform about face (to the right) 
you must turn off 180o to the right. If you would like to 
make half of about face – you should turn on 90o, 1/3 on 
60

o

, 1,5 on 270

o

. The same turnings refer to a compass 

needle. It is widely accepted, that on a compass dial the 
north is marked by the 0

o

, south by 180

o

, east by 90

o

, and 

west by 270

o

, northeast – 45

o

, southeast – 135

o

southwest – 225

o

, northwest 315

o

 

Magnetic direction in aviation, naval navigation 

and in the written rules of Islamic mosques construction 
is a basic utility.  
 

PLF-101 started final approach flying on the 

(extended of course) runway centreline, with direction 
259

o

. Please notice, that this direction is situated on the 

compass dial between         
West (270

o

) and southwest (225

o

), so it is possible to 

state undamagingly, that they were flying from the east to 
the west. Of course before they started approach the had 
to turn back in the pattern, as their enroute course was 
from the west (Poland) to the east (Russia). 
 

However the runway direction, which is one of 

the basic indications for the autopilot, strictly speaking 
by Flight Management System. It is not difficult to 

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calculate, how serious would be even 1o deviation on 
10,4km final. 
 

The line drew for a degree from the centreline, 

and started in distance of 10,4 from the threshold, and up 
to a point equal to the threshold, will be as length, as 
indicates sinus of 1

o

 angle. Using cotangents, we see that: 

 

 

X- summary deviation from the course 

 

 

A- opposite 

 

 

55,29 – cot. 1

o  

 

 

10,4/55,29 = 0,19 [km] = 190m.  

 

Deviation of 190m would be killable for the 

aircraft. According to google earth Smolensk, runway 
width reaches 49m at threshold. Therefore, the maximal 
safety deviation for Tu-154M is only 15m!  
 

    

Course 
deviation [

o

0,1 

0,2 

0,5 

Deviation to 
the side [m] 

18,1  36,2  90,6  190  363  526  727  910 

 
 

Please notice, that even 0,1 degree deviation will 

make the aircraft out of the runway.  
 

Maximal safety course deviation estimates 0,083

o

The maximal safety deviation for Tu-154M at Smolensk-
North can estimate 2,306

-4 

of a circle. 

  

Under this environment Russians easiness in 

magnetic direction, (course) calculating is horrific, and 
clearly shows what is the condition of Russian Air Force, 
as well as the Smolensk-North Air Base. However, it is 
not only a sin of Russians. Also Polish government, Air 
Force, and president’s contributors are guilty, because 
they sent old, 100-tones weight Russian aircraft, to an 
airfield, with unprecedented in a history of world aviation 
sloppiness concerning airport documentation.  

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The Smolensk Approach Charts printed in 2004, 

had a runway direction and magnetic declination 
parameters dated on 1960-1965. There is also a 
possibility, that the declination parameter had not been 
updated for only 20 years. It is not able to detect, because 
the mess, which became documentation self-conflicted.  
 

Please notice, that if 2004 runway direction stays 

in a bind with declination, as well as in 2005, how is it 
possible that declination changed 1 degree and direction 
2 degrees? Which chart has an error? Is it possible, that 
an error had been in a copy-passed method 
documentation making process overlooked for 20 or even 
50 years?  
 

According to MAK, current magnetic declination 

is not less, and not more, than 7 degrees, runway 
direction not less, not more, than 259 degrees.           
 

This data is also incorrect, according to all the 

magnetic declination calculators and maps known by 
Google and me. Smolensk declination is not less, not 
more than 8,2 degrees, so the only correct runway course 
can be 258 degrees, or there is a local deviation, another 
than commonly known. It however is not impossible, 
because the British Navy, with perfect cartography, does 
not know anything about the local declination deviation.  
 

It probably did not have any influence on the 

catastrophe, because the aircraft deviated to the left, in 
contrast to right-deviating runway direction 
incorrectness. Nevertheless also, this problem should be 
described to show a scale of mess in Russian Air Force 
and in MAK, which is not even able to find runway 
direction, basic parameter for any landing operation, not 
conflicted with reality.  

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Moreover on the 19

th

 of May 2010 MAK stated 

that Actual aero navigation data of the airport Smolensk-
North the crew did not have”. 
On approach charts from 
2010 all the data are strictly confirmed by materials on 
MAK and by transcripts of CVR, which clearly indicates, 
that the crew had the same data, that stated by MAK. So 
what kind of out-of-date did MAK detect? Probably this 
statement of MAK is also a lay, covering the mess or 
manslaughter, and if it does not put into question their 
goodwill, it means, that MAK is unprofessional 
organization.  
 

It is also necessary to state, that approach charts 

received by PLF-101 crew had been sent from Russia in 
2006 by fax and seem to be unreadable. Moreover both 
on the charts from 2004 and 2005 (sent in 2006) there are 
many disqualifying typographical errors.  
 

 

 

Airport Equipment Efficiency 

 

  

1. 

Precision Approach Radar

 – RSP-6 was available 

and serviceable.  

2. 

Outer NDB

 – was available and serviceable.  

3. 

Inner NDB

 – Available, sending signals, but out 

of incorrect angle indicating. According to 
Interstate Aviation According MAK during the 
test flight on the 16

th

 of  March 2010 there was a 

number of objections concerning radio equipment 
of the runway direction 259. Moreover in relation 
to Lt. Artur Wosztyl, Pilot-In-Command of PLF-
044, who successfully landed at Smolensk before 
the PLF-101: 

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a.  Continuity of signalization was not 

maintained, the beacon was braking off.  

b.  There were hesitations in direction 

indication more than maximal limited.  

c.  The beacon suddenly indicated direction 

of 10 degrees to the right.  

d.  The distance between beacons could be 

different, that specified.  

4. 

Approach lights

 - situated three exemplars every 

100m on the extended centreline, from the inner 
beacon to the threshold (21 lamps yellow color), 
during PLF-101 approach overgrown by bush and 
trees, not visible from the air.  

5. 

Horizon lights 

– 500m from the threshold, 13-15 

pieces, unserviceable due to a lack of bulbs, 
installed after the catastrophe, which is confirmed 
by the photos of Belarusian journalist.  

6. 

Runway lights

 – Orange, according to MAK 

during a test flight on the 16

th

 of March there 

were objections concerning runway light 
equipment. From this time any light repair had 
not been performed, because also other light were 
not operational.   

7. 

APM- 90

 – Reflectors situated 50-200m from the 

threshold, but lighting to the runway, so not 
useful in the fog, were lights directed to the side 
of aircraft would be useful.   

 

 

 

This is clearly evidenced, that equipment of 

Smolensk XUBS Air Base on the 10

th

 of April was not 

sufficient for Tu-154M aircraft to land safety. It was a 
duty of Lt.-Col. Pavel Plusnin, ATC supervisor, airport 

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commander that time, the highest rank officer on the 
airport and TWR controller (dispatcher), to immediately 
close the airport due to the weather conditions and 
redirect PLF-101 to another airfield. Pilot-In-Command 
of PLF-101 should not make approach, knowing that the 
conditions are not enough. Crewmembers should not 
confirm with the PIC and propose him to change the 
decision. The Pilot-In-Command of PLF-044, Lt. Artur 
Wosztyl is in great part responsible, alack, for the 
catastrophe, because he had been persuading PLF-101 
crew to make more than one approach.  
 

The airfield should be checked by Polish services 

before the flight, however it was not. The PLF-101 
should not receive permission for take-off from the 
orderly-officer of the regiment.  
 

Belarusian Air Traffic Control should rather 

suggest PLF-101 to direct on Vitebsk, instead of ASKIL, 
although it was not their legal duty, and any allegation 
should not be expressed.  
 

However if the air disaster factor or case was a 

technical fault or assassination/sabotage the aircraft 
would crash even in Vitebsk or Minsk, so decisions 
above did not have any influence.  
    

      

 

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Russian officers screwing light bulbs in the airport approach lights 
after the air disaster. Photo: Serge Serebro, Vitebsk Popular 
News.  

 

Russian officers connecting approach lights to power source, after 
the air disaster, to be the lights available due to airport examining 
technical flight. Photo: Serge Serebro, Vitebsk Popular News.  
 

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Approach Charts 

 

 

There are two versions of Smolensk Approach 

Charts, so documents similar to so-could Jepessen Charts 
– schemas helping pilots with navigation, delivering all 
the necessary information concerning airfield layout, 
equipment and organization of the air traffic in the 
control area.  
 

Smolensk approach charts had been prepared by 

Soviet Air Force and then actualized incorrectly in 2005 
by Russian Air Force. Then approach charts were re-
actualized, also incorrectly in 2006. Charts of 2006, sent 
via fax to the 36

th

 Regiment have been used by Polish Air 

Force during flights to Smolensk, last time in 2009. 

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Chart 2006 
 

 

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Chart 2005

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This is runway 259 approach chart to Smolensk 

Air Base. Package of Smolensk navigation data consists 
of 5 pages of charts. Probably charts were of course 
much more readable and visible, but after copied in 
Poland quality decreased.  
 

There is possible to detect, that from Belarus (on 

the left of the chart) an aircraft from position ASKIL – 
AirNav point over Russo-Belarusian border, should fly 
with direction of 41 deg. 70 km. than on an altitude of 
700m over the runway level, enter the pattern, turning 
right to course of 79 deg. than perform a downwind 
flying on parallel of the runway centreline.  
 

After reaching precision described point aircraft 

should turn right performing turning number 3. After this 
moment with course of 169 deg. fly on base, 
perpendicular to the centreline. After base performing 
just before point of crossing of the centreline, aircraft 
performs 4

th

 turning to be on final. During the final 

approach from altitude of 500m aircraft starts descending 
with angle of about 2,66 deg., so with descending rate of 
about 3,5 m/s. On approach started in distance of 10,4km 
aircraft on altitude of 300m outer marker NDB should be 
passed. than on descending pilot on the level of 100m 
over the runway checks if the ground or runway lights 
are visible. If not perform go around, ascending back to 
500m.  
 

If the pilot on the level of 100m, so-could 

decision level is able to see surface, he should continue 
approach through inner marker, which he has to pass on a 
level of 70m. After this moment he is flying over 
approach lights – one light section every 100m.  
 

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(CAUTION: Please do not use any 

of the charts presented here for real 
navigation or in flight planning 
process).  
 

However in Smolensk this lights were unavailable 

– there were hidden in bush and there was no bulbs in 
some lamps.  
 

Flying over the threshold on correct level of 20m, 

above the runway pilot should stabilize the aircraft and 
little pull up, to carry out touch down gently.  
 

Another approach chart is older than first on a 

year. Please notice, that the runway 261 in a year 
transferred into runway 259. Chart with 269 is older one. 
 

However direction of flight from ASKIL and 

entering of the pattern did not change. By some miracle 
all other changed.  
 

On this chart many airport data is visible. 

Transition level 1500m. Entering the glideslope on final 
in distance of 10,41km.  
 

I the upper left corner magnetic declination is 

visible, printed in a form of two vectors.  
 

However there are many differences, for example 

concerning decision level: 70m in 2005, 100m in 2007.  
 

 

 

PLF-101 charts 

 

 

According to MAK, 10.000 pages of 

documentation including charts of navigation aids set 
Jepessen
 were present on the board.  
 

MAK however also stated that: Actual 

navigational data of aerodrome Smolensk North crew did 

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not posses. It is very interesting, because farther question 
appears. What, therefore, navigational data did crew 
have?  

Data 

PLF-
101 

2005 
charts 

2006 
charts 

Enter of the 
pattern 

1000m  500m 

700m 

Runway 
direction 

259 

261 

259 

Magnetic 
declination 

(8,2)  5 

Decision 
level 

100m 

70m 

100m 

  
 Because an altitude of enter of 1000m was a mistake off 
the ATC, which to late requested descending, it means, 
that probably crew really received charts from 2006.  
 
The chart above indicates, what are the minimums of 
Smolensk, as well as frequencies of the beacons. For 
every aircraft landing at Smolensk it is possible to carry 
out landing when there is a visibility of 1000m and cloud 
base of 50m. It means, that Tu-154M pilot was able to 
touch down and continue approach if on decision level of 
100m grounds was visible.  
 

Behaviour of the PLF-101 crew, so performing 

approach to decision level of 100m, under weather 
conditions much below the minimums was blameworthy, 
however did not bring a danger, because the altitude of 
100m is safety. According to law, pilots were able to 
carry out approach - they did not break any rules.  

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However under those conditions ATC duty was to 

close the airport due to weather conditions, cease 
operations and redirect PLF-101 to another destination – 
alternative airport. ATC broken rules and their behaviour 
was illegal.  
 

In situation of closed airport (airfield) PIC has not 

possibility to perform approach and should fly 
somewhere else. His alternatives are included in the 
flight plan.   
 

One thing more to the approach charts: there is no 

a possibility to bring out an air disaster giving pilots 
wrong charts. For example according to Mr Witold 
Michalowski, quoted on the beginning of the book, crew 
of Gen. Lebied’s helicopter was not familiar with the 
terrain and received wrong charts. In the valley, when 
that catastrophe took place, there is a permanent fog on 
the season similar, due to specific air circulation in 
Siberian mountains.  
 

Pilots of Lebied’s helicopter in the fog, using 

wrong charts should crash, because of the energetic lines’ 
layout, marked wrongly on the charts. There was no 
possibility to do not contact the high-voltage cables.  
 

There are some analogies to PLF-101, because of 

the fog, energetic lines, contacted in both situations and  
kinds of problem with the charts. However PLF-101 crew 
was familiar with the terrain. Circumstances of the air 
disaster indicate, that PLF-101 catastrophe had not been 
cased by wrong charts – nothing indicates charts as a 
factor.   
 
 
 

             

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3.10 Flight recorder, do not open! Enregistreur de vol, 

ne pas ouvrir! 

 

 

“Flight recorder. Do not open! Enregistreur de 

vol. Ne pas ouvrir!” – it is a typical inscription on every 
orange device called “black box”.    
 

Currently Flight Data Recorders and Cockpit 

Voice Recorders are required equipment off all passenger 
aircraft in the world. Polish Air Force 101 as passenger 
aircraft also was equipped with Flight Recorders. 
Unfortunately only one of these, a Polish Quick Access 
Receiver was present-day device – both of other were 
factory-installed recorders. All the equipment looks like 
follows: 

http://www.npw.gov.pl/491-4a112b267c50b-

20256-p_1.htm

  

1.  Flight Data Recorder type MSRP-64M-6, (s/n 

90969).   

2.  Cockpit Voice Recorder MARS-BM, probably 

with tape 9A11 and OL-4 container, but it is 
unknown if these are Polish, Russian or NATO 
marks, as well as whether there was another kind 
of tape.  

3.  Polish Digital Quick Access Recorder - ATM-

QAR/R128ENC. 

4.  Russian Quick Access Recorder – KBN-1-1. 
5.  FMS/GNSS interior navigation data recorder. 
6.  TAWS data recorder. 
7.  Another exploitation recorder.  
8.  Recorders used for training, probably TV recorder 

(unconfirmed if installed). 

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9.  Recorders installed by the Military 

Counterintelligence Service (unconfirmed if 
installed)/ 

10. Maybe also listen-in devices installed unofficially 

by the Russians (according to Mr Gene P and 
Capt. Nikolay Vasylenko). 

11. Maybe also anty-listen-in devices installed 

unofficially by MCS (according only to Capt. 
Nikolay Vasylenko).      

 
 

To be able to correctly understand form and 

content of the CVR Transcripts is necessary to examine 
their way before there was a possibility to prepare 
transcripts and calculations of the flight data recording.  
 

According to Mr Edmund Klich 

(

http://zbigniewkozak.pl/?p=1220

) Polish experts team 

landed at Smolensk at 20:00 local time on the 10

th

 of 

April, 9 hours after the air disaster.  
 

 All the recorders were found about 14:00, so 

before arriving of Polish experts.  

http://www.newsweek.pl/artykuly/sekcje/polska/znalezio
no-czarne-skrzynki-prezydenckiego-tu-154,56504,1

 

http://www.pomorska.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/201
00410/KRAJSWIAT/15874245

 

 

To this time both black boxes were hold by 

Russians, who received 6 hours to check and modify 
their recordings.  
 

Direct evidence, that the black boxes had been 

that time opened by Russians is the fact tape of cockpit 
voice recording was moved in the black box, which never 
had happened before in any Tu-154M air disaster. 
 

http://gazetapolska.pl/artykuly/kategoria/54/3490

 

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Moreover Russians stopped Polish delegation for 

about 2 hours, according to the same Mr Klich’s words, 
due to some formal and legal procedures.  
 

After this procedures black boxes were 

immediately shown Polish delegation. There should not 
be any traces of opening, because removing and 
installing a void again is very simple.  
 

Legal procedure in Smolensk was not necessary, 

because next Polish plane’s passengers, that landed the 
same day in Vitebsk, Belarus, also without visas, did not 
undergo any legal procedures although they did not have 
not only Russian, but also Belarusian visas.  
 
 
 

The CVR transcripts 

 
10:02:48,6-10:02:50,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:02:51,3-10:02:54,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:02:54,6-10:02:56,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:02:59,2-10:03:00,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:03:08,1-10:03:11,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:03:12,1-10:03:15,6 Navigator: (unread) across the 
great water… (PL) 
 
10:03:17,4-10:03:19,7 Navigator: (unread) commander 
said. (PL) 

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10:03:20,1-10:03:21,8 Co-pilot: (unread) across the great 
water... (PL) 
 
10:03:22,4-10:03:25,0 Co-pilot: (unread) across the great 
water on a four-stars general. (PL) 
 
10:03:30,8-10:03:35,2 Co-pilot: And now he is so 
humping off, because he has to fly 40 hours yet.  (PL) 
In Polish Air Force every pilot, including generals has 
to fly no less than 40 hours per year, to maintain his 
license.  
 
 
10:03:35,8-10:03:43,9 Co-pilot: No, if he can’t, you 
know, he pisses off to Poznan. (PL)  
The biggest Polish Air Force Base is situated in 
Poznan-Krzesiny. Inter alia 32 Polish F-16 Fighting 
Falcon operate from Krzesiny Air Force Base.  
 
10:03:47,0-10:03:54,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:03:54,1-10:04:01,3 Anonym: And at the end of career, 
surely (unread) for adequate (unread) (PL) 
 
10:04:02,4-10:04:09,7 ATC: DHS contact Minsk 118 
correction 120,125. (ENG) 
 
10:04:04,1-10:04:09,6 Anonym: (unread) the commander 
didn’t know (unread) (PL) 
 
10:04:11,4-10:04:14,8 Anonym: It will be... macabre 
will. Nothing will be visible. (PL) 

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10:04:15,4-10:04:18,6 ATC: DCMHS (ENG) 
 
10:04:16,7-10:04:17,2 Co-pilot: Cargo. (PL/ENG) 
 
10:04:19,7-10:04:34,2 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:04:29,6-10:04:32,2 ATC: DCMHS (ENG) 
 
10:04:33,1-10:04:34,2 DCMHS: Go ahead! (ENG)  
 
10:04:34,3-10:04:36,8 ATC: Contact Minsk 120,125. 
(ENG) 
Please notice a little mistake off Belarusian Air Traffic 
Controller in a dialog above.  
DCMHS plane is not awn by any airline, that is why 
Co-pilot stated, that it is a cargo plane. 
 
 
10:04:39,1-10:04:43,0 DCMHS: Minsk 120,125, 
DCMHS, good bye. (ENG)  
 
10:04:43,5-10:04:44,3 ATC: Bye. (ENG) 
 
10:04:49,1-10:04:56,9 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:04:57-10:04:58,9 Co-pilot: Exactly no, he earned 
nothing extra. (PL) 
 
10:04:58,8 -10:05:06,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:05:58,8-10:06:03,9 ATC: Polish Air Force 101, 
contact Minsk 118,975. (ENG) 

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That is a moment when PLF-101 crosses one Belarus 
Area Control Zone and enters another, on different 
frequency, where will be guided by another Belarusian 
controller. 
 
 
10:06:05,0 -10:06:09,7 Navigator: 118,975, Polish Air 
Force 101, thank you, good day. (ENG) 
During VIP or long oversea flights in Tu-154M there is 
also a fourth crew member – a navigator. Please notice 
that during this flight navigator was communicating 
with Air Traffic Control (in English language).   
 
 
10:06:09,9 -10:06:10,6 ATC: Bye. (ENG) 
 
10:06:11,1-10:06:12,7 Co-pilot: "Do svidaniya" they say. 
(PL) 
Do svidaniya means in Russian language goodbye.  
 
10:06:12,7-10:06:14,2 Navigator: Well I don’t know if it 
is “do svidaniya” or…(PL) 
 
10:06:14,2-10:06:14,6 Co-pilot: Or how? (PL) 
 
10:06:14,5-10:06:16,3 Navigator: I wouldn’t agree… 
(PL) 
 
10:06:16,3-10:06:17,3 Co-pilot: "Dobroye ranietso”. 
(BL) 
Dobroye ranietso means good day in Belarusian 
language. 
 
 
10:06:18,5 -10:06:21,8 Co-pilot: Tell like this, we’ll see 

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if he’ll understand (laugh) (PL). 
 
10:06:27,0-10:06:28,8 Co-pilot: “Dobroye ranietso”. 
(BL) 
 
10:06:31,6-10:06:37,7 Navigator: Minsk-Control, Polish 
Air Force 1-0-1, Dobroye ranietso, FL 3-3-0, over Minsk. 
(ENG, BL) 
 
10:06:38,6 -10:06:44,3 ATC: Polish Air Force 1-0-1, 
Minsk-Control, dobriy… dobriy dien, Radar Contact. 
(ENG, RUS) 
Dobriy dien means in Russian language good day or 
good morning. Please notice, that Belarusian Air 
Traffic Controller rather preferred to speak Russian 
than Belarusian. All the other communication with 
PLF-101 is carried out in English language.  
 
 
10:06:45,3 -10:06:49,6 Co-pilot (laugh) I said (unread) 
(PL) 
 
10:06:49,1-10:06:54,8 ATC: Aeroflot 141 work on 
Minsk-Kontrol 133,425.(RUS) 
Pleas notice that Russian and Belarusian aircraft 
communicate with Air Traffic Control in Russian 
language.   
 
10:06:55,5-10:06:57,7 Co-pilot: What? Of course not! 
(PL) 
 
10:06:56,2-10:06:59,6 141: 133,425 repeat. (RUS) 

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This frequency was incorrect, that is why Aeroflot asked 
Air Traffic Controller to repeat.  
 
10:06:57,6-10:06:59,1 Pilot-In-Command: Jasiek asked 
him. (PL) 
 
10:06:59,1-10:06:59,3 Co-pilot: What? (PL) 
 
10:06:59,7-10:07:00,9 ATC: Correctly? (RUS) 
 
10:07:01,2 -10:07:02,5 Pilot-In-Command: Jasiek asked 
him. (PL) 
 
10:07:01,5-10:07:05,4 141: 33,425 thank you, goodbye, 
Aeroflot 141. (RUS)  
Incorrect frequency was confirmed by Aeroflot crew.  
 
10:07:02,5-10:07:04,2 Anonym: (unread) thee. (PL) 
 
10:07:07,1-10:07:12,0 ATC: Polish Air Force 1-0-1, 
what FL are you going to  
reach to ASKIL? (ENG) 
ASKIl is an AirNav point situated on the airway over 
Belarusian-Russian border. Because Smolensk Air 
Base (XUBS) is located only about 45 miles from 
ASKIL point, PLF-101 had to start descending before 
passing ASKIl. That is why Air Traffic Controller was 
asking the crew of PLF-101, to what flight level (FL) 
they had been planning to descent through this point.     
 
10:07:08,4-10:07:10,1 Anonym: (unread).  
 

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10:07:12,1-10:07:13,6 Anonym: Three thousand nine 
hundred. (ENG)  
 
10:07:14,1-10:07:16,8 Navigator: 3900 Polish Air Force 
1-0-1. (ENG)  
Flight level in meters.  
 
10:07:16,9-10:07:17,6 ATC: OK. (ENG) 
 
10:07:17,8-10:07:19,7 ATC: Report when ready for 
descent. (ENG) 
 
10:07:20,5-10:07:21,1 Navigator: Yeah. (ENG) 
 
10:07:29,3-10:07:33,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:07:34,6-10:07:35,6 Co-pilot: Of course. (PL)  
 
10:07:37,3-10:07:45 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:07:48,5-10:07:49,2 Co-pilot: Good. (PL) 
 
10:07:49,3-10:07:50,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:07:54,4-10:07:56,3 Co-pilot: Give the next. (PL) 
 
10:07:56,3-10:07:59,7 Anonym (unread) 
 
10:07:59,4-10:08:01,2 141: Minsk - Aeroflot 141. (RUS)  
 
10:08:02,1-10:08:05,5 ATC: I perhaps mistakenly 
133,55. (RUS) 

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Air Traffic Controller corrected his previous mistake 
concerning radio frequency.    
 
10:08:06,1-10:08:09,9 141: 133,55 with Vilnius see you, 
thank you. (RUS) 
 
10:08:32,7-10:08:34 Co-pilot: Have you decided? (PL) 
 
10:08:33,9-10:08:36 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:08:36-10:08:36,4 Co-pilot: What? (PL) 
 
10:08:36,4-10:08:39 Anonym (unread): Michalak. (PL) 
 
10:08:39-10:08:39,9 Co-pilot: You know. (PL) 
 
10:08:40,9-10:08:42,7 Co-pilot: You know what just will 
be. (unread) (PL) 
 
10:08:42,6-10:08:43,5 Co-pilot: Perfectly. (PL) 
 
10:08:43,8-10:08:49 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:08:48,9-10:08:50,9 Co-pilot: You know what? (PL)  
 
10:08:52,5-10:08:53,7 Pilot-In-Command: Okay. 
(PL/ENG) 
 
10:08:55,3-10:08:56,7 Co-pilot: (unread). 
 
10:09:17,0-10:09:20,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 

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10:09:22,1-10:09:26,3 Navigator: Minsk-Control, PLF, 
Polish Air Force 1-0-1, ready for descent. (ENG)  
PLF-101 started descending.  
 
10:09:27,0-10:09:34,2 ATC: Polish Air Force 1-0-1, now 
descent to FL 3900 meters. (ENG) 
Formal descent command of Air Traffic Control.  
 
10:09:35,7-10:09:40,1 Navigator: Descending to FL 3900 
meters, Polish Air Force 1-0-1. (ENG) 
 
10:09:40,7-10:09:41,5 Pilot-In-Command: Little gas. 
(PL) 
Little gas is the lowest engines working power. In Tu-
154M it is suggested to add little gas every time before 
descent, due to incontrollable speed increasing risk, 
during descent with high or medium engines power.  
 
10:09:41,7-10:09:42,4 Air engineer: Little gas. (PL) 
 
10:09:47,3-10:09:48,1 Pilot-In-Command: And WN-s. 
(PL) 
WN-s refer to an anti-ice installation – devices 
protecting every passenger aircraft against icing. 
Should be applied before descending.  
 
 
10:09:48-10:09:49,2 Air engineer: WN-s on. (PL) 
 
10:09:49,6-10:09:51,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:09:52:2-10:09:53,1 Navigator: Can I have the card? 
(PL) 

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Probably an Approach Chart  or a Check-list.  
 
10:09:53,1-10:09:54 Pilot-In-Command: Here you are. 
(PL) 
 
10:09:54-10:09:55,2 Navigator: Procedure? (PL) 
Landing procedure.  
 
10:09:56-10:09:57,4 Pilot-In-Command: Unknown yet. 
(PL) 
 
10:09:57,4-10:09:59,3 Navigator: Landing data? (PL) 
 
10:09:59,3-10:10:00,6 Co-pilot: Partly entered. (PL) 
 
10:10:00,5-10:10:06,2 Navigator: TKS. We have a 
course of 72, type of work GPK. (PL) 
TKS is a kind of compass showing direction using 
gyroscopic direction indicator, so could gyro-compass 
(in western aircraft replaced by Inertial Navigation 
System). TKS is also comparable with automatic 
direction indicator (radio-compass), showing direction 
of a beacon. GPK is a type of work, which should be 
applied enroute. 72 was than aircraft direction. 
 
 
10:10:06-10:10:07,8 Anonym: (unread). 
 
10:10:07,2-10:10:10,3 Navigator: RW, RW signal? (PL) 
RW signal is a sound signal of radio-altimeter, set on 
some altitude. This signal informs about a decision 
altitude – here: 100 meters.  
 
 

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10:10:10,6-10:10:11,9 Pilot-In-Command: 100 meters. 
(PL) 
 
10:10:12,1-10:10:14 Pilot-In-Command: Runway 
direction for a little moment. (PL)  
 
10:10:13,9-10:10:15 Navigator: Fuel? (PL)  
 
10:10:14,9-10:10:16,8 Co-pilot: About 11 tones to 
landing. (PL) 
 
10:10:15,1-10:10:23,7 1958: Good morning, Minsk-
Kontrol Belavia 19-58. I’m on course of  085, climbing 
level 190, signed 9-100 . (RUS) 
Belarusian aircraft contacts Minsk Air Traffic Control.  
 
10:10:16,8-10:10:17,9 Air engineer: I confirm. (PL) 
Air engineer confirmed level of fuel.  
 
10:10:19,3-10:10:20,6 Co-pilot: Ok, we don’t set yet. 
(PL)  
 
10:10:21,1-10:10:23,2 Pilot-In-Command: We will set 2-
5-9 from the other side. (PL) 
 
10:10:23,9-10:10:31,8 ATC: Belarusian 19- 85... 58, 
Minsk-Kontrol. Good morning, secondary control, on the 
changed course continue climbing 7500 meters. (RUS) 
Classical lapsus lingua of Belarusian controller – he 
said 19-85 instead of 19-58 

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10:10:31,9-10:10:36,4 1958: On changed  course 7500 
meters climbing, 19-58. (RUS) 
10:10:37,3-10:10:39,3 Navigator: (unread).  
 
10:10:40,6-10:10:41,6 PIC: Not to worry. (PL) 
Probably commenting mistake off the controller.  
 
10:10:41,7-10:10:42,5 Navigator: Yes. (PL)  
 
10:10:45,6-10:10:48,2 PIC: Runway course 2-5-9 is set. 
(PL) 
 
10:10:47,8-10:10:48,9 Co-pilot: I’ve also. (PL) 
 
10:10:48,9-10:10:50,3 Co-pilot: I’ve also.. (PL) 
 
10:10:51,3-10:10:52,7 Co-pilot: I’ve also got alike. (PL) 
 
10:11:01,5-10:11:05,0 Co-pilot: Oh, not so bad, the 
ground I can see… Something I can see… Maybe there 
won’t be a tragedy… (PL) 
Surface had been  visible that moment. But sun after 
this words there was a tragedy. 
 
 
10:11:07,2-10:11:08,7 Co-pilot: Do you have anything 
for writing? (PL) 
 
10:11:10-10:11:11,8 Navigator: Yes, I have. (PL) 
 
10:11:16,7-10:11:19,2 Co-pilot: So what? Let’s prefer 
gradually. (PL) 

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10:11:22,1-10:11:25 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:11:23,2-10:11:29,2 ATC: German Cargo 5-1-0, 
contact Moscow on 128,8. (ENG) 
 
10:11:29,5-10:11:34,2 Anonym: Today course, 
temperature, pressure, (niezr). (PL) 
 
10:11:30,2-10:11:33,1 510: 128,8, German-Cargo 5-1-0, 
bye-bye. (ENG) 
 
10:11:33,4-10:11:34,0 ATC: Bye. (ENG)  
 
10:11:34,7-10:11:36,3 Navigator: Can I have pressure 
and temperature else? (PL) 
 
10:11:36,5-10:11:37,9 Co-pilot: How do I know 
(unread)?  (PL) 
 
10:11:38,5-10:11:42,7 Co-pilot: I don’t know. No, say 
what’s the temperature. Freeezing! (laugh). (PL) 
 
10:11:43,6-10:11:45,9 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:11:46,3-10:11:48,7 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:11:50,8-10:11:51,7 Co-pilot: Freeeezing! (PL) 
 
10:11:51,3-10:11:52,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:11:52,1-10:11:52,7 Co-pilot: No. (PL) 

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Probably concerning a statement of co-pilot.  
 
10:12:17,1-10:12:19,1 Co-pilot: (unread) Isn’t it? (PL) 
 
10:12:19,9-10:12:20,6 Pilot-In-Command: No. (PL) 
 
10:12:20,7-10:12:22,6 Co-pilot: Can we still see? (PL) 
 
10:12:22,3-10:12:27,0 ATC: Belarusian 9-58, on the 
changed course continue climbing 9100. (RUS)  
 
10:12:27,9-10:12:33,2 1958: On course 0-85, we 
continue climbing 9100, Belavia 19-58. (RUS)  
 
10:12:28,9-10:12:31,1 Co-pilot: (With gaining to nine, 
isn’t it?)/ (With gaining to nine hundred, isn’t it?). (PL)  
Asking about Air Traffic Communication.  
 
10:12:31,7-10:12:33,2 Pilot-In-Command: To 9100. (PL) 
 
10:13:10,1-10:13:13,0 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:13:28,6-10:13:30,1 Co-pilot: How money? (PL) 
 
10:13:30,2-10:13:32,6 Anonym: 2-5-2. (PL) 
252 is a runway level above the sea in meters at 
Smolensk (XUBS). 
 
 
10:13:33,5-10:13:35,7 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:13:35,6-10:13:37,3 Flight Attendant: Did not say that 
me? (PL) 

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10:13:37,6-10:13:39,1 Anonym: (10 hours). (PL) 
 
10:13:39,1-10:13:42,6 Pilot-In-Command: No, Basia 
(unread) 
To flight attendant (Barbara Maciejczyk, diminutive 
Basia) 
 
 
10:13:50,2-10:13:59,0 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:14:06,5-10:14:21,9 ATC: Polish 1-0... Polish Air 
Force 1-0-1, for information at 06:11 Smolensk visibility 
400 meters fog. (ENG) 
A piece of information concerning weather from 6:11 
UTC, so about 3 minutes earlier – 10:11 Russian local 
time, 8:11 according to the time in Poland.  
400 meters is about 600 meters less than Tu-154M 
landing minimum. 
 
 
10:14:22,1-10:14:24,3 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:14:25,4-10: 14:27 Navigator: Roger, Polish Air Force 
1-0-1. (ENG) 
The navigator confirmed receiving and understanding 
the weather data. 
 
 
10:14:30,1-10:14:37,5 ATC: (unread) Good morning, 
taking the point RATIN on 9600 meters with change 3-4-
0. (RUS) 
 
10:14:37,8-10:14:40,2 ATC: Belarusian 19-58, course 
ASKIL. (RUS) 

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10:14:40,6-10:14:43,6 1958: Course ASKIL, we are 
climbing 9100, Belavia 19-58. (RUS) 
 
10:14:44,2-10:14:50,5 ATC: Aeroflot 258, Minsk-
Kontrol. Good morning, secondary control, SQUAWK 
51-31, with change, what level did you receive?  (RUS) 
 
10:14:50,5-10:14:53,0 285: 3-4-0, if we can Aeroflot 2-8-
5. (RUS) 
 
10:14:50,8-10:14:53,9 Navigator: (unread) 
 
10:14:53,9-10:14:54,1 Co-pilot: What? (PL) 
 
10:14:54,3-10:14:56,4 Navigator: (unread) 
 
10:14:54,9-10:14:57,6 ATC: Aeroflot 285-ty, gain 340. 
(RUS)  
 
10:14:58,6-10:15:03,1 285: I gain level 3-4-0, SQUAWK 
51-31 we set, ready for LETKI. (RUS) 
 
10:15:033-10:15:04,7 ATC: Please LETKI ahead. (RUS)  
 
10:15:05,6-10:15:08,2 285: And we head course ahead to 
LETKI, Aeroflot 2-8-5. (RUS) 
 
10:15:07,6-10:15:10,0 (Navigator): It’s not much, isn’t 
it? (PL) 
 

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10:15:11,3-10:15:13,6 Anonym: (niezr) 
 
10:15:24,5-10:15:28,8 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:15:29,2-10:15:33,2 Air engineer: We have fuel 
(unread) (PL) 
Probably stating that there was enough fuel to make an 
approach to Smolensk (XUBS) and than fly to an 
alternative airport, as a crew had planed to do.  
 
10:15:42,1-10:15:56,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:15:59,1-10:16:01,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:16:11,9-10:16:17,3 Co-pilot: Don’t you know 
(unread) what about weather in home, what? (PL) 
 
10:10:17,2-10:16:24,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:16:29,7-10:16:33,8 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:16:34,7-10:16:37,5 Co-pilot: But 10 o’clock and a 
fog? (PL) 
10 o’clock is quite late for an apogee of a fog in 
Smolensk. Usually fogs start at morning and than are 
very light around 10 at Smolensk. But usually there is a 
temperature around 8 degrees C in spring, when fogs 
appear, but that day it was only 2 degrees. Probably a 
temperature generated so strange fogging process. Yes 
or not, in Poland many people have been thought that it 
was an artificial (theatrical fog).      
 
 

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10:16:38,1-10:16:41,7 Anonym: (unread) (PL) 
 
10:16:45,6-10:16:48,5 Co-pilot: Give me that, I’ll 
transcribe, what I already gave you. (PL) 
 
10:16:48,8-10:16:52,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:16:52,9-10:16:53,5 Anonym: Once again. (PL) 
 
10:16:53,5-10:16:59,2 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:16:59,7-10:17:11,2 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:17:25,8-10:17:31,6 ATC: Aeroflot, work Minsk-
Kontrol, 120 125. (RUS) 
 
10:17:31,9-10:17:35,1 285: 120,125, all the best for you, 
Aeroflot 285. (RUS) 
 
10:17:33,9-10:l7:38,2 Pilot-In-Command: (unread) 
Basia. (PL) 
Probably the Pilot-In-Command was talking to the  
flight attendant via an interphone.  
 
10:17:40,2-10:17:43,7 Pilot-In-Command: Not 
interesting. A fog appeared,  we don’t know if we will 
land. (PL)  
 
10:17:43,6-10:17:47,6 Flight attendant: Really? (unread) 
(PL) 
 
10:18:09,2-10:18:11,4 Anonym: And if won’t land, 
what? (PL)  

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Probably the flight attendant.  
 
10:18:13,0-10:18:14,4 Pilot-In-Command: We’ll go 
around. (PL)  
 
10:18:14,2-10:18:17,1 Anonym (unread) 
 
10:18:17,2-10:18:20,4 Anonym: What information we 
already have (unread) to Warsaw? (PL) 
 
10:18:19,9-10:18:20,9 Anonym: Around seven. (PL) 
Probably the flight attendant. 
 
10:18:22,2-10:18:23,8 Anonym: How much fuel do we 
have? (PL) 
Probably the navigator. 
 
10:18:24,7-10:18:27,9 Co-pilot: We have about 13-12,5 
tones. (PL) 
 
10:18:32,1-10:18:48,9 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:18:32,3-10:18:33,3 Co-pilot: We’ll scrap by! (PL) 
 
10:18:33,3-10:18:48,2 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:18:49,1-10:18:51,9 Pilot-In-Command: Maybe he’s 
landed, maybe find out if there’s a fog. (PL). 
 
10:18:51,1-10:18,59,7 331: Minsk-Kontrol, dobriy 
raniets, Transaero 331, I approach point ASKIL, level 
9600, on change 3.2.0. (RUS) 

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Transaero airlines are one of the biggest airlines in 
Russia, joint stock company owned by gen. Tatiana 
Anodina, (head of the Interstate Aviation Committee, 
investigating cases of the catastrophe), her son and his 
wife.  
 
 
10:18:52,9-10:18,58,3 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:19:02,1-10:19,14,8 ATC: Dobroye ranietso, Transaero 
3-3-1, Minsk-Kontrol, secondary control I permit on 
course on LETKI, gain level 3-2-0, SQUAWK 51-35. 
(RUS, BL) 
 
10:19:14,0-10:19:16,0 Anonym: Remek (unread), you 
know? (PL) 
 
10:19:15,8-10:19:21,8 331: Course LETKI, gaining 3-2-
0, SQUAWK 51-35, Transaero 331. (RUS, BL) 
 
10:19:17,4-10:19:20,4 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:19:24,8-10:19,25,3 Pilot-In-Command: And than 
we’ll approach and we’ll see! (PL)  
10:19:24,8-10:19,26,8 Co-pilot: We’ll approach, we’ll 
see! (PL)   
 
10:19:43,4-10:19:53,4 Co-pilot: I have had like this. And 
after we already landed (unread) (PL)  
 
10:19:49,6-10:19:52,3 Anonym: (unread) But in Gdansk 
we have had (unread) and at Gdansk (unread) (PL) 
 

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10:20:07,7-10:20:12,2 Co-pilot: Here 2-5-9, would be 
even better, cause it wouldn’t be in front of the Sun. (PL) 
 
10:20:12,9-10:20:14,3 Anonym: Hmmm... (PL) 
 
10:20:35,5-10:20:36,8 Pilot-In-Command: 7-6. (PL) 
76 - 76% engines power.  
 
10:20:36,9-10:20:38,1 Air engineer: 7-6. (PL) 
 
10:20:37,7-10:20:40,4 Anonym: And one level leave. 
(PL) 
 
10:20:44,1-10:20:45,8 Pilot-In-Command: Or even 7-8! 
(PL)  
 
10:20:45,9-10:20,47,8 Air engineer: 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:20:54,9-10:20:57,1 Anonym: There’s 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:20:56,4-10:20:59,1 Flight attendant: Arek, we fasten 
the belts? (PL) 
To PIC – major Arkadiusz Protasiuk (Arek is an 
diminutive of Arkadiusz) 
 
10:20:59,4-10:21:01,6 Pilot-In-Command: The belts we 
fasten. (PL) 
 
10:21:08,3-10:21:10,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:21:17,6-10:21:22,2 Co-pilot: You take care to the 
direction. Arek, read you altitude after the distance? (PL) 

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Probably to the navigator, to use FMS to head the 
direction on the runway centreline and two the PIC – 
proposal to read altimeter indicator. In the real the 
navigator after setting head was able to read the level 
and the co-pilot became a visual observer during 
approach.   
 
10:22:11,2-10:22:19,0 ATC: Polish Air Force 1-0-1, 
position ASKIL, contact Moscow-Control on 128,8 good 
bye. (ENG)  
PLF-101 was crossing Russian border that moment.   
 
10:22:18,8-10:22:20,8 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:22:19,6-10:22:22,6 Navigator: 128,8, Polish Air Force 
1-0-1, thank you, bye. (ENG) 
   
10:22:28,9-10:22,30,7 Pilot-In-Command: (unread)  
 
10:22:31,8-10:22:32,4 Anonym: Pardon? (PL) 
 
10:22:32,4-10:22:33,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:22:34,3-10:22:43,0 Navigator: Moscow-Control, 
Polish Air Force 1-0-1, good day, at FL 3900 feet, over 
ASKIL and we are ready for farther descent. (ENG). 
A little  lapsus lingua of the navigator. He said a flight 
altitude in feet, instead of meters. 
 
 
10:22:35,2-10:22:36,5 Co-pilot: Push down, Mr Arek! 
(PL) 
 

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10:22:39,0-10:22:40,0 Pilot-In-Command: Little gas. 
(PL) 
 
10:22:39,8-10:22:41,0 Air engineer: Little gas. (PL)  
 
10:22:43,6-10:22:44,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:22:45,2-10:22:59,1 ATC: E... PLF 1-0-1, Moscow-
Control, good morning, descent to 3600 meters and than 
contact... Corsair frequency 124,0. (ENG) 
Khorsaj (Eng. Corsair) is a cryptonym of Smolensk Air 
Traffic Control. Russian Area Control redirected PLF-
101 on Smolensk frequency immediately.   
 
 
10:22:45,3-10:22:46,3 Anonym: (Visible)/ (Welcome). 
(PL) 
 
10:22:46,2-10:22:47,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:23:00,4-10:23:07,8 Navigator: Descending 3600 
meters and contact 124,0, PLF 1-0-1, thank you bye. 
(ENG) 
 
10:23:00,4-10:23:01,2 Air engineer: Commander. (PL) 
 
10:23:01,1-10:23:01,9 Navigator: Commander. (PL) 
 
10:23:01,8-10:23:08,3 Anonym: Mr captain, after you 
will already landed, (unread), may I ask? (PL) 
 
10:23:08,4-10:23:09,2 Pilot-In-Command: Yes, certainly. 
(PL) 

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10:23:11,2-10:23:13,0 Co-pilot: 3300, yes? (PL) 
 
10:23:12,8-10:23:14,9 Navigator: 3600 meters. (PL) 
 
10:23:14,7-10:23:15,3 Co-pilot: It’s ok. (PL) 
 
10:23:15,2-10:23:16,0 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:23:16,1-10:23:17,6 Navigator: Will we speak Rusky? 
(PL) 
 
10:23:17,8-10:23:19,9 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:23:20,7-10:23:21,7 Anonym: It is... (PL) 
 
10:23:21,7-10:23:22,4 Pilot-In-Command: Yes. (PL) 
 
10:23:26,0-10:23:27,4 Co-pilot: Remember, in meters! 
(PL) 
Russians use meters as a flight level unit.  
 
10:23:27,4-10:23:28,7 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:23:29,9-10:23:32,4 Pilot-In-Command: Corsair-Start, 
Polish 101, good day. (RUS) 
In a distance of about 40 miles PLF-101 contacted 
Smolensk Air Traffic Control. Please notice, that 
communication was curried out in Russian language. 
 
 
10:23:33,7-10:23:37,4 ATC: Polish 1-0-1, Corsair 
replied. (RUS)  

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10:23:39,6-10:23:43,2 Pilot-In-Command: On outer 
leading we’re descending 3600 meters. (RUS) 
Outer leading – refers to outer NDB marker.  
 
10:23:47,3-10:23:53,4 ATC: Polish Foxtrot 1-0-1, fuel 
balance, how much fuel you’ve got? (RUS) 
 
10:23:55,0-10:23:56,9 Pilot-In-Command: 11 tones left. 
(RUS) 
 
10:23:58,3-10:23:59,0 Pilot-In-Command: 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:23:59,2-10:23:59,8 Air engineer: 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:23:59,7-10:24:02,6 ATC: And what are your 
alternatives? (RUS) 
 
10:24:03,8-10:24:04,9 Pilot-In-Command: Vitebsk, 
Minsk. (RUS) 
 
10:24:08,3-10:24:10,0 ATC: Vitebsk, Minsk, correctly? 
(RUS) 
 
10:24:10,7-10:24:11,2 Pilot-In-Command: You correctly 
understood. (RUS)  
 
10:24:12,6-10:24:13,3 Pilot-In-Command: 8-0. (PL) 
 
10:24:13,3-10:24:14,0 Air engineer: 8-0. (PL) 
 

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10:24:16,3-10:24:19,8 PLF-044 Guys, Rafal on this side, 
exceed to 123,45. (PL) 
Polish Air Force PLF-044 co-pilot contacted the crew 
of PLF-101. 
 
 
10:24:20,7-10:24:22,9 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:24:20,8-10:24:21,0 Pilot-In-Command: OK. 
(PL/ENG)  
 
10:24:22,3-10:24:30,1 ATC: PLF 1-2--0-1, at Corsair 
fog, visibility 400 meters. (RUS)  
 
10:24:22,9-10:24:23,5 Navigator: I’ve already got it. 
(PL) 
Navigator was probably talking about this part of 
weather conditions. Pleas notice that although the 
navigator spoke Russian, a correspondence with ATC 
provided the Pilot-In-Command.  
 
 
10:24:23,5-10:24:24,9 Co-pilot: Arek, you talk, I’ll 
exceed. (PL) 
 
10:24:33,1-10:24:36,4 Pilot-In-Command: I understood, 
please give me meteo conditions. (RUS)   
 
10:24:37,0-10:24:37,4 Co-pilot: Artur. (PL) 
Artur – Lt. Artur Wosztyl, Pilot-In-Command of PLF-
044
 
 
10:24:40,0-10:24:47,0 ATC: On Corsair fog, visibility 

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400 meters, four-zero-zero meters. (RUS, ENG)   
A little misunderstanding between ATC and PIC.   
 
10:24:48,1-10:24:49,2 Co-pilot: Artur, I’m here. (PL) 
 
10:24:49,2-10:24:50,8 Pilot-In-Command: Temperature 
and pressure please. (RUS) 
PIC explained that he needs temperature and pressure.  
 
10:24:49,7-10:25:02,4 PLF-044: So we welcome you 
warmly. You know what, in general, hell-hole here. 
Visible some 400 meters about and for our taste bases far 
below 50 meters. (PL) 
 
10:24:51,2-10:24:58,9 ATC: Temperature plus 2. 
Pressure 745, 7-4-5, no conditions for landing. (RUS)  
 
10:25:01,1-10:25:10,0 Pilot-In-Command: Thank you, 
but if it is possible we will try one approach, but if won’t 
be weather, we will go around. (RUS).  
 
10:25:04,3-10:25:05,4 Co-pilot: And have you already 
landed? (PL) 
 
10:25:05,8-10:25:24,0 PLF-044: Well, we succeeded so 
in the last moment to land. Well, but I’ll tell you honestly 
- you can try, as the most. There are two APM-s, they 
made a gate, so you can try, but... If you won’t succeed 
for the second time I propose you to fly for example to 
Moscow or somewhere. (PL)  
 
10:25:12,3-10:25:17,5 ATC: 1-0-1, after a trial approach 

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will you have enough fuel to alternative? (RUS) 
 
10:25:19,1-10:25:19,1 Pilot-In-Command: Enough. 
(RUS) 
 
10:25:19,6-10:25:20,8 ATC: Received. (RUS) 
 
10:25:22,9-10:25:24,5 Pilot-In-Command: Permission for 
farther descent, please. (RUS) 
 
10:25:24,8-10:25:29,6 Co-pilot: Ok, I’ll report to Arek, 
bye for now. (PL) 
 
10:25:25,3-10:25:31,0 ATC: 1-0-1, with course 40 
degrees, descending 1500. (RUS) 
 
10:25:28,5-10:25:29,5 PLF-044 So, bye. (PL) 
 
10:25:32,0-150:25:34,2 Pilot-In-Command: 1500 whit 
course 40 degrees. (RUS) 
 
10:25:37,0-10:25:37,5 Pilot-In-Command: Little gas! 
(PL)   
 
10:25:37,8-10:2538,6 Air engineer: Little gas. (PL) 
 
10:25:38,9-10:25:40,6 Navigator: 1500 (unread) (PL)  
1500 was a flight level, according to pressure on the 
airfield.  
 
10:25:41,5-10:25:42,7 Co-pilot: 49. (PL) 

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In flight controls settings flight level should be set in 
hundreds of feet. 4900 feet = 1500 meters. 
 
 
10:25:43,9-10:25:44,5 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:25:48,7-10:25:51,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:25:51,2-10:25:51,9 Anonym: Arek! (PL) 
 
10:25:52,5-10:25:54,7 Anonym: Artur is there. (PL) 
 
10:25:55,0-10:25:56,9 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:25:55,1-10:25:57,9 Co-pilot: For their taste 400 
visible, 50 meters base. (PL) 
 
10:25:57,6-10:25:58,3 Anonym: How much? (PL) 
 
10:25:59,0-10:26:02,6 Anonym: 400 meters visible, 50 
meters base (unread) (PL) 
 
10:26:04,5-10:26:05,8 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:26:05,2-10:26:06,9 Co-pilot: They succeeded. (PL) 
 
10:26:07,9-10:26:11,1 Co-pilot: He says, that fog 
(unread) (PL) 
 
10:26:11,1-10:26:12,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:26:17,1-10:26:18,8 Pilot-In-Command: Mr director, a 
fog has appeared…(PL)  

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10:26:19,1-10:26:24,7 Pilot-In-Command: At the 
moment, under this conditions, which are now, we will 
not get by to touch down. (PL) 
 
10:26:26,0-10:26:30,9 Pilot-In-Command: We will try to 
descent, we will make one approach, but probably it will 
be nothing of this. (PL) 
 
10:26:31,6-10:26:343 Pilot-In-Command: And if it will 
turn out, that (unread), what will we do? (PL) 
 
10:26:38,1-10:26:40,2 Pilot-In-Command: We do not 
have enough fuel to that (unread) (PL) 
 
10:26:43,6-10:26:44,8 Anonym: So we have a problem... 
(PL) 
According to MAK, Mr Mariusz Kazana 
 
10:26:44,8-10:26:47,3 Pilot-In-Command: We can hover 
for half an hour, and than fly to the alternative. (PL) 
 
10:26:47,7-10:26:49,0 Anonym: What alternative? (PL) 
 
10:26:48,8-10:26:50,2 Pilot-In-Command: Minsk or 
Vitebsk. (PL) 
 
10:27:03,3-10:27:04,2 Co-pilot: To how many we’re 
descending? (PL) 
 
10:27:05,1-10:27:05,6 Co-pilot: To 600? (PL) 

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10:27:05,9-10:27:06,8 Anonym: 1500. (PL) 
Flight level in meters.  
 
10:27:07,8-10:27:09,4 Anonym: 4900. (PL) 
Flight level in feet.  
 
10:27:09,4-10:27:10,7 Pilot-In-Command: On 7-4-5. 
(PL) 
Pressure. 
 
10:27:11,4-10:27:11,9 Co-pilot: On how many? (PL) 
 
10:27:12,7-10:27:13,8 Pilot-In-Command: 7-4-5 (PL) 
 
10:27:15,3-10:27:16,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:27:17,9-10:27:19,6 Co-pilot: 7-4-5, yes? (PL) 
 
10:27:19,3-10:27:21,1 Pilot-In-Command: two degrees, 
7-4-5. (PL) 
Temperature and pressure.  
 
10:27:21,0-10:27:22,2 Anonym: 2 degrees? (PL) 
 
10:27:23,7-10:27:25,4 Air engineer: 2 degrees, 7-4-5. 
(PL) 
 
10:27:25,2-10:27:26,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:27:31,7-10:27:33,0 Anonym: (unread) 

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10:27:32,9-10:27:34,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:27:34,7-10:27:35,2 Anonym: I’ve got it. (PL) 
 
10:27:45,9-10:27:47,8 Pilot-In-Command: Ask Artur, if 
the clouds are thick. (PL) 
 
10:27:50,2-10:27:52,6 Co-pilot: I don’t know if they will 
be… will they still be there. (PL)  
 
10:27:52,5-10:27:53,5 Co-pilot: Ok, I’ll exceed. (PL)  
 
10:27:55,9-10:27:57,2 Co-pilot: Artur, are you Still 
there? (PL) 
 
10:27:58,0-10:27:58,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:27:58,8-10:28:01,5 Board: (unread) I have ended the 
drop, descending on east. (RUS) 
It is not know what aircraft was that and what kind of 
drop he had on mind. There were many suggestions, 
that he was dropping an artificial fog, but is in not 
possible, due to a very big area of heavy fog that day. 
 
 
10:28:02,5-10:28:04,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:28:04,0-10:28:04,9 Board: (they) Permitted. (RUS)  
 
10:28:06,6-10:2S:07,3 PLF-044: I am Remek. (PL) 
Remek – WO. Remigiusz Muś, air engineer of PLF-044  
 

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10:28:08,2-10:28:12,1 Co-pilot: Aaa, Remek, ask Artur, 
or... Or maybe you know, if the clouds are thick? (PL) 
 
10:28:22,4-10:28:23,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:28:33,3-10:28:34,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:28:40,6-10:28:41,7 Co-pilot: How many? (PL) 
 
10:28:42,4-10:28:44,0 Pilot-In-Command: 9-9, hold. 
(PL) 
 
10:28:44,4-10:28:45,1 Co-pilot: 9-9. (PL)  
 
10:28:45,4-10:28:46,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:28:47,5-10:28:49,0 PLF-044: About 400-500 meters. 
(PL) 
 
10:28:50,5-10:28:51,7 Navigator: Stay on a course? (PL) 
 
10:28:51,6-10:28:52,0 Pilot-In-Command: No. (PL) 
 
10:28:51,7-10:28:53,6 PLF-044: About 400-500 meters. 
(PL) 
 
10:28:54,7-10:28:56,0 Co-pilot: But is it a thickness? 
(PL) 
 
10:28:57,6-10:28:58,4 Anonym: As it’s visible. (PL) 
 
10:29:00,5-10:29:01,1 PLF-044: Are you there? (PL) 

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10:29:03,1-10:29:05,3 Co-pilot: But is the thickness of 
the clouds 400-500 meters? (PL) 
 
10:29:08,4-10:29:11,7 PLF-044: As we remember, on 
500 meters we were above the clouds yet. (PL) 
 
10:29:13,5-10:29:16,7 Co-pilot: Aaa... On 500 meters 
above the clouds... Ok, ok, thanks. (PL) 
 
10:29:17,5-10:29:24,0 PLF-044: Aaa.. Once else... APM-
s are some 200 meters from the threshold of the runway. 
(PL) 
APM – provisional field reflectors.  
 
10:29:24,8-10:29:25,3 Co-pilot: Thanks. (PL) 
 
10:29:27,0-10:29:28,4 Co-pilot: APM-s they arranged. 
(PL) 
 
10:29:29,6-10:29:32,4 Co-pilot: 200 meters from the 
threshold of the runway. (PL) 
 
10:29:29,8-10:29:33,6 Pilot-In-Command: Ask, if the 
Russians have landed. (PL) 
 
10:29:34,9-10:29:37,1 Co-pilot: Have Russians already 
landed? (PL) 
 
10:29:37,7-10:29:39,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:29:40,0-10:29:43,0 PLF-044: Il two times was going 

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around after approach, and probably they flew 
somewhere. (PL) 
Il- refers to Ilyushin Il-76M, which tried to land around 
10:20.   
 
10:29:44,4-10:29:45,3 Co-pilot: I see, thanks. (PL) 
 
10:29:46,3-10:29:46,9 Co-pilot: Did you here it? (PL)  
 
10:29:46,7-10:29:47,4 Pilot-In-Command: Fine. (PL) 
 
10:29:47,9-10:29:48,7 Pilot-In-Command: Who is there? 
(PL) 
 
10:29:51,0-10:29:51,9 Co-pilot: At yours also? (PL) 
 
10:29:53,5-10:29:57,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:29:57,4-10:29:58,2 Pilot-In-Command: Yes 
(Artek)/(Bartek)? (PL) 
 
10:29:58,1-10:29:58,9 Anonym: He said... (PL) 
 
10:29:58,3-10:30:02,0 Co-pilot: Altimeters 9-9-3 / 7-4-5. 
(PL) 
Pressure in hectopascal and in millimetres of mercury.   
 
10:30:01,4-10:30:15,1 Navigator: ILS we unlikely don’t 
have. Runway course 2-5-9 is set. ARK we have 
prepared, 310/640, set. fiver, six, automatic throttle . 
ILS – instrument landing system.  
310 – inner beacon frequency 

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640  - outer beacon frequency 
 
10:30:07,7-10:30:08,9 Pilot-In-Command: 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:30:10,2-10:30:13,0 Pilot-In-Command: Corsair, 
Polish 101, we keep 1500. (RUS)  
 
10:30:14,2-10:30:21,0 ATC: Aaa... Polish 1-0-1 
according to the pressure 7-4-5, descending 500. (RUS)  
 
10:30:21,9-10:30:24,7 Pilot-In-Command: According to 
the pressure 7-4-5, descending 500 meters Polish 101. 
(RUS)  
 
10:30:23,0-10:30:24,2 Air engineer: There is 7-8. (PL) 
 
10:30:25,6-10:30:27,5 Anonym: Robert, will you set... 
Thank you. (PL) 
To co-pilot  Lt.-Col. Robert Grzywna.  
 
10:30:36,4-10:30:29,9 ATC: Polish 101, course 79. 
(RUS) 
 
10:30:31,1-10:30:32,7 Pilot-In-Command: Course 79, 
Polish 101. (RUS)  
 
10:30:32,7-10:30:35,4 Anonym: At the time there is still 
no decision of the president what to do farther. {Director 
Kazana}(PL) 
 
10:30:35,2-10:30:36,7 Anonym: (unread).  
 

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10:30:37,9-10:30:43,0 Navigator: Yyy... to 500 we have 
approval, so to... (PL) 
 
10:30:41,2-10:30:42,1 Pilot-In-Command: Yes. (PL) 
 
10:30:42,9-10:30:43,7 Pilot-In-Command: To an altitude 
of a pattern. (PL) 
 
10:30:43,9-10:30:45,0 Co-pilot: To the altitude of a 
pattern. (PL) 
 
10:30:45,1-10:30:50,7 Co-pilot: The worst is that, there 
is a hole, there are clouds and a fog appeared. (PL) 
 
10:30:45,3-10:30:48,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:30:52,6-10:30:53,6 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:30:54,0-10:30:54,5 Co-pilot: So... (PL) 
 
10:30:54,4-10:30:55,1 Pilot-In-Command: What about 
us, Basia? (PL) 
 
10:30:55,5-10:30:58,3 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:30:58,3-10:30:59,7 Co-pilot: To 500 meters. (PL) 
 
10:31:00,4-10:31:01,1 Pilot-In-Command: Ok. 
(PL/ENG) 
 
10:31:01,0-10:31:03,4 Navigator: Eeee... fiver, six, 
automatic throttle. (PL) 

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10:31:03,9-10:31:07,2 Pilot-In-Command: Fiver, six 
prepared and I stay with no automatic. (PL) 
 
10:31:05,9-10:31:07,1 Anonym: He is approaching to 
landing. (PL) 
 
10:31:07,1-10:31:11,1 Co-pilot: It turns out that, aaa... 
TAWS, will be enough, to be entered by Zietas. (PL)  
Zietas – nickname of the Navigator, Capt. Artur Zietek. 
TAWS – Terrain Awareness Warning System  
 
 
10:31:10,9-10:31:13,9 Co-pilot: (unread) 
 
10:31:19,7-10:31:23,7 Navigator: And at the moment we 
have 5 miles to the central. (PL) 
 
10:31:28,5-10:31:31,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:31:50,7-10:31:52,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:31:55,3-10:31:56,7 Co-pilot: Yeah, and we are 5 
miles where? (PL) 
 
10:31:56,4-10:31:56,9 Navigator: On the side. (PL) 
 
10:31:57,1-10:31:58,7 Co-pilot: (unread) 
 
10:31:57,8-10:32:01,0 ATC: PLF 1-0-1, here’s Corsair. 
(RUS)  
 
10:32:01,4-10:32:02,2 Pilot-In-Command: We reply! 

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(RUS) 
 
10:32:02,7-10:32:04,5 ATC: Have you taken 500 meters? 
(RUS)  
 
10:32:05,8-10:32:07,6 Pilot-In-Command: At the 
moment not, 1000, we’re descending.(RUS) 
 
10:32:08,0-10:32:08,8 ATC: Received. (RUS)  
 
10:32:12,6-10:32:14,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:32:14,4-10:32:16,0 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:32:15,7-10:32:17,0 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:32:16,9-10:32:18,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:32:55,8-10:32:58,9 Pilot-In-Command: We are 
approaching. In situation of a missed approach, we go 
around on the automat. (PL) 
Automat – refers to the autopilot, equipped with 
automatic go around mode “Ukhod”.  
 
10:32:58,8-10:33:00,3 Air engineer: On the automat. 
(PL) 
 
10:33:01,4-10:33:03,7 Co-pilot: Arek, will you give 
(unread) (PL) 
 
10:33:23,6-10:33:24,8 Anonym: Fuel. (PL) 
 

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10:33:25,1-10:33:27,4 Air engineer: Actually we have 12 
tones. (PL) 
 
10:33:29,7-10:33:31,3 Anonym: We have 200 meters. 
(PL) 
 
10:33:40,1-10:33:43,1 ATC: PLF 1-0-1, altitude 500? 
(RUS) 
 
10:33:45,4-10:33:47,0 Pilot-In-Command: We are taking 
500 meters. (RUS)  
 
10:33:47,2-10:33:48,0 ATC: Received. (RUS) 
 
10:33:57,3-10:33:58,9 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:33:59,6-10:34:00,9 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:34:07,3-10:34:08,2 Pilot-In-Command: 7-0. (PL) 
 
10:34:08,5-10:34:09,6 Air engineer: 7-0. (PL) 
Engine power 70%.  
 
10:34:17,5-10:34:18,7 Pilot-In-Command: And unlock 
the throttles. (PL) 
Throttle should be unlock to be used by the autothrust 
system of the autopilot. 
 
 
10:34:18,7-10:34:21,5 Air engineer: 7-0 set and throttle 
unlocked. (PL) 
 
10:34:21,5-10:34:22,4 Pilot-In-Command: Automat. (PL) 

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Autothrust should not be switched on during such 
approach.  
 
 
10:34:22,6-10:34:23,9 Air engineer: And automat set on. 
(PL) 
 
10:34:27,9-10:34:29,4 Anonym: I reduce 400. (PL)  
 
10:34:32,8-10:34:33,9 Co-pilot: It is 400. (PL) 
 
10:34:34,3-10:34:35,6 Pilot-In-Command: (unread) 
 
10:34:35,5-10:34:36,4 Co-pilot: 3-8-0. (PL) 
 
10:34:43,4-10:34:44,7 Anonym: Landing gear. (PL) 
 
10:34:45,2-10:34:45,7 Sound signal F=506 Hz.. Gear 
extending signal.  
 
10:34:47,3-10:34:48,2 Anonym: 6. (PL) 
 
10:34:50,8-10:34:53,8 ATC: PLF 1-0-1 taken 500? 
(RUS) 
 
10:34:54,3-10;34:55,5 Pilot-In-Command: We have 
taken 500 meters. (RUS) 
 
10:34:56,2-10:35:00,7 ATC: 500 meters, on a military 
aerodrome have you madden landing? (RUS) 
 
10:34:56,7-10:34:57,6 Pilot-In-Command: Flaps 15. (PL) 
 

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10:34:57,7-10:34:58,9 Anonym: Lighted. (PL) 
 
10:35:02,9-10:35:03,7 Pilot-In-Command: Yes, of 
course. (RUS)  
 
10:35:04,6-10:35:09,1 ATC: Reflectors from left, from 
right, on the end of the runway. (RUS) 
 
10:35:11,3-10:35:12,3 Pilot-In-Command: Received. 
(RUS)  
 
10:35:11,9-10:35:14,6 Flight attendant: Commander, the 
board is ready for landing. (PL) 
 
10:35:14,2-10:35:15,1 Pilot-In-Command: Thank you. 
(PL) 
 
10:35:14,4-10:35:18,9 ATC: l-0-l, make the third, radial 
19. (RUS) 
The third – the third turning, penultimate, before 
entering the runway centreline. 
 
 
10:35:19,9-10:35:21,3 Pilot-In-Command: We are 
making the third Polish 101. (RUS)  
 
10:35:21,6-10:35:22,3 Anonym: 3-3-0. (PL) 
 
10:35:22,6-10:35:28,5 ATC: Polish 101, and from 100 
meters be ready to go around. (RUS) 
 
10:35:29,5-10:35:30,2 Pilot-In-Command: Yes, sir! 
(RUS) 

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10:35:41,1-10:35:43 Air engineer: And a tap of gear to 
neutral, please. (PL) 
 
10:35:46,4-10:35:52,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:35:59,2-10:36:01,4 Navigator: 0-7 mils from the 
centreline. (PL) 
Distance to runway centreline: 7 miles.  
 
10:36:25,4-10:36:27,0 Navigator: 0-1. (PL) 
1 mile to the centreline.  
 
10:36:34,1-10:36:35 Anonym: Flaps. (PL) 
 
10:36:35,3-10:36:36,8 Co-pilot: Flaps 28 (unread) (PL) 
 
10:36:36,9-10:36:41,6 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:42,0-10:36:43,4 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:43,5-10:36:44,8 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:45,7-10:36:47,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:47,2-10:36:48,2 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:48,6-10:36:54,5 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:36:56,4-10:36:57,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:37:01,3-10:37:02,8 PLF-044: Arek, now visible 200. 

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(PL) 
 
10:37:01,4-10:37:02,3 Pilot-In-Command: Flaps. (PL) 
 
10:37:03,1-10:37:04,2 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:37:04,2-10:37:05,2 Pilot-In-Command: Thanks. (PL) 
 
10:37:18,9-10:37:20,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:37:23,1-10:37:25,4 Pilot-In-Command: And we are 
making the fourth, Polish 101.(RUS) 
 
10:37:26,2-10:37:27 ATC: 101, make the fourth. (RUS) 
 
10:37:38,1-10:37:40,0 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:38:00,4 -10:38:02,2 Anonym: He will lose his rug, if 
else (niezr) (PL) 
 
10:38:02,0-10:38:03,2 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:38:20,0-10:38:22,1 Navigator: Half a mile left us. 
(PL) 
 
10:38:35,9-10:38:37,3 Pilot-In-Command: Flaps 36. (PL) 
 
10:38:37,2-10:38:38,7 Co-pilot: And I reduce 300. (PL) 
 
10:38:49,2-10:38:51,9 Co-pilot: And flaps 36, we have 2-
8-0. (PL) 
 

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10:35;55,5-10:38:56,6 Co-pilot: (unread) 
 
10:38:56,5-10:38:57,2 Pilot-In-Command: By now! (PL) 
 
10:38:58-10:38:59,0 Co-pilot: Flaps 36. (PL) 
 
10:39:00,0-10:39:01,1 Navigator: Riding. (PL) 
 
10:39:02,2-10:39:08 Navigator: Cabin: Front gear 
steering we have set on. Wing’s mechanization? (PL) 
 
10:39:07,5-10:39:10,7 Anonym: Mechanization of a 
wing is designed for… (unread) (PL) 
According to MAK Gen. Andrzej Blasik, head of Polish 
Air Force
 
 
10:39:07,7-10:39:09,6 Pilot-In-Command: Flaps 36. (PL) 
 
10:39:08,7-10:39:10,6 ATC: 101st, distance 10. Entering 
the glideslope. (RUS) 
 
10:39:10,4-10:39:11,9 Navigator: Stabilizer. (PL) 
 
10:39:12,4-10:39:13,5 Pilot-In-Command: Minus 3. (PL) 
 
10:39:13,6-10:39:15,2 Navigator: Spring loaders. (PL) 
 
10:39:14,9-10:39:16,4 Pilot-In-Command: Disconnected, 
lighting. (PL) 
 
10:39:16,4-10:39:17,2 Navigator: Interceptors. (PL) 
 

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10:39:16,7-10:39:18 Pilot-In-Command: Hidden, not 
lighting. (PL) 
 
10:39:17,8 -10:39:19 Navigator: Reflectors. (PL) 
 
10:39:20,6-10:39:22,2 Pilot-In-Command: Set on and 
extended. (PL) 
 
10:39:22-10:39:23 Navigator: Gear. (PL) 
 
10:39:22,4-10:39:23,9 Air engineer: Extended. (PL) 
 
10:39:23,1-10:39:25,7 Anonym: (unread)  
 
10:39:23,8 -10:39:25,2 Navigator: Wheel fans. (PL) 
 
10:39:24,6-10:39:25,9 Air engineer: Set on. (PL) 
 
10:39:25,5-10:39:27,4 Navigator: And front gear 
steering. (PL) 
 
10:39:26,9-10:39:28,3 Pilot-In-Command: Set on, with 
10. (PL) 
 
10:39:28,3-10:39:30 Navigator: Thank you, the card is 
completed. (PL) 
 
10:39:30,1-10:39:31,4 ATC: 8 on course, on glideslope. 
(RUS) 
 
10:39:33,6-10:39:35,9 Pilot-In-Command: Flaps, gear 
extended, Polish 101. (RUS) 

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10:39:37,3-10:39:38,5 ATC: Runway is free. (RUS) 
 
10:39:39,2-10:39:40,8 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:39:40,8-10:39:43,8 ATC: Landing conditionally 120-
3 meters. (RUS) 
Wind speed and direction.   
 
10:39:41,4-10:39:44,7 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:39:45,6-10:39:46,8 Pilot-In-Command: Thank you. 
(PL) 
 
10:39:49,9-10:39:52,3 ATC: You’re taking outer, on 
course, on glideslope distance 6. (RUS) 
 
10:39:50,2-10:39:58,0 Sound signal, F=845 Hz. Outer 
marker NDB.   
 
10:39:52,2-10:39:53,7 Anonym: Outer. (PL) 
 
10:39:54,1-10:39:55,0 Pilot-In-Command: (unread) 
 
10:39:57,1-10:39:59,3 Anonym: 400 meters. (PL) 
 
10:40;02,6-10:40:15,6 Anonym: (unread). 
 
10:40:06,7-10:40:07,8 TAWS alert: Terrain Ahead!  
 
10:40:13,5-10:40:14,6 ATC: 4 on course, on glideslope. 
(RUS) 

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10:40:16,7-10:40:17,6 Pilot-In-Command: On course, on 
glideslope. (RUS) 
 
10:40:18,6-10:40:20,1 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:40:19,6-10:40:21,1 Navigator: 300. (PL) 
 
10:40:22,8-10:40:25,6 Anonym: (250 meters). (PL) 
 
10:40:24,6-10:40:26,7 (Navigator): (250). (PL) 
 
10:40:26,6-10:40:27,8 ATC: 3 on course, on glideslope. 
(RUS) 
 
10:40:29,6-10:40:30,3 Anonym: (unread) 
 
10:40:31,2-10:40:32,4 ATC: Set on the reflectors! (RUS) 
 
10:40:32,4-10:40:33,5 TAWS alert: Terrain Ahead!  
 
10:40:32,9-10:40:33,6 Navigator: 200. (PL) 
 
10:40:34,0-10:40:34,8 Pilot-In-Command: Set on. (RUS) 
 
10:40:37,1-10:40:38,1 Navigator: 150. (PL) 
 
10:40:38,7-10:40:39,9 ATC: 2 on course, on glideslope. 
(RUS) 
 
10:40:39,4-10:40:42,0 TAWS alert: Terrain Ahead! 
Terrain Ahead!  

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10:40:41,3-10:40:42,6 Anonym: 100 meters. (PL)  
 
10:40:42,6-10:40:42,7 Navigator: 100. (PL) 
 
10:40:42,6-10:40:44,1 TAWS command: PULL UP! 
PULL UP! 
 
10:40:44,5-10:40:46,1 TAWS command: PULL UP! 
PULL UP! 
 
10:40:46,6-10:40:49,2 TAWS alert: TERRAIN AHEAD! 
TERRAIN AHEAD! 
According to TAWS characteristics PIC ceased 
descending before this alert, because is he did not, there 
would not be alert, but next “PULL UP! PULL UP!” 
command. 
PIC reacted immediately on “PULL UP!” command, 
setting horizontal flight.  
 
10:40:48,7-10:40:49,4 Navigator: 100. (PL) 
Horizontal flight for nearly 8 seconds. (during 
continuing of the approach estimate descending rate 
would reach 3,5 m/s, so 30m in 8 sec.) 
 

16 seconds moment.   

10:40:49,2-10:40:49,6 (Co-pilot): In the norm. (PL) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

10:40:49,6-10:40:50,1 Navigator: 90. (PL) 
 
10:49:49,8-10:40:51,3 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL UP! 
 

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10:40:50,0-10:40:51,3 Navigator: 80. (PL) 
 
10:40:50,5-10:40:51,2 Co-pilot: We go around! (PL) 
 
10:40:51,5-10:40:58,0 Sound signal F= 400 Hz. Radio 
altimeter. 
100m (330ft) above ground level. Navigator is reading 
barometric altimeter showing altitude above the 
runway. 
 
 
10:40:51,7- 10:40:53,4 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL UP!  
 
10:40:51,8-10:40:52,4 Navigator: 60. (PL) 
 
10:40:52,3-10:40:53,1 Navigator: 50. (PL) 
 
10:40:52,4-10:40:53,4 ATC: Horizon 101. (RUS) 
 
10:40:53,0-10:40:53,6 Navigator: 40. (PL) 
 
10:40:53,7-10:40:55,5 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL UP!  
 
10:40:54,5-10:40:55,2 Navigator: 30. (PL) 
 
10:40:54,7-10:40:56,4 ATC: Altitude control, horizon. 
(RUS) 
 
10:40:55,2-10:40:56 Navigator: 20. (PL) 
 
10:40:56-10:40:58,2 Sound signal, F =400 Hz, Autopilot 
ABSU. 

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Autopilot switched off in one of three applied work 
types.   
 
10:40:56-10:40:58,1 Sound signal F=800 Hz. Inner 
marker  
 
10:40:56,6-10:40:57,7 Sound signal, F =400 Hz, 
Autopilot ABSU. 
 
10:40:56,6-10:40:58,2 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL UP! 
 
10:40:57,9-10:40:59,0 Sound signal, F=400 Hz, 
Autopilot ABSU. 
 
10:40:58,6-10:41:00,2 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL UP! 
 
10:40:59,3-10:41:04,6 Sound of collision the forest 
massif.  
 
10:41:00,3-10:41:01,4 Co-pilot: Fucking hell!  
 
10:41:00,5-10:41:01,8 TAWS: PULL UP! PULL… 
 
10:41:02,0-10:41:03,4 ATC: Go around!  
 
10:41:02,7-10:41:04,6 Scream: Fuuuuuuck!!!! 
 
10:41:05,4 Recording ended. 
 
 

 
 

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Authenticity aspects. 

 

 

The reliability of the Interstate Aviation 

Committee in Moscow, as well as the Russian military 
attorney office, has been finally compromised after the 
publication of CVR transcripts.  
 

 The transcripts is simply say - forged. The 

evidence available

1.  In the original MAK document on page 40, there 

is no signature of Poland co-representing, Lt-Col. 
Bartosz Stroinski, commander of the squadron, 
who was the only person who performed voice 
identification.  

2.  Unreadable ratio is much bigger, than normally in 

Tu-154M transcripts, although Polish Air Force 
aircraft had special sound-reducing materials 
installed in broadsides. 

3.  At 10:09:41,7 the air engineer set minimal 

operational engine power using his personal 
throttle. At this moment autothrust mode of the 
autopilot should automatically turn off and the 
autopilot ABSU should sound, just like at 
10:40:56,6. There is no the sound on the 
transcripts.  

4.  At 10:23:39,6 Pilot-In-Command reported 

heading course on the outer NDB marker. There 
is no possibility to head such course on the 
autopilot- it can only direct on VOR beacon. That 
is why it should be turned off, which was also not 
confirmed by the sound of a turning off.  

5.  10:40:50,1 the navigator ended saying “90”, and 

at 10:40:50,0 started “80” so he was speaking two 

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statements, the same time. Before he ended 
speaking “90”, he had been started speaking 80. It 
is impossible on common sense. Please try to 
speak two things simultaneously.  

6.  There is a mistake, concerning the time entered as 

10:49:49,9 instead of probably 10:40:49,9.  

7.  At 10:40:52,4 the navigator ends speaking “60”, 

but at 10:40:23 starts “50”. It is also impossible.  

8.  At 10:40:53,1 the navigator ends speaking “50”, 

but at 10:23:53,0 starts “40”. It is impossible.  

9.  At 10:40:53,6 the navigator ends speaking “40”, 

but at 10:40:53,5 starts “30”. It is impossible.  

10. At the same moment when the navigator ends 

“30”, he starts “20”, which is very difficult to do. 
Please notice, that Polish numbers, are extremely 
difficult to say, specially as fast, as the navigator, 
for example: 

a.  90 – dziewięćdziesiąt 
b.  
80 – osiemdziesiąt 
c.  
50 – pięćdziesiąt 
d.  
30 – trzydzieści  

11. At 10:41:00,5, so 5 seconds before the terrain 

impact, the Terrain Awareness Warning System 
does not complete its command, just like new, 
that there is already no possibility to survive.     

12. According to MAK the cockpit door was opened, 

but there is no in the transcripts a typical sentence 
of the stewardess: “Ladies and gentlemen, we are 
on approach to Smolensk Airport, please fasten 
your security belts…”. 
Either this is the next 
evidence on falsification of the transcripts by 
MAK or MAK lied in official preliminary report.  

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13. According to Professor Romuald Szeremetiew, 

former deputy Defense Minister of Republic of 
Poland, during transmitted (before the transcripts 
disclosing) by Polish TV official press briefing 
Russian attorney, who had listened the CVR tape, 
stated, that the Polish pilots said before the terrain 
impact “Jesus, Jesus!” (refers to Jesus Christ), 
instead of “Fucking hell!”, as later appeared in the 
transcripts.  

14. The following sound signals were recorded: 

a.  10:40:51,5 - 10:40:58,0 (Frequency 400 

Hz) 

b.  10:40:56,0 - 10:40:58,2 (F =400 Hz). 
c.  10:40:56,0 - 10:40:58,1 (F=800 Hz)  
d.  10:40:56,6 – 10:40:57,7 (F=400 Hz) 
e.  10:40:57,9 – 10:40:59,0 (F=400 Hz) 
Please notice that the same speaker system 
emitted at the same time, simultaneously 
several similar sounds, including 3 on the 
same frequency, so not able to be separated, 
even using the best equipment and software in 
the world.. This is the reason, why it is not 
possible to separate them and detect their start 
and end with a 0,1 sec exactness, even using 
the.  

15. The ABSU autopilot, should make 3 sounds 

simultaneously, which if even technically 
possible – impossible to detect in Cockpit Voice 
Recorder tape.  

16. According to MAK the aircraft hit the ground 

overturned, inverted 180

o

, but it stays in the 

conflict with the CVR Transcripts: 

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a.  There is no sound signal concerning 

excessive tilt on the right.  

b.  There is no TAWS alert: “Bank angle! 

Bank angle!”  

Either the CVR transcripts (by MAK) are forged 
or the Interstate Aviation Committee in Moscow, 
MAK lied in it’s official preliminary report. 
According to MAK official schema from the 19

th

 

of May 2010, the stabilization indicators were 
available, so there is no possibility, that both – 
TAWS and Soviet alarm did not respond to the 
threat. Moreover, according to Mr Alexei 
Morozov, vice-president of MAK all the devices 
on the board were efficient.   

17. According to the Transcripts between distance of 

the 2km (10:40:38,7) and 1,1km (est. 10:40:57) 
aircraft’s speed decreased to average 177km/h 
(49m/s), because the aircraft flew 900m in 18,3s. 
Minimal safety speed of Tu-154 is specified on 
235km/h. At speed of 210, there is a deep stall. 
However according to the transcripts there was no 
deep stall, because stall avoidance alerts would 
turn on, the sound alert would appear, the yokes 
would be shaken rapidly. According to the 
transcripts any symptoms of a speed close to 
minimal, minimal and stall were not detected.  

18. During a speed of 177km/h (110mph) the 

autothrust would add max engines power. But 
according to MAK, it was added by the pilot just 
before the threes impact. It is not possible for the 
start power to be added by the pilot, while it had 

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been already added 10-15 seconds before. There 
would not be a possibility to move throttles more.  

19. If the transcripts were truthful, there would be 

Stall Warning System alert, concerning critical 
attack angle or minimal speed.  

20. If the transcripts were truthful, the TAWS would 

not say “Pull up!” because that would be 
murderous.  

21. There was no full engine power sound detected in 

any moment.  

22. According to the crew of PLF-044, the ATC 

requested PLF-101 descending to the level of 
50m, what stays in deep contrast with CVR 
transcripts, indicating, that the ATC (Lt.-Col. 
Pavel Plusnin) ordered to be ready for go around 
from 100m.  

23. According to MAK official schema of the 19

th

 of 

May 2010, the aircraft contacted a tree, and than 
hit large birch-tree, when lost left wingtip. than 
was flying about 1s., before contacting farther 
trees. It is conflicted with CVR transcripts, where 
“sound of collision the forest massif” is protracted 
and imparted, unlike should be in reality.         

24. According to people, knowing Mr Kazana, who 

were listening to CVR recording the voice, 
identified as Mr Kazana did not belong to him.  

25. 30 minutes recording recorded 38 minutes 

operation.      

26. According to the crew of PLF-044, tower 

requested PLF-101 descending to 50m on 
approach – according to transcripts to 100m.  

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27. According to MAK’s official schemas there were 

several separated trees aircraft contacted before 
the crash, but in the transcripts there is one single 
sound of trees.  

28. Although 100% engines power set, according to 

MAK, there is no sound of engines on high power 
noticed in CVR by the authors of the transcripts.  

29. Muteness of the pilot-in-command is strange.  
30. According to Mr Edmund Klich Gen. Blasik said 

several statements, but according to the 
transcripts only half of a statement. 

31. Diplomats of Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 

did not confirm that it was a voice of Mr Kazana 
recorded.  

 
Moreover according to MAK’s transcripts after 
20m/s descending (calculated according to 
navigator’s statements in the transcripts) the aircraft 
(without 100% power yet), performed horizontal 
flight just before the terrain impact, and during this 
time turned into upside down. Not only the turning is 
an absurd and stays in deep contrast with all the Tu-
154M incidents concerning wing damage (or losing).  
After descending 20m/s Tu-154M would descent 
only about 30m to the horizontal flight. It is 
impossible.  
According to official operational manual of Tu-154M 
this type should descent 10m before horizontal flight 
performing if descending 3,5m/s. It means that during 
normal approach only 10m would be enough to carry 
out go around. Of course it concerns an aircraft with 
flaps and gear extended.  

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During descending 5m/s, 20m is enough to perform 
go around, cease descending or perform horizontal 
flight.  
During descending 8m/s (with more than double 
approach descending speed) aircraft must have 50m 
to stop descending and do not crash. On the altitude 
of less than 50m it is not possible to perform go 
around from descending 8m/s or carry out horizontal 
flight – only heavy landing or crash is possible.  

Operational manual does not take care to higher 
descending speed because of the assumption, that never 
exist during approach.  However it is not difficult to 
notice, that parameter described above is characterized 
by a kind of square function – not linear function. Please 
imagine such parabola on drawing. It indicates that the 
aircraft descending 12 m/s would need over 100m to 
cease descending.  With descending rate of 20m/s, as of 
PLF-101, about 200m would be enough to cease 
descending. How was it possible for PLF-101 to cease 
descending not in 200 but in 30m? Moreover please 
notice, that 100% engines power (basic for all these 
calculations) was not set yet, according to MAK.  

 
 

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   Schema of flight of Tu-154M during go around – 
attitude loosing calculation before re-ascending.       

 

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Absurd described above, as well as most of listed 

evidence induce that last 16 seconds are in 90-100% 
forged.  
 

Furthermore it is confirmed by behaviour of Mr 

Jerzy Miller, Polish minister of interior who received in 
Moscow CVR copy on CD from Gen. Anodina. 

http://tvn24.lajt.pl/1657830,1,1,wiadomosc.html

 After 

come back to Poland it appeared that there is no last 16 
seconds on the recording. 

http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/2184931,11,na_pierwszym_na
graniu_z_czarnych_skrzynek_brakuje_16_sekund,item.ht
ml

 Mr Miller confused by this fact had gone Moscow 

where met Gen. Anodina again. He received made by 
Russians copies and tried to keep whole the situation in 
secret. 

http://www.wprost.pl/ar/198897/Rosjanie-

przekazali-Polsce-niekompletne-nagrania-czarnych-
skrzynek-Interwencja-ministra-Millera/

 

 
Falsification of the transcripts discredits MAK as well as 
Polish authorities and investigation services, which do 
not want to detect MAK manipulations.  
. Statistics of independent organizations, just like the 
Flight Safety Foundation, stay in as big contrast with 
ensures of the designer, Mr Shengardt, concerning the 
alleged total reliability of Tu-154, as it is not difficult to 
perceive, that unprecedented in World’s history scale of 
hypocrisy and dishonesty in aircraft accidents’ 
investigation. Moreover, this Soviet-created tendency had 
not been ever changed. Since today, there was many 
situation in Russian Federation investigation of MAK, 
that some misconducts are evident. For example on 14

th

 

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of September 2008 Nordavia Boeing B-737 crashed VP-
BKO. The history of the aircraft was as interesting as the 
circumstances of the catastrophe. It was American-
production Boeing, with French engines, certified by the 
interstate MAK of Moscow, owned by a firm from 
Bermuda, took in leasing of Irish Pinewatch Limited, 
with engines serviced in China and Singapore, after 20 
years of service in China, was directed to the Russia, 
where with Russian crew of Nordavia was flaying for 
Aeroflot. Final report is of course perfectly prepared, 
over 160 A4 pages document is full of negligible photos, 
tables and graphs prepared in WinArm of... Ms Excel (so 
as always in MAK “using unique software) by Mr 
Morozov and signed by him. Although the pilot had been 
fully trained in Lufthansa training centre, he according to 
MAK was not familiar with Boeing speed indicator(!).  
 

MAK credibility is also extreme low due to 

corruption affairs and unreal results of every 
investigation.MAK moreover according to Polish-
Russian agreement from the 14

th

 of December 1993 

concerning military flights (in relation with the 
agreement form the 7

th

 of June 1993 concerning military 

co-operation) MAK should not examine or investigate 
this air disaster. According to article number, 11 of the 
December of 1993 agreement all the incidents of Polish 
Air Force aircraft happened in Russia as well as Russian 
in Poland should be investigated by joint commission.  
 

Moreover MAK has not powers to examine 

military incidents (or catastrophes), because it is a civic 
organization. In addition, famous 13th annex does not 
refer to military air disasters.  

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Mr Edmund Klich (not minister Klich, MD) as 

former Polish Air Force colonel and head of Air Accident 
Investigation Commission should now about this 
agreement – it is not possible to be another. So why did 
he styled his own to be Polish representative and 
succeeded to be the air disaster investigated by MAK 
according to Annex 13 of Chicago Convention?  
 

Moreover, Polish correspondence investigation is 

carried out not by civic prosecution, but Territorial 
Military Prosecution in Warsaw under a supervision of 
the Head Military Prosecution. Number of the 
investigation: PO Śl. 54/10 WPO. 
 
 

   

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3.10 Injuries to person 

 

 

Injuries to person are, regrettably the most tragic 

constituent of every transport accident. 
 

Nearly every safety regulation concerning 

transport is designed to decrease number of injuries and 
injuries possibility. Due to this strategy introduced (also 
in aviation), a number of fatalities (victims) is not self-
increased, as fast as number of aircraft, airlines, 
passengers and millions of miles flown by them all over 
the world. 
 

However it is very common situation when all the 

people on the board die, due to an air disaster.  
 

According to Russian Federation highest aviation 

authority and air accident investigating service – MAK 
“Interstate Aviation Committee” in Moscow, all the 
passengers of PLF-101 died due to terrain impact.  
 

However circumstances of the terrain impact, 

medical documents and Tu-154M safety statistics say 
something completely opposite to the statements of Mrs. 
Gen. Tatiana Anodina - “Empress of Soviet Aviation” 
and her MAK. 
 

 There are only three possible outlines of survival 

rate description after an air disaster: 

1.  Everybody on the board survived the catastrophe. 
2.  Some of the people died, during or due to the 

catastrophe, but some survived. 

3.  Nobody survived.  

 

It is possible to exclude last (third) possibility, 

because of the recording from the scene of the air 
disaster, recorded by (currently late) author, just after it 
had happened. The recording is strictly authentic, what is 

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officially confirmed by attorney offices and secret 
services examining it.  
 

Not whole the recording, but words of a women 

travelling the aircraft are significant “Don’t kill us! I 
beg…
”. then three gunshots. Camera operator ran 
startled, just after the shots.  
 

Author of the film, Mr Andrei Menderey was 

murdered several days after, on the 15

th

 of April 2010. 

(

http://smolensk-2010.pl/2010-04-21-adrij-mendierej-

zostal-zamordowany.html

). 

 

Because usually in similar accidents about 26% of 

passengers are alive (

http://aviation-

safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=475

), it had 

been officially stated (not truthfully) by Gen. Tatiana 
Anodina, head of MAK, that an aircraft hit the ground in 
diverse position (upside down). Due to low-wing 
construction a back of plane is not as strong as belly.   
 

Official Preliminary Report of MAK states, that 

“Medical examinations indicated, that on passengers 
affected acceleration of 100g. Under these conditions it 
was not possible to stay alive”. It is not probably possible 
under these conditions, where wings, centerwing, trees 
assumed most of g-load, as well as speed of aircraft was 
not high.  
 

Alas it is not possible to calculate precisely g-

load, due to high complication of reference system, 
however even on common sense it is possible to state that 
is was much less then 100g, no more then 10g – that’s a 
fact. It is only possible to calculate g using general 
cinematic rules. However it will be very simple using 
special software and computer simulation, we cannot 
perform without FDR, still secret.  

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 Survival rate of all fatal accidents (according 

to the Flight Safety Foundation): 

Type of Aircraft 

First flight year   Survival rate  

Boeing B-377 

1947 

45,5% 

Boeing B-314 

1938 

38,5% 

Boeing B-737 

1967 

33,7% 

Vickers VC-10 

1962 

33,0% 

Tupolev Tu-154 

1968 

25,8% 

Boeing B-707 

1954 

24,0% 

Boeing B-747 

1969 

24,0% 

Ilyushin Il-62 

1963 

22,0% 

Lockheed L-1011 
TriStar 

1970 

16,6% 

Boeing B-727 

1963 

15,5% 

Boeing B-757 

1982 

14,6% 

Lockheed C-130 
Hercules 

1954 

14,4% 

Antonov An-12 

1958 

12,5% 

Boeing B-767 

1981 

6,1% 

Scottish Aviation 
Twin Pioneer 

1955 

5,6% 

Boeing B-720 

1959 

3,3% 

Cessna 500 
Citation I 

1971 

2,2% 

Ilyushin Il-76 

1971 

1,9% 

BAC Concorde 

1969 

0,0% 

Prepared by the authors  
 

  

 

Pleas notice, that 100-g concerning MAK 

communicate cannot be reliable explanation of so high 
death rate. G-force is a kind of acceleration, a physical 

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quantity, directly proportional to decreasing or increasing 
of speed and inversely proportional to time. 100g = 
9800m/s

2

. It seams that to induce such overload an 

aircraft should decrease 9800m/s of speed every second. 
 

100g overload is of course real when you hit a 

tree by your car, with brakes not applied on high speed. 
Estimate time of hit is about 0,001 sec.   
 

The estimate time of braking up aircraft was here 

about 4 sec! That is why, if such g-load can exist here, 
and if it was based only on airspeed, aircraft should fly 
23.520km/h, so about Ma=69. That is 69 times faster 
then sound, 34-35 times faster then F-16 Fighting Falcon 
or BAC Concorde. Such speed, on Earth is not 
achievable for any aircraft, even high-supersonic rockets. 
 

Speed of Polish Air Force 101, during contact 

with ground ranged 250-350 km/h (155-220 mph). 
 

Of course, as it is already stated, it is not possible 

to precociously calculate g-load in this very complicated 
reference system. Using very simple software it is 
however possible to calculate g-load according to less 
then 10 calculable piece of data and rate of aircraft 
damage. We will come back to this calculation to show 
results of such examination.    
 

Nevertheless, here it must be stated that, in 

keeping with medical examination protocol one of the 
PLF-101 passengers was still alive, 10-20 minutes 
after the catastrophe. Rescue operation did not 
concern medical help – even one ambulance was not 
called on, medical doctor was not present on the place 
of disaster. 
 

 According to niezalezna.pl and “Gazeta Polska”, 

but also apart from them, a daily “Nasz Dziennik” at least 

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one person on the board survived the accident, and died 
at 10:50-11:00, so up to 19 minutes after the air disaster. 
The information is sourced on the death certificate, filled 
by the medical examiner after the examination in Russia. 

http://www.wprost.pl/ar/203601/Niescislosci-w-kwestii-
godziny-smierci-ofiar-katastrofy-Tu-154M/

   

 

Of course medical examiners could work under 

the pressure of their chief then, the Russian Emergency 
Minister, Mr Sergey Shoigu, who, as evidenced above, 
wanted to upset time of crash, to convince that the pilots 
had many times performing approach before the crash. 
However, please notice that in such situation lower limit 
of estimate death time would not be before the time 
published by Mr Shoigu. That means, that pathologists 
estimated real death time – after the catastrophe (if they 
wanted to confirmed Mr Shoigu version they would 
probably “estimate” around 10:55, or for example 10:55-
11:00, so after Shoigu’s time of the catastrophe, not 
before).  

 

     

 

 

There are no many photos showing bodies of the 

fatalities. Some users online had published whole 
galleries, later commonly available online in Poland of 
the photos that are a typical example of photomontage. In 
many situations even we had fallen for, before the British 
expert examined them. Online it is possible to find about 
10-20 real photos showing bodies or their parts. On one 
of the photos that we have got, and is now not published 
online (due to a kind of embargo, a kind of censure, 
forced by Russian government of Col. Putin), there is a 
body of Polish president, Mr Lech Kaczynski. It had been 
taken at 14 o’clock, so about 3 hours after the air disaster 

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(if only there is local Russian time on the photo). Mr 
Lech Kaczynski seems to be alive on the picture, like 
sleeping. He locks like to be grey – his skin is very light, 
with a greyish shade. A garniture also seems to be grey, 
as well as all the objects around, concerning parts of the 
aircraft. It is possible that a contrast or balance was not 
properly set in the camera, or everything had been 
covered with a dust.  
 

There is no blood near Mr Kaczynski, he has not 

much external injuries, three scratches on the face. Only 
his leg had been cut off, but according to farther 
information the body of Polish president was completely 
massacred, not only the leg, but also a hand was cut off. 
It seems that the Russians deliberately massacred the 
body to difficult ascertainment that somebody could 
survive.     
 

Because the members of parliament from 

Kaczynski’s formation visiting Smolensk saw Kaczynski 
completely massacred and without both legs and a hand 
(not only the left cut) 

http://www.se.pl/wydarzenia/swiat/jarosaw-rozpozna-
ciao-brata_136110.html

. It means that these are post-

mortem injuries or an effect of thermo-baric weapon 
using, described by Mr Kuleba.  
 

There is also a possibility of combination of 

injuries to people – primary injuries cased by weapon and 
terrain impact and farther optional injuries cased during 
criminal “rescue” operation and post-mortem wounds.  
 

Thermo-baric weapon indicates injuries similar to 

high g-load, because it destroys internal organs of 
human. During extreme g-load due to excessive weight 

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organs became self-smashed. That is why there is a 
possibility of wrong medical examination results.  
 

It is impossible to be detected, because all the 

documents concerning medical examinations are kept in 
secret by Russian MAK – secret for Polish authorities 
and for the public opinion.  
 

  

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-

zyje-2/kaczynski-fakty/news-rosja-przekazala-polsce-11-
tomow-akt,nId,293367

 

 

Medical examinations had been carried out by 

Russians illegally – without part of Polish experts and 
without informing of the Polish government.  
 

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/459542,468036.html

 

 

smolensk-2010.pl/2010-04-28-rosjanie-

przeprowadzili-sekcje-zwlok-wszystkich-ofiar-
katastrofy.html 
http://www.se.pl/wydarzenia/kraj/sekcji-zwlok-ofiar-
katastrofy-nie-bylo-ewa-kopacz-_142145.html

 

 

Only in one examination – of President of the 

Republic of Poland, Lech Kaczynski Polish 
representative took part.  
 

According to dr. Mikhail Petrovich Maksimenka, 

who performed medical examination of the president’s 
body (along with Dr. Sergey Vasilevich Ovcharov), there 
was only attorney Parulski, who did not speak Russian, 
representing Polish investigation authorities.   
 

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?typ=po&d

at=20100823&id=po01.txt

 

  

Moreover, according to dr. Maksimenka, there 

was a coroner on the place of the air disaster, 10-15 
minutes after it had happened. It seems to be impossible, 

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due to the distance – to get the airport he would have to 
cross all the city.  
 

To be able to get there so fast, he should be 

present on the airfield during the air disaster.  
 

It is however also possible that he had been 

informed about the air disaster 1-2 minutes after it had 
happened and later was escorted by the Police. However 
even alarm on the airfield had been turned on 15 minutes 
after the catastrophe. 

http://forum.wprost.pl/glowne/?w=263837

  

 

This fact indicate that information flow after the 

catastrophe could not be efficient. Therefore visit of 180 
soldiers and secret service officers, along with the 
coroner 14 minutes after the air disaster is impossible. 
180 people units should be under readiness near the 
scene, knowing that would happen, before the air 
disaster.  
 

Detailed analyse of the injuries to person indicate 

possibility of death due to other aspects, then an accident. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

background image

 

  

The photo above had been taken by some of the 

Russian services at the day of the catastrophe. Although 
the author is unknown, it had been commonly published 
online, be able to be downloaded from Yandex.ru and 
Rapidshare.com. It was received by us from the Polish 
Attorney General Office, where had been sent by Polish 
Intelligence Agency, what confirms its authenticy. 
 

The picture indicates internal destruction of the 

body without a damage to the outerwear. It is fully 
comparable with the catachrestic of the thermo-baric 
weapon. According to Mr Kuleba, journalist, when 
Chechen soldier entered a house hit by thermo-baric 
weapon, he saw a baby looking like sleeping. After he 
took the infant in his hands, it disintegrated into parts.  
 

It does not only indicate similarity to PLF-101 air 

disaster, but also can explain progress of post-mortem 
injuries. Uniforms of Polish generals travelling the 
airplane had been undamaged.  
 

Due to this fact (to maintain balance between 

damages of the aircraft, injuries to person and damage to 
the uniforms) they were artificially damaged after the air 
disaster – the distinctions of the generals, including 
medals and national emblems were manually ripped out.  

http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?dat=20100825&ty
p=po&id=po01.txt 

An uniform of Gen. Potasinski, head 

of Polish Special Forces, (managing special units taking 
part in nearly every NATO mission and using high 
technology NATO weapons and warfare devices) was, 
according to the widow profusely wet by air fuel. 
 

Burning of some of the wears by Polish Attorney 

Office clearly confirms and evidences all the doubts 
described above. To be able to burn the wears (and other 

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personal properties from the board) Attorney had to 
qualify wears as… medical waste.  

http://www.wprost.pl/ar/195717/Odziez-ofiar-nakazal-
zutylizowac-inspektor-sanitarny/

 

 

All the bodies of the fatalities had been put into 

metal coffins and sealed. It was prohibited for families 
to open the coffins – no of the bodies was viewed in 
Poland.  

http://niezalezna.pl/article/show/id/36397

 

http://fakty.interia.pl/raport/lech-kaczynski-nie-
zyje/news/rosjanie-nie-zyczyli-sobie-otwierania-
trumien,1508237

 

http://www.radiozet.pl/Programy/Gosc-Radia-
ZET/Krzysztof-Kwiatkowski2

 

Survival aspects 

 

Polish Air Force presidential aircraft destroyed 

when it crashed after contacting trees.  
 

Tu-154M, although very often crashes, it is rather 

strong construction, characterized by high resistance on 
mechanical damage. Although PLF-101 is completely 
destroyed, it is possible to survive such catastrophe.  
 

An Airbus A-330 crashed several weeks after 

PLF-101 in Libya, was much more damaged then Polish 
Air Fore aircraft, and one little boy from Nederland 
survived. 

http://aviation-

safety.net/database/record.php?id=20100512-0

 

 

A Tu-154 catastrophe of Aeroflot in Noril’sk, 

Russia NSK (16

th

 of November 1981), when the aircraft 

was damaged nearly completely like Polish Tu-154M, 
evidences that if even the aircraft is destroyed, there is a 
possibility to survive. Moreover in Noril’sk survived 68 

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people (sic) from 167 on the board, so 40,7%, nearly 
twice of the normal survival rate. 
 

We ordered an analyse of two British aviation 

safety specialists, who helped us to estimate survival rate. 
We took into the considerations following factors: 
  

1.  Flight safety statistics of Tu-154M: 

  General survival rate 
  Subjection of the aircraft damages 

and injuries to people 

  Survival rate in the particular 

compartments in Tu-154M 

2.  Individual safety system, for passengers in the 

aircraft 

3.  Terrain characteristics  
4.  Fire characteristics 
5.  Injuries to people on the pictures 
6.  Estimate g-load calculations (as already stated - it 

is not possible to exactly calculate a g-force)  

7.  Survival rate in similar accidents concerning 

comparable passenger aircraft: 

  Tupolev-154/A/B/B-1/B-2/S/M 

(16 similar of all 67 accidents) 

  Tupolev-134/A/A-3/B-3/LL (18 

similar accidents of all 71) 

  Iliushin-62/M (3 similar accidents 

of all 23) 

  Boeing-727-100/200 (24 similar 

accidents of all 111)   

 
 

Preparing the analyse we generated many data, 

which we have to compare with Smolensk Air Disaster 

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description. The British experts used two independent 
methods of estimating.  
 

The firs one had chosen FMEA method. He was 

analysing 7 factors with 21 sub-factors. He described 18 
accident sequences of cases and effects, concerning all 
the factors and sub-factors. FMEA method had been 
invented by NASA in 60’s, and has been used even today 
in aviation safety risk analyzing processes. The expert 
did not estimate rate of survival, but a risk of death. To 
every sequence of factors he added risk rating (max 30 
points) – 10 points for a scale of factor, 10 points for 
probability of existing here and 10 points for it’s effects. 
He divided his calculations to every part of the aircraft. 
 

The second one used method that is much more 

complicated and we have to wait for a long time for his 
results. In a contrast to the first expert, he was calculating 
a rate of survival, not a risk. He based on groups of data 
that he marked as a “sets of numbers”. To analyse data he 
used a special computer program based on a sector of 
mathematics called “fuzzy logic” a multi-valued, not a 
zero-one logic. It let him to define a degree of affiliation 
of every factor to every set. Due to this solution, the 
expert was able to combine factors with statistics, and 
then everything into integrity. He also divided his 
calculations to estimate survival rate in particular parts of 
crashed aircraft.              
 

After receiving the results, it was possible to 

compare them, and they were… similar! Both experts 
reached the same conclusion – someone survived! 
 

Moreover, after summing up the numerical results 

of both experts (risk of death during hit and survival rate) 
in each section of the plane a value of 100% is received, 

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so although the experts had been working separated to 
each other, their results were completely similar! 
 

The results of the experts are entered into 

damage-describing table below.   
 
 
A possibility of surviving and damages analyze: 

Part of 
aircraft 

Damage 
description 

Survival 
rate 

Cockpit 

Completely 
destroyed, 
unshaped, only 
nose survived 

 2%, 

Front gear 

Completely 
destroyed, only 
one wheel 
survived 

N/A 

Foremost 
compartment 

Completely 
destroyed, 
unshaped parts, 
Broadside 
undamaged  

10% 

Fore 
compartment  

Completely 
destroyed, 
unshaped parts, 
Seats undamaged 

10% 

Middle 
compartment 

Completely 
destroyed, left 
and right 
section with 
windows 
survived,  

About 
5%, 

Left wing 

Destroyed, 

N/A 

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parted on 
three, shape 
readable, gear 
survived, cut 
of from the 
centerwing 

Right wing 

Destroyed, 
parted on 
three, shape 
readable, gear 
survived, cut 
of from the 
centerwing 

N/A 

Passenger 
part 

Destroyed, 
seats survived, 
some parts 
maintained 
their shape  

10% 

Rear board 

Partly 
survived, 
aircraft 
profile 
readable, many 
parts including 
toilet survived 

5%, only 
four 
seats 
here 

Tail 

Upside down, 
damaged, clear 
shape, 

N/A 

Horizontal 
stabilizer 

Parted on two, 
rudder surface 
dropped 

N/A 

Vertical 
stabilizer 

Cut off from 
the tail, not 

N/A 

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inverted, 
rudder surface 
turned to the 
right 

Engine no. 

Damaged, but 
not cut off 
from the tail 

N/A 

Engine no. 

Cut  off from 
the tail, 
readable shape 

N/A 

Engine no. 

Medium damage, 
inside the tail  

N/A 

 Prepared by the authors 
    

 

At the middle compartment 18 people were 

sitting, so a probability that at least one person 
survived in this section reaches nearly 100%.   
 

At the passenger part, probably 61 people were 

present, so 6 people should survive. 
 

On the back compartment, with low rate, 4 seats 

(31/32) are located as well as two toilets and a 
gallery. From this, 4 people there is nearly lack of 
survive possibility under given conditions, although it 
is normally the safest place in Tu-154M.  
 

If we sum all that ratings, it is possible to state, 

that for even 10 people could survive. According to 
the experts, minimal rate of survival was an 
equivalent of 3 people. 3 people survived at least. 
 

On the 10

th

 of April had appeared a pres agency 

note, that 3 people had survived and were taken to a 
hospital, but this information was demented by 
Smolensk governor, Mr Sergei Antufev.    

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Moreover, coincidentally three shots are audible 

on the first recording from the place of the air disaster…   
 

MAK went to evident manipulation of the g-force 

calculation (involving the airspeed of spacecraft rather 
then passenger plane) to evidence that it was, according 
to Gen. Anodina, impossible to survive.  
 

The bodes, including Mr Kaczynski, had been 

then massacred by “rescuers” or other governmental 
services of Russian Federation, also to evidence, that it 
was not possible to survive.  

Relation between injuries to people and damage to the 

aircraft and analyse of the possible circumstances of 

thermo-baric weapons or another missile using. 

 

 

There was 96 people on the board. They were 

according to official data travelling in 6 particular 
compartments of the aircraft: 

1.  Cockpit (C) 
2.  Staff compartment (G) 
3.  Presidential compartment (F1) 
4.  Fore compartment (F2) 
5.  Middle compartment (F3) 
6.  Passenger part (B) 

 

 

 

Topography of the aircraft was modified several 

times. In the nose part cockpit was designed for 5 
crewmember seats – three for basic crew (two pilot’s 
seats in typical layout – left for the captain, right for the 
co-pilot – and situated sheer to the flight direction seat of 
the air engineer with huge switchers and indicators 
console) and two for additional crewmembers – a 
navigator (between the pilots, little bit moved back) and a 

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supervisor (much moved back). Behind the door of the 
cockpit a compartment with galleries and a toilet was 
situated as well as an access to two doors: fore basic door 
for passengers (1,73 m x 0,80 m) and a service door 1,28 
m x 0,61 m).  
Service door was situated on the right of the fuselage – 
passenger door on the left. It is typical layout for Tu-
154M maintained in the all parts of the aircraft.     
Farther back there was a fore compartment separated on 
two by a jamb. In first part there were two seats and a 
table, behind the jamb (in the second one) there were six 
seats.  
In the foremost part of the compartment on the right a 
presidential sub-compartment F1 was situated. It was 
isolated from the fore compartment by sliding doors and 
a partition facet. There were three seats – an armchair 
and a sofa, as well as a table and satellite phone inside 
the compartment.  
Armchair of the president was directed opposite to the 
flight direction and was the foremost passenger seat in 
the aircraft, excluding a supervisor.  
Behind fore compartments (F1 and F2) there was a 
middle compartment with a gallery (G), own service door 
and a passenger door. Dimensions of the doors were 
completely like in the foremost part.  
The passenger doors there, were the backmost door. 
Therefore there was no any normally used door behind 
the wings. The door was situated nearly in the centre of 
the fuselage.  
The biggest part of the aircraft was the passenger part (B) 
situated over the centerwing of the aircraft. There was a 
typical airline layout 3+3 of seats situated on the left and 

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on the right, however there was no as much seats that in 
normal commercial arrangement. Direction of the seats 
was changed into custom variant  – half of the seats were 
directed opposite to the flight direction and half in 
harmony to the direction. Therefore every 6 seats created 
a group, where each passenger sitting had a passenger in 
front, being isolated each other by a table. Each group 
had a table (tables were located in front of every three 
seats) and on the other broadside there was relative group 
of seats.  
In the half of the passenger part (named also 
“compartment for the guests”) there was four emergency 
doors (overwing exits) with dimensions of 0,90 m x 0,48 
m. On each side there were two exits, separated by two 
windows. Such exits are commonly known from Boeing 
or Airbus aircraft – also in Tupolevs they have a window 
in the centre.  
Last three lines of the 3+3 composition were not 
equipped with tables. The only difference from the airline 
arrangement was more comfortable seat features.    
In the backmost of B, there were only several seats in 
specific 2+2 configuration, moved to the board 
centreline.    
Behind these four sits there were two emergency doors 
on both sides with dimensions similar to the service 
doors, however 1 inch wider.  
The compartment was completed by two toilets and a 
gallery between.     
It is logic that the people travelling in more damaged part 
of the aircraft should also be more damaged, so to be 
more injured. In an environment of more damaged parts 
it is more difficult to find the bodies. There is also more 

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difficult to identify them, because of the more serious 
injuries. Because these basic activities are more 
complicated, they should take more time. Therefore there 
should be a kind of visible relationship between the time 
of body fining, identification and come back home in a 
coffin and the damage of the aircraft part.  
In the cockpit (C) there were 4 people during terrain 
impact – captain, co-pilot, navigator and air engineer.  
In the foremost compartment (F1) there was two people – 
the President and the First Lady.  
In the fore compartment (F2) there were 8 people – state 
officials.  
In the middle compartment (F3) there were 18 people – 
generals, priests and some officials.  
In the staff room (G) there was three flight attendants.  
In the passenger part 61 people.  
All the bodies had been transported to Poland in 6 flights 
organised by Polish Air Force using two types of 
transport aircraft:  

1.  Boeing C-17 Globemaster III – heavy strategic 

transport aircraft, 

2.  Airbus (CASA) C-295M – medium tactical 

transport aircraft. 

 

All the flights took off on four dates – on the 11

th

13

th

 and 14

th

 of April, on the 15

th

 of April, on the 16

th

 of 

April and last on the 23

rd

 of April. Number of coffins 

transported each day looks as following:  

1.  11

th

 of April – president (C-295) 

2.  13

th

 of April – first lady (C-295) 

3.  14

th

 of April – 30 people (C-17) 

4.  15

th

 of April – 35 people (C-17)  

5.  16

th

 of April – 8 people (C-295?) 

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6.  23

rd

 of April – 21 people (C-17) 

Summary: 96 
 
 It is possible to state that about:  

1.  4,2% of people were present in the cockpit.  
2.  2% of people were present in the F1. 
3.  8,3% of people were present in the F2. 
4.  18,7% of people were present in the F3.  
5.  3,1% of people were present in G.  
6.  64,6% of people were present in B.  

Summary: 100% = 96 people.   
 
Therefore if there would be the same time of the bodies 
identification, so the same aircraft injuries to people in 
every compartment, there would be following 
distribution of coffins every flight back date: 
 
14

th

 of April and before:  

1.  C: 1-2  
2.  F1: 0-1  
3.  F2: 2-3  
4.  F3: 5-6  
5.  G: 0-1 
6.  B: 20-21 

Summary: 32 
 
15

th

 of April: 

1.  C: 1-2 
2.  F1: 0-1 
3.  F2: 2-3 
4.  F3: 6-7 
5.  G: 1-2 

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6.  B: 22-23 

Summary: 35 
 
16

th

 of April  

1.  C: 0-1 
2.  F1: 0-1 
3.  F2: 0-1 
4.  F3: 1-2 
5.  G: 0-1 
6.  B: 5-6 

 Summary: 8 
 
23

rd

 of April: 

1.  C: 0-1 
2.  F1: 0-1 
3.  F2: 1-2 
4.  F3: 3-4  
5.  G: 0-1 
6.  B: 13-14 

Summary: 21   

 

 
 

All the proportions above shows how many 

coffins of the fatalities should come back home each 
flight from with division on the parts of sitting. Other 
shows clear relation between number of people sitting 
and number of coffins come back, with assumption that 
damage to the aircraft was regular. Using lists of coffins 
coming back every of four days it is possible to conclude 
calculations above to the reality:  
 
14

th

 of April and before:  

7.  C: 0  

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8.  F1: 2  
9.  F2: 5  
10. F3: 5  
11. G: 1 
12. B: 19 

Summary: 32 
 
15

th

 of April: 

7.  C: 0 
8.  F1: 0 
9.  F2: 3 
10. F3: 4 
11. G: 1 
12. B: 20 

Summary: 35 
 
16

th

 of April  

7.  C: 0 
8.  F1: 0 
9.  F2: 0 
10. F3: 1 
11. G: 0 
12. B: 7 

 Summary: 8 
 
23

rd

 of April: 

7.  C: 4 
8.  F1: 0 
9.  F2: 1 
10. F3: 8  
11. G: 1 
12. B: 8 

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Summary: 21   

 

 
 

It is clearly visible that data received after 

analysing of the lists of bodies in every flight and date 
received after analysing of the passenger lists are 
different. 
 

It indicates that there is a relation between place 

of sitting and injuries, because in some compartments 
bodies had been identified faster, in some parts slower.  
 

Relation between returns and passenger 

distribution looks in the table as following:   
 
14

th

 of April and before:  

1.  C:     Less 1-2              
2.  F1:   More 1-2 (all) 
3.  F2:   More 2-3 
4.  F3:   In the norm   
5.  G:    In the norm 
6.  B:    Less on 1 

 
15

th

 of April: 

1.  C:    Less 1-2 
2.  F1:    (comp.) 
3.  F2:   In the norm  
4.  F3:   Less 2-3 
5.  G:    In the norm 
6.  B:    Less 2-3 

 
16

th

 of April  

1.  C: 0   Less 1 
2.  F1: 0     (comp.) 
3.  F2: 0     In the norm 

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4.  F3: 1     In the norm 
5.  G: 0      In the norm 
6.  B: 7      More 1-2   

  
23

rd

 of April: 

1.  C: 4 More 3-4 (all) 
2.  F1: 0  (comp.) 
3.  F2: 1   In the norm  
4.  F3: 8   More 4 
5.  G: 1    In the norm 
6.  B: 8     Less 5-6 

 
   

However first three summaries, concerning three 

first flights, there is a lot of internal factor – including 
especially time of coming of the families of killed people 
to Moscow, where the identification was carried out.  
 

Fourth section however delivers high number of 

data, because the people listed in the table from the 23

rd

 

of April were identified using DNA analyses and could 
not been sent home, before their completing and final 
confirmation of the results.  
 

Simple maths indicate that the most damaged 

place of the aircraft was the cockpit, at the lowest 
estimate presidential compartment.  
 

Fore compartment (F2) was only little bit more 

damaged, then the presidential compartment.  
 

Excluding cockpit, the most damaged place of the 

aircraft was the middle section (F3), however the seats of 
the flight attendants (G) and passenger part (B) were less 
damaged, then the F2.  
 

Crashed aircraft’s wreckage does not indicate any 

relation between damage of the left and right section.  

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Conversely there are differences between rate of 

injuries of the passengers in each compartment. It can 
indicate what broadside could be hit by eventual missile 
(weapon). However it can also be clear coincidence, 
because aviation accidents are characterised by high rate 
of randomness.  
 

On the other hand rate of calculation indicating 

middle par of the aircraft as the most unsafe cannot be 
coincidence, because this section seems to be very safety, 
in contrast to foremost part usually hitting ground. It is 
impossible to be ground hit by middle compartment. It is 
depended of the detail conditions, but usually aircraft 
impacts ground by its nose, wing or tail. Any other 
impact is unimaginable, considering construction and 
flight direction of an aircraft – it can fly only forward.     
 

If the aircraft hit ground secondary by middle 

compartment, in other sections that firstly impacted 
injuries character could not be less serious, then in 
middle compartment. 
 

If the middle compartment hit the ground firstly, 

it would indicate that the aircraft was damaged airborne 
and hit ground parted on two. 
 

Else it can indicate that the middle compartment 

was the place, where hit a missile. Other words maths 
indicate that one of the factors making the air disaster 
possible was the missile hitting. It probably happened in 
the last moments of the flight, after a stall cased other 
exterior factors.  
 

There could not be an artificial fog, because 

nobody was planning that the pilot would perform 
approach under poor weather conditions – such decision 

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was irrational and can be only explained by high rank of 
the celebrations and delay not reduced during the flight.  
 

Please notice that lack of damage to the uniforms 

of the generals is a trace complementing evidence 
collected. Thermo-baric weapons are sometimes named 
“fuel-air explosives”. To hide the truth, a kind of 
explosive based on aviation fuel could be used in 
preparing of the missile, to be sure that after-effects of 
the hit would not be classified as using of inorganic 
substance. This fact would perfectly explain that 
navigational documents and other documentation find in 
the cockpit was extremely wet due to the fuel. Because of 
this fact experts of MAK examining it should use masks 
to not be poisoned by the fumes inhaled.  

http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-zyje-
2/kaczynski-fakty/news-mak-przekazal-polsce-
dokumenty-z-miejsca-katastrofy-w,nId,294244

 

Also the uniforms of the generals were wet due to the 
fuel. Because the fuel tanks are much backward (in the 
centerwing and in the wings) there is very little 
possibility to be documents in the cockpit and people in 
the middle compartment flooded by petroleum.  
If it even is possible (everybody who was on the scene of 
a catastrophe knows characteristic smell of kerosene 
everywhere around the wreckage) probably an explosion 
would happened, due to two commonly known facts: 

1.  Fire is a typical result of an air disaster.  
2.  Aviation fuel is an explosive.  

 
However PLF-101 after had crashed did not get fire. 
Only two little flames, extinguished by the fireman in a 
quarter were detectable. There was no any symptoms of 

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complex conflagration, although there was more then lb 
22.000. Therefore extreme leakage of the fuel into the 
aircraft interior seems to be impossible.  
 

There are so two possibilities of the elements 

wetting, both discrediting Russian side: 

1.  Documents and the uniforms were wetted 

artificially, to evidence that had been on the 
board during the air disaster (but had not) or 
their damage seemed for Russians to be too 
slight.  

2.  Some of the sprayed explosive could be not 

fired during the explosion of the missile 
warhead and leave residues, however would not 
be detected in cockpit if explosion took part in 
middle compartment.  

 

 

3.11 Damage to the aircraft 

 

 

Some of the elements should be added to this 

section are already described above, due to the fact that 
injuries to people seem to be much more credible impact 
indicator, then the aircraft damages. It is not only cased 
by the fact that human organism is much more sensitive, 
then metal fuselage of an aircraft, but also by the fact of 
the activities concerning artificial wreckage damaging 
much more advanced, then little post-mortem injuries.  
 

  Day after the air disaster high number of people 

equipped with heavy vehicles started several days 
operation of damage inducing. There was only one target 
of the operation – to make everybody sure that nobody 
survived.  

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Russian soldiers and policeman started to slash 

wings of the aircraft by circular saws. Windows were 
knocked out by a pole, fuselage was smashed by a 
bulldozer. After days of operation scene of the disaster 
became one of the most depressing and horrific place of 
the world.   
 

Although description above seems to be 

impossible it is only one chapter of whole story called 
“smash everything, kill everybody”.  

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Officers of the Russian Federation Ministry of 
Emergency in official operational uniforms of the 
Ministry are damaging mechanisation of the wing. 
Recording: TVP.  

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Officer of the military of Russian Federation breaking 
and knocking down glass widows in the fuselage of 
Polish presidential Tu-154M after a PLF-101 air 
disaster. (TVP)  
 
 
  

 

The same officer. Recording: TVP. All the glass 
windows became destroyed.  

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Russian Ministry of Emergency worker cutting PLF-
101 aircraft electric and hydraulic cables.  
 

 

background image

 

 
Another Russian Ministry of Emergency officer 
destroying Polish Tu-154 slots. (TVP) 
 
All the photos above are a frames sourced by the 
recordings from the scene of the air disaster just after it 
happened, because coffins are still under delivery on the 
recording.  

http://www.tvp.pl/publicystyka/magazyny-
reporterskie/misja-specjalna/wideo/21092010/2632524

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYrcy7GnIOs

  

Therefore operation of the aircraft destroying had been 
started extremely early, probably on the 11

th

 of April, a 

day after the air disaster.  
There are also some interesting details on the recording, 
for example high number of coffins collected very fast. 
This detail seems to be significant, when analysed along 
with the fact that not any ambulance, but a coroner was 
called to the scene several minutes after the air disaster- 
before the alarm on the airport sounded, coroner already 
had got the aircraft and started his work. 
The recording however is so worthy due to perfect shots 
of Russian officers working on the place of the air 
disaster – it is clearly visible that the only target of them 
was to destroy the aircraft and it was not a pleasure, but a 
hard work for them.  
 

Nevertheless it is necessary to analyse damage to 

the aircraft, trying to demarcate “post-mortem” damages 
and real damages to the plane. 
 

The only elements that we can be sure that were 

not damaged artificially are the elements not damaged.  

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Moreover elements not damaged can indicate 

much more, then damaged.    
   

The engines of the aircraft did not work during 

the hit to the ground. According to MAK a full thrust 
(start power – 100%) had been applied by the Pilot-In-
Command, about 8,8 sec before the end of the FDR/RVR 
recording. It means that a speed of rotating for engine 
elements should be increased to 16-18 thousands rounds 
per minute to the time of crash. This, in turn, means that 
all the moving parts of the engines: shaft, turbines, 
superchargers were revolving, about their own axis each 
second 267 times!  
 

Please notice, that a blink of an eye lasts 0,3 sec, 

so during every blink 80 rounds are rotated. Now please 
imagine that you are able to percept all the rounds. In 
addition, every 10 seconds you have to blink one time – 
it is natural. Otherwise, your eyes slowly will begin to 
weep. So every time you blink (we all are doing it 
mechanically, just as we breathe), you will overlook 80 
rounds. Therefore speed of engines rotation was 
unimaginable.   
 

Now please imagine that you are rotating on the 

office chair. It is very  1 time per second. The turbine is 
rotating 267 times faster.  
 

2 of 3 engines had been cut off from the tail, 

during the first stage of disintegrating of aircraft 
construction, and fall down, hitting very hardly into the 
ground. Engines are much heavier, then the body of the 
airplane, in relation to the size because they have 
thousands of mechanical parts inside. Therefore they 
should hit ground harder. Please notice that instead of 
engines, a body of aircraft has a shape of empty, 

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aluminium pipe. Under these conditions the body was 

destroyed, 
engines not.  
 (Photo 
Russian 
federal 
services, 
published by 
Dr Sergei 
Amelin, 
about 24 
hours after 
the air 
disaster)
.
 

 

 
Engines hit the ground. If turbines had been working, 
rotating 18.000 rounds per minute, how was it possible 
that they completely did not became disintegrated? 
 

Turbines would be in such situation smashed up, 

and their parts would be able to find several miles from 
the place of the crash. 
 

Nevertheless, in the contrast to so far world 

aviation experience it was completely another. Not only 
external parts of engines, but also their extremely hot, 
fast-rotating turbines are not damaged.  
 

Engines of Polish presidential TU-154M were 

signed in a factory as “Soloviev D-30KU-154-II” and 
characterised by overall pressure ratio higher then 
engines of Concorde.  
 

There were two factors would make engines more 

damaged. First – they were old construction with 20 

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years of exploitation period. Due to this fact elements of 
the engines were more susceptible on mechanical 
damages, including impacts and fatigue during working.  
 

On the other hand the engines had just been 

overhauled that is why their performance was very well. 
Due to this fact they were reacting faster, faster 
increasing power and faster increasing damage 
possibility.   
 

Therefore, now it is possible state seriously, that 

one of the causes of the catastrophe was the engines’ 
stop, power of autorotation, around 0%. No engine was 
working.  
On the photo not disintegrated supercharger disc, which 
had not rotate 18000 rnd/min. Please notice that blades 
are not even fully covered by mud. It evidences, that the 
engine did not “suck” the mud, as it would do rotating 
extremely fast.      
Looking on the fuselage it is possible to state that it is 
completely destroyed.  
 

Even Russian authorities were able to notice that 

damage to the aircraft is excessive. That is why they 
projected new version concerning hitting the ground in 
upside down position, what officially stated Mrs. Gen. 
Anodina and what was confirmed by Mr. Morozov.  
 

What was the reason of the upside down flight if 

it was a pilot error? MAK does not state it clearly. 
However Dr Sergei Amelin, a blogger from  Smolensk, 
Russia, who although is not, and never has been an 
aviation specialist stated it before MAK evidencing it, 
just like MAK would love. Mr Amelin although very 
nice person seems to be working as an outpost of MAK. 
He is stating and evidencing the theories of MAK in 

background image

 

advance. This fact makes Smolensk Air Disaster the first 
case in the history, when professional investigation 
organisation benefits a knowledge of an amateur.  
 

So according to Dr Amelin (electronic education) 

and in full harmony with official schemas of MAK 
published on the 19

th

 of May 2010, after hitting in a tree 

aircraft missed a tip of left wing – and a lift force became 
unbalanced. Right wing had bigger surface and inversed 
aircraft on the left – tries to explain Mr Amelin. 
 

This theory although is got as a sure by Polish and 

international public opinion.  
 

Please notice that a stage of disintegrating of 

aircraft body, and injuries to person was extremely high. 
Aircraft hit ground with low speed. If even was falling – 
from a low altitude – maximally 20 meters. So why is the 
aircraft smashed utterly? 
 

Farther analyse – as it appeared – confirmed 

altitude of falling and excluded theory of MAK/Amelin.  
 
   

 

Turkish flight 

1951 is a typical of 
no-fatalities accident 
concerning the 
aircraft of the same 
size that Polish Tu-
154 that crashed with 
the same speed and 
angle.  

(photo Wikimedia Commons) 
 

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For comparison a photo of PLF-101 wreckage – a 

frame from Russia-24 TV.  

 

 

There are notable differences between the two 

photos.  

It is possible to explain it, but the Russians did 

not. MAK absorbed a version of Dr Amelin, although he 
does not know nearly anything about aviation – he is an 
electronic.  

 This is the first time in the history, when 

professional investigation group based their findings on a 
work of an amateur. Dr Sergei Amelin, although his 
findings are not comparable with reality can be very 
proud of himself, and I think Col. Putin should give him 
an order.  

Because and only because of the work of Dr. 

Amelin, MAK received a pretext to explain stage of 
damage. These two photos (both from Wikimedia copied 
under the license of Creative Commons) became a base 

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of so-could conspiracy theories, as it is called in Polish 
media every version not concerning the pilot’s error. 
MAK and Russians had to add a kind of pretext, why did 
they all die? 

Very popular in Poland, due to his analyses dr. 

Amelin, bring it to them. From the time of Dr. Amelin’s 
publications, a new official version, confirmed by MAK 
and Gen. Anodina in the official preliminary report, is the 
inversion and that “aircraft hit ground it’s gentler back 
that is why it completely disintegrated”.  

Why it could not? As culprit dr., Amelin and gen. 

Anodina unanimously mentioned a birch-tree. So it is 
currently the first situation of nearly 100-years of 
aviation history, that 80-tones jet had been inversed by… 
1,5-feet width tree. So according to MAK and Dr Amelin 
aircraft’s wing suffered. That is right. About 50 yards 
from the birch-tree a tip of wing collapsed… 
Nevertheless, MAK did not think about the one thing. Of 
course, aircraft can inverse, when it has only one wing 
for example, but Tupolevs with a tip of wing missed, as if 
PLF-101 can normally fly and with no problems, directly 
to the airport to make emergency landing.  

On the 26

th

 of September 2006 took place an 

accident, which circumstances disprove the thesis of Mrs. 
Anodina. According to Flight Safety Foundation: 

“A USAF Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker had 

landed at Bishkek (FRU) at 20:03 following a combat 
mission over Afghanistan. After landing, the KC-135R 
was parked at the intersection of the active runway and a 
taxiway while the crew awaited clarification on 
instructions from the air traffic control tower. 
Meanwhile, a Tupolev 154M of Altyn Air (EX-85718) had 

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been cleared for takeoff on runway 08. The TU-154's 
right wing struck the fairing of the KC-135R's No. 1 
engine. The force of the impact nearly severed the No. 1 
engine from KC-135R and destroyed a portion of the 
aircraft's left wing. The TU-154 lost approximately six 
feet of its right wingtip, but was able to get airborne and 
return to the airport for an emergency landing. The KC-
135 caught fire and sustained extensive damage.” 

http://aviation-
safety.net/database/record.php?id=20060926-0

 

 

There are many pictures showing a wing tip 

missed by PLF-101. On one of the photos, there is a 
Russian officer in characteristic uniform in a cold war 
style. It is a kind of comparative scale. The officer can be 
5,5-5,7 feet tall. A wing tip is about 1-1,5 feet longer, 
then his tallness. Therefore, PLF-101 could not miss 
much more wing area, then Altyn Air Tupolev, which 
had not any problem to land. That Tu-154M is flying to 
the present day, now as a part of Kyrgyzstan Airline fleet 
(ex-Altyn Air). 

So if not a wingtip, what could inverse PLF-101? 

Dr Amelin evidenced, his untargeted theory by self- 
measured angles of cutting the trees, which he estimated, 
photographed, put on the map. Using this data he tried to 
describe a flight track, results of his – must say – huge 
work he published online and on his Picasa, a Google 
gallery.  

http://picasaweb.google.ru/Amlmtr/MWzNeJ#

 

 
 

Being impressed by scale of disinformation 

performed by Sergey we can only describe it.  
 

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3.12 Other damage – main evidence, but evidence 

in past tense only…  

 

During our visit to Smolensk, all the trees had 

been already cut and removed. Trees however were the 
only indication of real PLF-101 bank angles and path, 
because sharp wings contacted lots of trees before the 
terrain impact.  

The only reason of the trees cutting could only be 

next stage of evidence killing campaign.  

Now a day there is no any part of the aircraft in 

Smolensk, bigger elements had been found and moved to 
a square inside the airbase, where are corroding. Smaller 
elements are already stolen by people. The surface on the 
place of the crash is offset by a bulldozer. 

Not only the trees, but also a grass is killed 

evidence. According to an owner of the plot, where the 
birch-tree is situated, when airplane hit this great plant, 
an oil matter dropped the ground. It was probably oil 
from hydraulics systems of the aircraft, which “powers” 
all the rudders flaps, gear, slots, interceptors and ailerons, 
but also kerosene could be.    

Because the plot is not huge, there is a wasteland, 

a meadow, on the flight course, about 200 yards from the 
place of air disaster (muddy forest). All the plants 
(mainly grasses of course) on the meadow had been fired. 
There is now completely no evidence in this matter.         

Under these conditions, we could only make a 

geographical reconnaissance concerning long GPS walk 
and other simple geodesies. We have to base in this 

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publication only on the pictures taken there in the first 
days after the air disaster, also by Dr Amelin.  

So as a first on any picture there is no any kind of 

crater or hole in the grand, madden by the plane hitting 
the ground. It is not possible, to do not force any 
immersion in muddy surface, during the crash were 
whole airplane had been completely destroyed, not 
damaged – destroyed. 

This fact clearly indicates, that it could not hit the 

ground upside down, could not hit the ground by the nose 
– an angle of hit was little, just like during normal 
landing. If a Tu-154M, with a centre of gravity located 
behindhand, hits the ground contacting firstly by a 
horizontal stabilizer, situated on a tip of the vertical one, 
a kind of physical lever is formed. The nose is with huge 
power directed to the ground and hits it in less then 0,1 
sec. After such heavy hit, when a resultant force contains 
from a force of gravity, force induced by lever and lift 
force would groove a 20 feet deep crater with many 
disintegrated parts of 82-tones weight (18078,7 pounds) 
aircraft inside and around.  

Such power of hit, although with not inverted 

position grooved a very deep hole, when on the 15

th

 of 

July 2010 a Tu-154M of Caspian Airlines crashed in 
Iran.  

If the aircraft hit upside down, whole, stronger 

bally part would survived – here it did not. The biggest 
shaped fragment of PLF-101, after the catastrophe is 
aircraft’s tail. Exhaust nozzles are however directed like 
the course of the aircraft. Tail, like a needle of compass 
shows runway threshold. We can say – it had hit upside 
down, aircraft crashed, the tail overturned and if directed 

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to the runway, it had to fall not inverted, so not upside 
down.  

However, it did not. Aircraft painting was a 

combination of red and white stripes. A combination of 
stripes on the tail, evidences, that it was inverted after the 
air disaster! Therefore, aircraft could not hit inverted, 
inversion in only an affect of turning over after it had 
broke up.        

Somebody will probably ask, how is it possible 

that two other, large parts of the aircraft, wings with a 
gear, are also turned out – why gear is collapsed to top? 

Well, on the pictures from the place of 

catastrophe, one wing is turned not only gear to top, but 
also its top is not directed to the side, but indicates a 
flight direction. Another one is of course inversed, but its 
flaps (located on the backside) are directed forward, as it 
would not be if it hit by a beck. Aircraft hit by belly! All 
the elements, which seem to be inverted (so gears and 
tail) had turned off because of the hit, as it normally takes 
place.  

 

MAK evidence 

 

On the 5

th

 of February 2003 Mr Collin Powell, US 

secretary of state presented American evidence 
concerning high number of biological and chemical 
weapons in Hussein’s Iraq. His evidence was covered by 
ecstasy of American journalists and laugh independent 
experts.  

Later it appeared that the Americans have not 

been able to find any trace of hundreds tonnes of 

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weapons, rockets and advanced nuclear program, 
described by Mr Powell.  

Completely same situation concerns MAK’s 

schemas of PLF-101 disaster aspects.  

The first and most popular material is a photo 

published by MAK (Russian Interstate Aviation 
Committee in Moscow) to overestimate scale of damage 
– it had been taken before whole wreckage was re-
completed. No side elements with windows in the fore.    

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Please notice, that visible on the other 

photos parts of the foremost part, including broadsides 
with windows rows were not present during photo taking 
yet. It is the only official aircraft photo after the air 
disaster. It clearly indicates low seriousness of MAK. 
Description on the photo means “Interstate Aviation 
Committee”.  

Please also notice, that right wingtip in contrast to 

left probably has not front slots extended. Aviation plant 
in Smolensk is a producer of such wingtips (for Tu-154M 
in classical white painting with red crowning). If it even 
origins from Polish aircraft – on unofficial photos looks 
completely another then on this one.  

Second, one is the photo of Mr M. Borawski, 

showing Tu-154M from backside.  

The most hypocritical is however a schema – 

showing the aircraft bank angle and inverting process to 
the time of impact - in upside down position.  

Please notice, that the birch tree is not cut but 

broken, so it could not be hit by a wing, rather by another 
airframe part.  

Moreover it is physical impossible to be big 

passenger aircraft turned of on a distance equivalent to 4-
5 flying seconds, because of it’s weight.     

However, the schema of MAK indicates clearly 

that traces on the ground just before the place of crash 
PLF-101 Tu-154M left. It means that because there are 
two traces they could be only traces of the gear – not of 
the stabilizer. It also evidence how low could be MAK’s 
credibility – only left trace is photographed by them to 
manipulate evidence.  
 

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Moreover, how was it possible, that the 

cockpit was completely destroyed, but avionic by some 
miracle survived?  

   

 

One calculation should also be add here.  

 

Diameter of the birch-tree was estimate 30cm ( 

12in). 

http://smolensk.ws/blog/183.html

 

 

The wingspan of Tu-154M is estimate 37,55 m 

(123 ft 2 in). It indicates that the birch was only as thick 
as less then 0,8% of the aircraft wingspan.  
 

Please imagine, that you take into your hands 

whole-metal model of an aircraft with the wingspan of 
12in and please hit by it a toothpick pounded deeply in 
flowerpot. And later please check wing damages.  
 

Other words it was impossible to be the wing cut 

by the birch. If even cut, the aircraft could not inverse 
upside-down.  

 

 

4.  Analyses and conclusions  

 

What happened? 

 

 

We are sure that the aircraft crashed.  

 

The most possible case of the catastrophe is 

technical fault or an assassination, including sabotage or 
downing. 
 

In the all sections above we have shown facts, 

pictures, tables and analyses. Of course we are not going 
to convince any version – please do it on your own, just 
like you feel on your taste.  
 

However we will show here a possible version 

based on our analyses and investigation. We of course do 

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not have much data, we have less materials than the 
commission. In reality we only read less than 4-5.000 
pages of information, but commission researched 
estimate 10-20 times bigger package of data! It is 
incomparable difference, cased of course, by a lack of 
sources available for us. In this section we however also 
will present several additional analyses and documents 
seem to be very important.     
 

All our conclusions are based on the fact.  

 

The aircraft took off Warsaw with 27 minutes 

delay – that is a fact. However 3,5 hours before, the 
pilots had preferred a flight plane, which had not been 
received by the Russians, because Lt.-Col. Plusnin, Air 
Traffic Controller was asking the PLF-101 crew about 
their alternatives airports.  
Flight plan sourced: 

http://www.rp.pl/artykul/2,541802.html

. 

 

Plusnin did know that there was PLF-101 on 

approach (Captain introduced himself under a call sign 
“Polish 101”, but the controller answered “Polish 
Foxtrot”, what evidences that he had only an 
announcement of the flight under a number), but if he 
had had a flight plan, where both alternatives were filled 
in, he would not request a piece of information 
concerning the alternative airports. 
 

Maybe suggestions to perform approach and fly 

Moscow, to out of Russia as in flight plan, commonly 
performed by PLF-044 and ATC, as well as for example 
incorrect command (only to they don’t go Belarus) or 
consultations with Moscow can indicate something. Also 
the fact that not ambulances, but the coroner had been 
requested and came just after the catastrophe (before 

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alarm was turned by the ATC tower) can indicate 
assassination as a case. Please however look once again 
on the situation happened in Warsaw.     
 

Because in extremely poor weather conditions 

Pilot-In-Command would not take off, but according to 
MAK Polish Air Force did not give him weather forecast, 
although Hydro Meteorological Office of Polish Armed 
Forces received civil weather forecast, not complying 
minimums for Tu-154M. Being under the pressure of 
delay and high importance of the ceremony Pilot-In-
Command decided to take off without weather forecast of 
destination airport. He had received only forecasts and 
current weather conditions of: 

1.  Warsaw Frederic Chopin International, 

Belarus (departure)  

2.  Minsk-1 International, Belarus (alternative) 
3.  Vitebsk International, Belarus (alternative) 
4.  Enroute Poland 
5.  Enroute Belarus 
6.  Enroute Russia 

 
Any meteo information for the destination airport he did 
not receive.  
 

Orderly officer of the 36

th

 Special Air Transport 

Regiment broke law and agreed for the take off, probably 
whereas prolonging delay.    
 

We would suggest a reflection about a problem, if 

the pilot would take off with imperfect weather 
conditions. Maybe people involved in organisation of the 
flight was going to protect the forecast before the eyes of 
the PIC. It seems to be impossible to be the weather 
forecast do not sent to the presidential flight! 

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Before the take off crew had been requested to the 

airport at 4:00AM, so the crew was very tired. Pilot-In-
Command had been performing before a flight to 
Smolensk on the 7

th

 of April on the morning with flight 

back on the evening. than same looking flight to Prague, 
Czech Republic. During a night come back at initial 
climbing the Tu-154M contacted birds, but there was no 
damage to the aircraft.  
 

On the 9

th

 of April, Pilot-In-Command on a day 

was interrogated by the commission examining collision 
with the bird. He was not able to get long sleep and take 
a rest. To get the airport at 4:00 on the 10

th

 of April from 

the place of leaving he had to get up at 1-2:00AM also on 
the 10

th

 of April.  

 

The evidence of the overworking and tiredness of 

the PIC is the flight plane, with incorrect flight altitude 
(6500 too low, according to the Tu-154M operational 
manual), which indicated lower air speed, bigger fuel 
consumption and farther delay. There were also 
typographical errors in the flight plane: instead of ASKIL 
AirNav point AKSIL had been filled, which could be a 
base of the flight plane rejecting or serious navigational 
problems enroute.     
 

According to the flight plane PLF-101 left 

Frederic Chopin Int. controlled zone at AirNav point 
BAMSO and farther directed on the east being in contact 
with Polish Area Control (Warsaw Control, zone SIE).  
 

During the flight, crew received civil weather 

forecast of the Smolensk Air Base via Notice to Airman 
Communication from civil Polish Air Navigation 
Services, concerning weather below minimums. Probably 
the PIC, who took off without military forecast asked 

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civil control to receive it. It is the fact that the crew 
should receive the fist forecast from Polish tower.  
 

The evidence is the comment of a crewmember: 

“It will be… Massacre will be. Nothing will be visible”.  
 

Future tens of the statement indicates, that they 

had a forecast, not then real weather conditions report.  
 

That is why the crew decided to continue the 

flight over Belarus to Smolensk.  
 

Else they would rather say “Maybe the weather 

will be better for an hour”.    
 

During enroute over Republic of Belarus PLF-101 

received via radio communication first actual meteo 
report: “Polish Air Force 1-0-1 for information at 6:11 
[GMT, local 10:11] Smolensk visibility 400m”.  
“Roger, Polish Air Force 1-0-1” – answered a navigator. 
But the crew, being in the same distance to the 
alternatives, as to the destination, decided to continue the 
flight. “We’ll approach, we’ll se” – decided Pilot-In-
Command. Co-pilot confirmed this decision. 
 

After entering the Area of Russian Federation, 

Moscow Control redirected PLF-101 to the Corsair 
Tower of Smolensk Air Base, using the frequency of 
124,0. Enroute communication had been carried out by 
the navigator in English language. It is clearly visible that 
perfect coordinated crew (over 20 years of common 
training and flights of the pilots) was performing flight 
and radio communication in custom variant.  
 

The radio communication with ATC in Smolensk 

had been carried out by the Pilot-In-Command, because 
the navigator operating Flight Management System was 
conducting flight direction in the pattern. Probably the 
PIC did not want to overwork the navigator, who was 

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operating systems and reading the altitude. The navigator 
successfully entered extended runway centreline and 
conducted it on approach.   
 

The fact that the co-pilot was not carrying out 

radio correspondence however can indicate something 
else – the captain wanted him to monitor airspeed due to 
autothrust turned on – a dangerous situation.  
 

Co-pilot before the approach had been monitoring 

and regulating airspeed. Co-pilot also had been talking 
with the crew of PLF-044.  
 

During entering the glideslope Pilot-In-

Command, that time was performing checklist with the 
navigator.  
 

Co-pilot was during that time responsible for 

visual ground observing. There are no any information 
about the visibility on approach, what indicates that the 
pilots were not searching ground in panic, but performing 
instrumental approach with correct roles dealing.  
 

However, everything shows, that they probably 

missed entering the glideslope. Although having all the 
indication of the systems and after a request of the ATC.  
 

However there is also another possibility – the 

problem is situated somewhere inside the speedometer. It 
is clearly visible that the co-pilot thought that they were 
flying 50km/h slower than in reality. If the speedometer 
failed, the autopilot could not maintained correct angle.    
 

Autopilot had a package of data from Flight 

Management System and was heading correct runway 
direction automatically  - there was no need to be the 
direction regulated by the navigator or co-pilot (pilot-in-
command had not his personal FMS panel in the aircraft).  

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Co-pilot could enter the glideslope regulating 

descending rate by a shifter, because the only autopilot 
main console is situated somewhere between the 
navigator and the PIC, far from the co-pilot. Because 
correct air speed, set by the crew basing on two factors: 
landing weight and flaps extending angle. Speed set by 
the co-pilot after the pre-landing briefing’s elements 
containing conversation, indicates that with flaps 36, total 
weight of the aircraft was about 80-86 tones, nearly the 
max landing weight. The aircraft therefore instead of the 
passengers had also additional load on the board, with 
high weight.  
 

Because the air speed had been regulated 

incorrectly by the autothrust, which according to the Tu-
154M operational manual the crew should not to turn on, 
it suddenly had increased, before the autothrust was able 
to react. Because of the high-speed, the autopilot was not 
able to maintain descending rate set by the autopilot, and 
became approaching over the glideslope.  
 

After passing the checklist, on the distance of 

8km from the runway threshold, Pilot-In-Command took 
control again. The deal of role in the crew seemed to look 
as following: 

1.  Pilot-In-Command: piloting, radiocom, 

instrument observer.  

2.  Co-pilot: visual observing, trying to reach 

visual contact with the ground. 

3.  Navigator: altitude controlling, reading current 

level over the runway.  

4.  Air engineer: engines work monitoring.  

 

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According to the pilots I was talking with, pilot as 

experienced as PIC of PLF-101 was able to turn on 
autothrust without consequences (so break manual rules) 
without any flight safety risk.  
 

Also the role dealing in cockpit can be rate as 

good, because for Pilot-In-Command, who was observing 
instruments it was simpler to communicate with ATC. He 
also was not searching the ground contact. Altitude was 
clearly monitored by the navigator, and all the 
crewmembers were to be informed about flight level 
permanently.  
 

Pilot-In-Command knowing altitude, attack angle 

and real descending rate was maintaining specified in 
approach charts glideslope descending angle. But he was 
flying above the glideslope and in parallel to the 
glideslope. There was a great risk of missed approach 
and overshot, but the PIC had not any information about 
flight level much above the glideslope.  
 

The Approach controller Capt. Victor Ryjenkho 

using Precision Approach Radar PAR-6M (RSP-6M) 
have seen perfectly that PLF-101 is about 330ft, so more 
than 30% above the glideslope, but with premeditation 
was informing PLF-101 about flight on correct course 
and glideslope.  
 

PLF-101 PIC had not any indication of spatial 

glideslope layout, so could only trust ATC and was 
performing precision approach maintaining correct 
descending rate by the angle shifter, he was regulating.  
 

After Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning 

System alert: “Terrain Ahead!” PIC had been again 
informed by the Air Traffic Control, that he was flying 

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on correct glideslope, conducting him to the runway. He 
was confused, confirming “On course, on glideslope”.  
 

Shortly after had orientated, about incorrect level, 

increased descending rate. The EGPWS (TAWS) 
command had been exacerbated from “Terrain Ahead!” 
to “Terrain Ahead! Terrain Ahead!” stage.  
 

On the increased descending rate airspeed 

increased above set, and autothrust reduced engine power 
to minimal, so called “little gas”.  
 

After reaching decision level, Pilot-In-Command 

ceased descending and had started missed approach 
procedure using automatic go around. 
 

Just before the descending ceasing, the EGPWS 

(TAWS) commanded: “Pull up! Pull up!” twice. Due to    
 

The later  situation can only be describe according 

to the photos of damaged to the trees, because it is to 
much evidence, that farther CVR transcripts is not 
truthful, and is incompatible to the reality.  

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Approach parameters – is the airspeed killer?  

 
 

It is not possible to conclude calculations above 

without truthful speed analyse. However there is no 
Flight Data Recorder sheet published, so only indications 
of the CVR are possible to be used in the calculation.  
 

There are three indications showing airspeed 

detectable in the transcripts:  

1.  Statements of the co-pilot concerning speed.  
2.  Time of the specific approach points passing.  
3.  Time of the markers signal.  

 
 

However only 2 first sources are examinable, 

because there is lack of data concerning momentary 
markers (NDB beacons) parameters and their 
characteristics.  
 

As it appeared in the subsection above airspeed is 

strictly related with descending parameters.  
 

In farther analyse the airspeed should be 

described with unusual emphasis to the all co-relations. 
 
 

According to layout of characteristic points in the 

pattern estimate values of a groundspeed can be 
calculated. In the pattern the co-pilot set automatic speed 
holding on 280km/h. He also confirmed reaching of the 
set speed, although according to calculations it is 
impossible to be the airspeed equal to his statement – it 
was a horizontal flight, therefore groundspeed could not 

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be different than the airspeed because of the very low 
power (speed) of wind.  
 

On the turning from the base to the final airplane 

reached speed of about 340km/h. 340km/h = 280km/h. 
Autopilot was therefore holding incorrect speed. 
 
On the final approach groundspeed, very similar to an 
airspeed (under those conditions no more different than 
5%, on 10-8 nearly identical) .  
 

  

Distance [km]  Time [sec.]  Speed [km/h] 

10-8 

21,4  

336 

8-6,1  

22,7 

309 

6,1-4 

19,4 

389 

4-3 

13,2 

272 

3-2 

12,1 

297 

2-1,1 

17,1 

189 

1,1 - crash 

7,3  

290 

Set speed: 280km/h 
 

 Please notice that according to the transcripts 

airspeed during approach had been set as 280km/h, so no 
less, no more, than 151kts. In the transcripts, it is 
possible to state that the crew probably missed the 
glideslope or due to the airspeed higher it was not 
possible to keep set descent angle. Heaving speed 
incorrect autopilot can induce flight over or below the 
glideslope if no ILS glide path available.  
 

The most possible situation was that the 

speedometer fault (clearly visible in the calculations and 
transcripts – it is impossible to be pilot stating “280” if 
there was 340 [km/h]). Due to this fault autopilot 
entering the glideslope did not enter it with correct angle, 
but 2 degrees less than set. Therefore practical angle on 
approach was about 0,5%. PIC was performing checklist 

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and missed that fact. Co-pilot that time was observing 
ground, not all the instruments, which moreover were not 
indicating the glideslope.  
 

PIC 8

th

 km to the threshold realized probably to 

less angle and increased it by a shifter (a knob). His taste 
turn out to be perfect, because an angle set by him (not 
precision) – “by ear” was perfect glideslope. 
 

Such situation cased unusual situation – the 

aircraft’s descent rate was correct, but each point of level 
on approach they were taking 2 km too far. 
 

ATC should be scared and afraid and heaving 

clear indications that the aircraft is flying above the 
glideslope did not report it him – in order to do not cease 
approach and do not fly to an alternative. It is unknown 
why Col. Krasnokutskiy told Capt. Ryjenkho to lay. 
Ryjenkho lied however “on course, on glideslope”, what 
was incorrect.  
 

PIC was confused by the statement of Ryjenkho, 

and thought that the path is correct – descent rate was 
correct, distance clearly unknown. He should be more 
confused because the parameters of the runway in the 
charts were incorrect and the “virtual” centre of the 
runway found by GPS was situated about 1km from the 
correct runway, moreover to the right (according to 
Google Earth-based charts analyses).  
 

  Under such conditions PLF-101 was about 330ft 

above the glideslope, but thinking that it is correct, due to 
ATC incorrect statements.   
 

 

 

Let’s now analyse the airspeed (estimated 

according to groundspeed calculation).    

 

 

Smolensk glideslope and autothrust aspects 

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Distance  Correct altitude  PLF-101  Charts 

10,4 

492  

500 

500 

10 

474  

500 

 

380 

500 

 

6,1  

297  

404 

300 

201 

330 

 

156 

246 

 

110 

146 

 

1,76 

120 

100 

 

1,1 

70 

20 

70 

1,0 

65 

>10 

 

00 

20 

 

 

 
 

The diagram shows relation between speed and 

flight level. However level below the runway, so below 0 
is not marked on the draw.    
 

Speed of the PLF-101 is marked by blue line, set 

speed, that the autopilot was not able to maintain is 
marked by dashed line, also blue.  
 

Red solid line shows altitude of the PLF-101 in 

relation to correct descending line (glidepath), which 
indicates glideslope, which is marked by dotted red line.  
 

Axis y gives a reference in both units of level and 

airspeed. In relation to red line, y category axis is 
calibrated in meters over the runway level. In relation to 
blue line y axis indicates airspeed in km/h.  
 

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Due to kinetic and potential energy 

transformation in this simple reference system, in 
situation of red value (level) decreasing blue value 
(speed) would decrease. Of course in contrary situation 
air speed would increase, when level decrease.  
 
 

Lift force forfeiture 

 

 

During the go around procedure take off (100%) 

power had been applied, but the aircraft did not perform 
go around. In place of this, descent rate increased rapidly.  
 

Pilot-In-Command reacted pulling up by the 

shuttlecock, but the aircraft did not react.  
 

Under such conditions nose of the aircraft should 

be pulled up several degrees more, than normally, what 
brought higher attack angle and stall possibility.  
 

There is a possibility, that the autopilot could not 

maintain aircraft’s balance, due to a deep stall and other 
complication characteristic for a stall.  

 

 

Distance 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

10 

12 

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There was no engines’ reaction, what is evidenced 

by lack of their power more than a dozen seconds before 
the impact, what in turn is evidenced by lack of the 
engines damage.  
 

Decreasing of the engines power to 0%, cased 

missed go around, because without additional thrust 
autopilot could not be able to execute re-ascending.  
 

It did not take the autopilot much time, but only 

several seconds to pull up reaching critical attack angle.  
 

Critical attack angle is an angle of ascending, 

where lift force became unbalanced and brings out stall 
effect, when aircraft falls down rapidly. Mostly during a 
stall a tail-spin effect appears. However it is possible to 
manage the stall by some activities of the crew and do 
not crash if only there is enough altitude left to perform 
sinking in order to increase speed. After increasing of the 
speed also angle of attack can be increased.  
 

If the aircraft is flying with a minimal speed 

critical angle is estimated below 0, so stall happens also 
in horizontal flight. During farther speed increasing also 
critical angle value decreases farther. Therefore even 
during a sinkrate stall can happen.  
 

During approach nose of the aircraft is little bit 

pulled up. Therefore minimal speed of the aircraft 
reaches more than in horizontal flight (for example 
enroute), that is why a package of wing mechanization is 
used to increase value of minimal speed and critical 
angle. Please notice that the critical angle and speed of 
the aircraft are directly proportional. When speed is 
higher – critical angle of attack can be higher. When 
speed is lower, also angle comes lower. Else – of course 
stall effect will appear.   

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Therefore stall speed parameter is also depended 

of the angle – if angle higher, stall speed higher.   
 

During approach of PLF-101 nose of the aircraft 

should be minimally pulled up to maintain glidepath – 
just like in every passenger aircraft. Please notice – that 
is why every huge passenger aircraft touches down firstly 
by its backhand gear.  
 

When on 100m a go around had been set 

automatic go around – according to PIC CVR-recorded 
declaration during briefing before the landing In situation 
of missed approach we go around on the automat. 
Captain was planning to use automatic go around 
pressing button “go around” (Ukhod) on the autopilot 
console. That is why all the farther activities should be 
examined in the autopilot’s point of view.  
 

Such assumption is directly confirmed by Russian 

MAK, who stated that: “Flight on the glidepath was 
proceeded with applied automatic pilot in yaw and bank 
channel, as well as the automatic thrust regulator. 
Turning off of the autopilot in yaw channel and 
automatic thrust happened during go around attempt 
respectively on 5 and 4 seconds before impacting the 
obstacle (tree), which initiated destruction of the aircraft 
construction. Turning off the autopilot in bank channel 
happened at the moment of the third collision with the 
obstacle, which initiated destruction of the 
construction.”
[unofficial translation].  
 

 This statement is in some measure comparable 

with the CVR transcripts. However lack of possibility of 
detecting of several fully identical sounds the same time 
evidences that the transcripts are matched to statement of 

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Mr. Morozov and his statement was not firstly based on 
real cockpit voice or data recordings. 
 

However it should be noticed that official Tu-

154M operational manual prohibits using automatic 
thrust regulation during approach to the runway similar 
to Smolensk. “During approach without Instrument 
Lansing System able to guide aircraft on the course and 
glideslope in autopilot’s regime on both modes zakhod 
and gliss applied, automat of the thrust should not be 
applied” 
[refers to ABSU-154-II autopilot; unofficial 
translation].  
 

Other words from the viewpoint of the operational 

manual decision of PLF-101 PIC to turn on the autothrust 
was an error. PIC was keeping speed through the 
computer realising suggestion of the navigator, optional 
crewmember.  
 

However should be a reason of the regulation 

prohibiting using of the autothrust during non ILS-guided 
approaches.      
 

During approach on sinkrate or for example flight 

above the glideslope and excessive descent to re-enter the 
correct path, speed increases naturally, what is also 
naturally countered by the computer. Software reacts by 
decreasing of the engines power. It is possible to be 
power decreased up to 0%, minimal engines power on 
turned on internal fuel burning. It is higher power, than 
so-called autorotation regime, however force produced 
by the engines is inappreciable – it is known in Russia as 
“little gas”. In Polish translation it had been used by PIC 
of PLF-101 as a command to the air engineer.  
 

During 0% power it is very simple to be the 

aircraft stalled during any pull up.  

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Such situation case Norilsk Air Disaster on the 

16

th

 of November 1981, when the crew tried to pull with 

“little gas” set by the autopilot’s software with autothrust 
turned on.  
 

Nearly 100 people died then, due to a stall.  

 

The type is characterised by deep stall strictly 

connected with nearly the all stall situation of Tu-154M, 
when there is no possibility to control aircraft under a 
stall. Therefore there is even much higher danger on 
critical angle, than in Boeing or Airbus aircraft without 
T-tail configuration.  
 

To protect before from the stall, there is a 

prohibition of using autothrust during approach. However 
there is no necessity of an air disaster only due to having 
it applied. Russians however preparing their version of 
the air disaster should have a starting point of the official 
version. They prepared CVR transcripts to evidence 
Norilsk Air Disaster circumstances also in Smolensk.  
 

However their tactics is much more complicated – 

current official version seems to be diving in gorge in 
order to descent below clouds and unfortunate contacting 
the trees, which by some miracle destroyed airframe. It is 
very probable that there will be a farther version, because 
current is not comparable with CVR transcripts. 
Therefore a stall should be announced by MAK.  
 

There is a lot of evidence that it really existed.  

 

Firstly there were three trees cut before the impact 

to the feral birch (which in unbelievable Amelin/MAK 
version destroyed left wing). They were according to 
MAK cut on the level of 2,5m, so before impacting the 
tree on 5m the right wing was damaging plants on 2,5. It 
is impossible to be trees cut so low, without excessive 

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bank angle (here to the right), because else the gear 
would touch down the ground, what did not happen due 
to lack of interceptor (spoilers) applied in the aircraft in 
automatic touch down reaction.  
 

Moreover there are no traces on the ground there, 

so about 900-1000m to the threshold of the runway. 
MAK also states only that the lowest altitude was 2,5m.   
Because time intervals analyse in CVR transcripts 
indicates that there should be an altitude of about -5m 
that moment, and the point of cut is situated according to 
MAK and our GPS about 15m below the runway level, 
the aircraft should be banked to the right on 30-34 
degrees, because the point of cut should be in a distance 
of half of the wingspan from the point of altitude 
measuring. 
37,55/2 = 18,775 [m] 
10/18,775 ≈ 0,53 [m/m] = Sinα  
Where α refers to estimate bank angle 
Caution: point of cutting location could be not a tip of 
wing, therefore some estimation should be introduced.  
 

Calculations indicate the sinus of bank angle of 

about 53, what equals angle of 32 degrees.  
Sinα = 0,53 ↔ α=32

o

 +/- 2

 o

 → 30

 o 

≤ α ≤ 34

   

Instead of the trees PLF-101 cut also some of the 

bush situated left from the runway centreline (the aircraft 
was therefore flying about 40-60m left from the 
centreline). Cut angle of the bush was a perfect mirror of 
the aircraft bank angle and was fully compatible with the 
calculation above.  
 

Dr Sergey Amelin accused bank angle of being a 

trial of preventing of the birch hitting, however according 

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to Mr Morozov there was still bank channel (known also 
as a stabiliser) applied.  
 

Stall induced bank angle as the first faze of a tail-

spin – when aircraft banks and falls on the nose spinning. 
Path of such spin looks like screw drown airborne by 
descending airplane.  
 

Of course during all the stall descent rate of the 

aircraft is very extreme and similar to a sinkrate – if 
drawn on a graph.  
 

Therefore when the stall happened physical forces 

where not only bringing PLF-101 down, but also tried to 
bank it left or right. Stabiliser – a software of bank 
channel was countering the bank permanently to prevent 
the aircraft of a t-tail. It is impossible to maintain own 
balance for the aircraft under stall and it is not depended 
of the method of control. It does not matter if the bank 
would be countered manually by the pilot or 
automatically by the software – there will appear an 
oscillation.  
 

Under the rules of pilot-inducted oscillation (PIO) 

the aircraft under given conditions must be oscillating 
more and more, performing higher and higher bank 
angles. After several up to dozen of seconds of such 
oscillation aircraft every time falls right or left to enter 
the tail-spin. Else if only the speed is satisfactory high, 
the aircraft will be able to be re-stabilised and perform a 
flight without undesired banks. 
 

Bank angles by itself unlikely upset stall speed 

value. That is why undergoing oscillation aircraft should 
have more speed to leave stall, than to be prevented 
before the stall in advance.  

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However loosing of about 100-120 meters of 

altitude (since more than 100m up to -15m) gave some 
speed to the aircraft, because it’s potential energy had 
been changed into kinetic.  
 

Classical mechanics would let us to describe the 

energy by very simple formula:  
 

mgh → (mv

2

)/2

  

  

2mgh → mv

 

∆V = √240*9,8 ≈ 48,5 m/s = 175 km/h 

 

Of course such value is only estimate, because 

classical mechanics is not invented to calculate aircrafts 
paths – characterised as one of most complicated 
reference system in the world, needing computer 
simulation. However the calculations indicates maximal 
acceleration due to energy transformation available for 
the aircraft in the last faze of the flight.  
 

10:40:48,7 – beginning of stall 

 

10:40:59,3 + 0,5s – lowest altitude before the 

impact 
 

∆t = 11,1s 

 

A ≈ 4,37m/s

2

   

 

Therefore maximal acceleration induced by the 

sinkrate was higher than maximal acceleration of the 
engines, which could be estimated on 3,2m/s

2

.  

 
 

Looking on the diagrams again it is possible 

notice that the software should change power several 
times, because of the airspeed changing completely 
incomparable with the descent rate. On approach speed 
was to high, so the autothrust reduced power of the 
engines. However later it increased it.  

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The crisis happened on the 2km when the descent 

rate changed suddenly into sinkrate. It was probably 
programmed fault of the autopilot, first stall due to 
engines problem or captain’s reaction, when he realized 
that flying above the glideslope.   
 

Please notice that in CVR transcripts crew several 

times set “little gas”, so minimal engines power to stop 
speed rapid increasing that would appear, during descent.  
 

Both lines are not compatible with their, correct 

twins. Every such situation indicates a pathology in 
approach conducting. Every time when red lines are not 
covered each other, ATC should inform the crew about 
flight over or below the glideslope.  
 

In situation, when blue lines are not fully 

homogeneous after infliction, autothrust of the autopilot 
should react by increasing or decreasing speed. Other 
words when speed is bigger than set autothrust would 
turn down engines power, if it is necessary until “little 
gas”. When airspeed level is lower than set, autothrust 
turns up engines power. Of course if it necessary it would 
increase power until 100% or until set speed reaching.  
 

ABSU-154-II is very simple autopilot system, 

looking very old-fashioned in comparing with current 
time devices.  
 

ABSU for example gives many half-automatic 

functions, based on shifters. By a shifter it is possible to 
set a radial of turning and set turning without a necessity 
of using navigation computer or B-NAV systems.  
 

Another shifter – descending/ascending is not 

similar to a joystick, but rather to shifter installed in F-22 
Raptor modern American fighter. However in contrast to 

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combat aircraft it does not set nozzles vector angle, but 
angle of descending.  
 

This shifter is also basic during descending on 

glideslope, because it is the only control, which makes 
PIC able to regulate descending speed on the glideslope, 
during approach without ILS.  
 

In most of western autopilots there is no such 

shifter, but a knob, setting descending rate. There is also 
target altitude parameter in western autopilots. To this 
level will the system descent with set descending rate and 
will take it in horizontal flight. This procedure concerns 
also ascending. You should also set your target level, 
above current level and reach it with set descending 
speed.  
 

In Tu-154M there is no target level parameter. It 

is possible to modulate very smoothly attack angle by the 
shifter – since descending 21 degrees until 29 ascending.  
 

It means that on approach it is possible to cease 

descending every moment and perform climbing, as well 
as carry out re-descending during climbing, without 
changing any functions.  
 

However the autopilot is not as primitive device, 

as it appears according to description above. There is also 
automatic approach function in two channels – glideslope 
and course on ILS. ABSU-154-II is also possible to 
perform fully automatic go around, after pressing one 
button, as well as direct on omni-directional beacon 
VOR. Autopilot in navigational mode, so with shifters 
active can also co-operate with navigational devices. 
Normally it works commonly with KURS navigational 
computer. Polish aircraft was equipped with Flight 

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Management System, diametrically expanding autopilot’s 
capabilities.  
 

However even without navigational computers 

applied, autopilot is able pitch current speed or a speed 
set – by a PIC or by co-pilot. There is also an automatic 
stabiliser and automatic level keeping function.  
 

Although there are many functions and working 

modes of the autopilot, there are only three channels of 
the autopilot: 

1.  “M” Stabiliser (kren), bank channel.  
2.  “V” Longitudinal channel (arretir).  
3.   “H” Autothrust channel (tangazh   

 
  

Autothrust channel works in scope of +/- 10km/h. 

There was an airspeed of 280km/h set. Therefore when it 
was dropped below 270km/h autothrust reacted by 
increasing of the power. When the airspeed reached 
290km/h or more the autothrust was decreasing power.  
 

It is clearly evidenced, that the autothrust had 

been damaged or the speedometer had been working 
incorrectly – as already described above.  
 

Of course it is possible to state, that decreasing of 

the airspeed after entering the glideslope at the distance 
of 10km was cased by descending.  
 

However it is not the truth.  

 

Please notice, that in CVR transcripts co-pilot 

reduces speed two times. Firstly to 400km/h down to 
280km/h. In a speed of 280km/h flaps were extended to 
28 degrees, what clearly indicates that the airspeed of 
less than 330 km/h had been reached, according to the 
avionics.   

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The speed was however higher. Moreover, co-

pilot stated “we have 280” what can only refer to the 
speed. 280km not equals 340km/h.  
 

 Also the time after beginning of the turning 

number 4

th

 until reaching entering of the glideslope (10-

10,4km) indicates, that the most possible airspeed that 
time was about 335-350km/h. 
 

 Therefore it is impossible to be airspeed 

incorrectness cased by the excessive descending.  
 

Speedometer was failed. Probably it was a part of 

sabotage plane, however it is possible to be Pitot tube, 
basic element of the speedometers iced or plugged. Such 
situation can take place due to sabotage, altimeter fault or 
crew error – anti-icing of the Pitot tube not to be turned 
on. Such situation took place on the 21

st

 of May 1986, 

when in Tupolev Tu-154 Pitot tubes became iced. 
Airspeed rapidly descended on the altimeter, below 
minimal, although in real it was no less than 800km/h. 
Crew added take off power and sunk 100m/s (25 floors 
of building each second), be scared of stall. This 
manoeuvre cased extreme g-load, damaging aircraft. 
Crew had landed safely, but the aircraft was written off – 
“damage beyond repair”.  
 

Analyzing of the FDR diagrams is simple, 

because of the engines’ power line, making simple 
comparing of the descending/speed parameter.  
 

However here only autothrust characteristics 

information can be useful to correctly analyze the 
diagram.  
 

In the first section, all the lines are parallels. It 

means, that no energy transformation had not been 
carried out.  

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Crew by some reason missed entering of the 

glideslope and to be not warned by the ATC continued 
horizontal flight on the final.  
 

However then airspeed dropped just before the 

descending start.   
 

It is possible that first engine problem, wind 

changing or delta of the speedometer error induced 
power decreasing. However after that time crew started 
descending.  
 

  

 

Please notice that Pilot-In-Command thought 

descending on correct glideslope, confused by ATC 
confirming “On course, on glideslope”. PIC was holding 
normal descending angle, although flying much over the 
glideslope.   
 

During that time autothrust reacted by reducing of 

the power, because the speed decreased without relation 
to the descent.  
 

Fluent modulating of the descending rate is 

clearly visible on the red line.  
 

Please notice, that the autothrust, pitching 

incorrect speed of 310-330km/h should change one’s 
mind and pitch speed of about 280-300km/h (still not 
correct 270-290km).  
 

However more possible is that the autothrust 

added power until reaching of the limit, and then started 
reducing of speed. 
However during reducing of the speed reached lower 
limit on four kilometres.  
Because the graph shows not maximal, but average 
speeds (every 1000-2000m) it is sure, that the speed on 

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distance of  3km should be higher and reach about 
330km/h.    
At the distance of 2km a sinkrate happened.  
Captain reacted by a shifter – he set ascending.  
In fact it is evidenced that on the all little bit excessive 
descending autothrust was reducing speed and it 
happened also on the last sinkrate. 
This manoeuvre is clearly visible on the red line.  
Because of the low engines power and pull up (to catch 
the glideslope, and not induce sink rate) speed became 
farther decreasing. 
Under this conditions engines’ power should be 
decreased.  
However it did not.  
At an altitude of 100m PIC pressed “Go around” button 
to perform automatic go around, because with a nose 
much pulled up he was not possible to land on that 
approach and he did not see the ground on the decision 
level. However engines stopped. It is visible, because the 
stall speed on the graph was reached before short 
horizontal flight.  
On stall speed autopilot pulled up.  
It is evidenced, because TAWS ceased to command “Pull 
up! Pull up!” and only became warning “Terrain Ahead! 
Terrain Ahead!”. With nose-up for 7 seconds autopilot 
maintained horizontal flight.  
After this time a deep stall appeared or the PIC tried to 
sink. However probably he did not know about the stall 
speed, because of the speedometer fault.  
He should know about engines fault and was not able to 
do anything.  

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Stall induced sink rate. It is evidenced by 20m/s 

descending rate oscillating characteristically for stall.  
During the stall aircraft became uncontrollable.  
It banked to the right and than to the left.  
Speed increased due to high descent rate.  
However there was no enough speed to cease descending 
and reach runway.  
Engines were not working because high-temperature 
gases did not damage tress or grass. Engines were also 
undamaged, although should round 20.000 times per 
minute.   
 

However on the level of 10m, when the PIC was 

able to touch down in the forest the aircraft should be 
attacked by a missile.   
 

Why not a pilot error (not self-inducing sinkrate) 

 

 

Path and terrain 

100 

300 

500 

700 

2000 

7000 

12000 

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A graph above shows relation of the glideslope and real 
path to the terrain. Terrain line is drown not above the 
runway, but above the sea level of 0 meters. Y axis is 
scaled in meters above the sea level, X axis in kilometres 
from the runway. Correct glideslope enter is a virtual 
point situated 500m over the runway in distance of 
10.4km. It is clearly visible on the graph in the place of 
black line’s breaking. 
Blue line refers to real path and red line of course refers 
to the terrain. 252m is a level of the runway over the sea 
level.  
This graph is similar to graphical analyzes of Dr Sergey 
Amelin, who – as it is already stated above – tried to 
evidence, that the descending had been carried out using 
the radio altimeter, which indicates in aircraft current 
distance to the terrain, so current altitude over terrain. 
Because of this fact, according to many descriptions path 
graphed above is an evidence on radio altimeter use. 
Graphing of such draw indicates some problems, because 
of lack of data from Flight Data Recorder, which still is 
kept in secret. Due to this fact points of every altitude 
reaching can be only estimate.       
However any relation of the path and terrain until last 
several seconds of the flight cannot be evidenced.  
Flight path has only relation to the glideslope and does 
not have relation to the terrain.  
A graph above delivers however piece of information 
about the TAWS settings.  

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Excessive descent rate graph, official material of Federal 
Aviation Administration of U.S. Shows, that TAWS 
alerts are dependent of descent rate and height above 
terrain. Commands of TAWS were however other, 
because there was no Instrument Landing System in 
Smolensk, the airport is not added to TAWS database 
(there is no Russian any airport in the database due to 
other pressure format, not QNG – TAWS base) as well as 
specific version of TAWS installed – it is unknown 
whether it was a military device.  
However rule of TAWS reaction is unchangeable: there 
are several steps of alerts. On the graph above, on the 
altitude of about 650m TAWS alerted first time using 

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alert “Terrain Ahead”. The alert had not been repeated 
regularly, but since the time of 150m over terrain 
crossing, TAWS changed command into “Terrain Ahead! 
Terrain Ahead!”, until altitude of 100m, when TAWS 
screamed “Pull up! Pull up!”.  
 
 

Terrain Impact 

 

 

Once again - during go around procedure take off 

(100%) power had been applied, but the aircraft did not 
perform go around, the descent rate increased rapidly.  
 

Pilot-In-Command reacted pulling up by the 

shuttlecock, but the aircraft did not react.  
 

There is a possibility, that the autopilot could not 

maintain aircraft’s balance, due to a deep stall.  
 

Because although 100% power had been applied 

and a stall took place, there should not be any engines 
power that time. Another words engines did not react on 
the full power setting.  
 

During the terrain impact engines were dry – 

because did not take fire. For the reason that there were 
no any engines rounds, all of them were turned off (or 
failed) 15-20s before the impact, so just on the decision 
level of 330ft, during max power setting.  
 

The main case of the catastrophe was therefore 

engines failure.  
 

There are several possibilities to be the work of an 

engine stopped. On the common sense, it is possible to 
state, that during break in fuel pumping installation, or 
technical fault (self-acting fault, fatigue, mechanical 
damage). There is also a possibility to be engines failed 

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(all the engines) due to a bird strike, for example during 
famous and well-known Airbus emergency landing of the 
Hudson river. But there was no any confirmed bird 
activity over Smolensk. Moreover, never in the history 
any Tu-154M has had any engines problem, casing 
serious safety occurrence, because of bird strike.  
 

There was only one situation when all the engines 

suddenly ceased working, after the air engineer did not 
apply fuel installation – however such error can only 
happen just after the take off , in initial climbing phase, 
except during approach.  
 

So the only case of engine problems can be 

sabotage or terrorism act, because failure of all engines 
(just after an overhaul) in one, specific moment of go 
around procedure, could not happen coincidentally.  
 

 All the steering during impact was usable, 

because all the rudder of horizontal stabilizer was moved 
to down, right wing aileron were made up, and a vertical 
stabilizer rudder surface was moved to the right.  
 

On the photos of the aircraft crashed, there is a 

horizontal stabiliser’s trimmer in pull-up position and 
rudder drained in little, but not full pushdown position. 
However the aircraft was not navigable, because the 
angle of trees cut indicates, that from the time of first 
trees contact to the terrain impact aircraft several times 
banked up 4-5 times. According to time interval of 4-6 
seconds, it should be an oscillation cased by deep stall 
effect.  
 

 According to Mr Alexei Morozov, deputy of the 

MAK head, the autopilot in yoke channel had been 
switched off during the hit in birch-tree. Nevertheless, 
before according to Sergei Amelin (which is confirmed 

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by the photos from the place of accident) before that 
impact, the aircraft was tilted to the right and was during 
re-tilting to the left. The evidence is an angle of trees 
bezel. Analyzing the photos it possible to notice, that the 
velocity of the returning to the left was high, which 
clearly evidences stall – pilot cannot do it because the 
autopilot was that time stabilizing the flight.  
 

Having no possibility to perform go around, due 

to no power, PIC performed emergency landing, with 
touch down in a distance to the runway threshold.  
 

Farther trees cutting angle indicates, that max 

bank angle on the left reached about 60 degrees (!), and 
than 30 degrees on the right(!).  
 

During touch down, the aircraft was nearly 

stabilized with little bank to the left, but deepening. 
There was a hard landing, with high g-force of probably 
8g.  
 

Under such conditions left gear, which touched 

down as first make the felt wing broken, and cased, it’s 
fall of.  
 

The aircraft’s tail, with very heavy engines broke 

on two in half of the pre-last body section, because of the 
high g-force, which made the tail extreme heavy, much 
more, that the airframe was certified to survived.  
 

It is a normal situation concerning Tu-154 

aircraft, very common in hard landings of this model. 
The best example can be hard landing of Malev 
Hungarian Airlines Tu-154 in Prague, Czech Republic in 
on the 21

st

 of October 1981, when the aircraft hit the 

runway with a 4g acceleration braking on 10 seat rows 
from the tail section, just behind the wings. Nobody died 
then, but the aircraft damage was serious. The huge part 

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of the aircraft’s airframe has been steel present in the 
bush at the Prague Airport.  
 

Because the tail section had been clearly cut on 

the photos from the PLF-101 catastrophe place, it is just 
like in Prague broke on two.  
 

Tu-154M belongs to the group of aircraft with 

engines on the tail, so (excluding much smaller inter alia 
Cessna and Golfstreem models) the most unsafe aircraft 
in the world. Poor statistics characterise McDonnell- 
Douglass, Douglass, Ilyushin, Tupolev, Yakovlev, Sud 
Aviation, Vickers aircraft with engines on the tail. Please 
notice that such aircraft every time have also wings 
moved back, what is a natural consequence of moved 
back centre of gravity.  
 

When the aircraft like Tu-154 M, touches down, 

by its gear a physical lever arises without directly levied 
on the airframe.  
 

The levers summary length cannot be greater than 

a distance between engines and gear.  
 

In Prague this distance was maximal, so with the 

overload of 4g, Tu-154 brakes up in the place of wing 
clip – were strong centerwing is situated.  
 

In PLF-101, looking like indicating the flight 

direction first bigger elements laying on the ground are 
back passenger parts of 2 seat rows, gallery, two toilets 
as well as tail section with engine compartment.  
 

It indicates clearly that a lever, enough to break 

aircraft came into being in a distance 2 times smaller than 
in Hungary. There is no much difference concerning 
engines weight and weight of the passenger section.  
 

Of course, even in this situation it is very difficult 

to calculate g-load. 8 is only the estimation. 

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However, 8g touch down and tail section losing 

was not the only effect of the ground hitting. Moreover, 
the tail paradoxically was the best-conserved part of the 
aircraft. Tail as a separated part starts bouncing which 
indicated following effects: 

1.  The right engine #1 left frame and hit the 

ground.  

2.  There was no any damage for the #1, but with 

such strike, lb5.000 engine should be 
completely damaged if only mechanical parts 
were revolving. #1 was shutdown during the 
hit, its revelation was not faster than 
autorotation, fuel flowing was stopped. The 
external housing of the engine was damaged, 
but - must say - housing is not revolving 
mechanical part of the engine, but rather a part 
of the aircraft holding the engine. Face of the 
compressor disc left its envelope.       

3.  A engine #3 foremost compressor disc left its 

engine, but the vans of the disk were damaged 
in less than 15%. 85% of the vans were in 
perfect condition. Nevertheless, please imagine 
condition of the vans during hit with revolving 
20.000 rounds per minute. Undamaged vane 
rate would reach 0%; disk would be 
disintegrated. This is specific situation, because 
hitting ground revolving part, would be 
completely free – not connected with mother 
engine. Under such conditions during impact 
fan disc would be parted on 10 or even 100 
parts. Many of this would be probably possible 

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to find in a distance of several kilometres, not 
50m. Soloviev D-30-KU-154-II foremost disc’s 
diameter estimates 1,4m, and with full thrust 
(take off100% power according to MAK had 
been added). Therefore, if it would be a truth, a 
disc would rotate 333 times per second and if 
we imagine it as a wheel of a car, it would ride 
circa 6500 mph! Please imagine now what 
would make with such extremely fast rotating 
disc power, which completely destroyed 
lb20.000 airplane. Even in low engine power 
about 10%, so much less than on normal 
approach engines would be destroyed. 
Destroyed much more, than the airframe.  

4.  The vertical stabilizer left the tail during the hit 

and flew on its own 50m. After the ground, 
impact it performed one turning airborne and in 
normal layout stand left from the clearly visible 
aircraft’s centreline. The horizontal stabilizers 
and rudders were destroyed and laying on the 
centreline. The vertical (direction) rudder was 
turned right.  

5.  Tail section had been turned over, so the space 

after the stabilizer touched ground, but also 
directed opposite to the flight course. Other 
words engine nozzles were indicating flight 
direction (west), as well as the rest of the 
aircraft.  

6.  The little part of the passenger compartment 

was situated also inverted, also turned out, and 
even more far to the rest of the aircraft, than a 
tail. It means that the tail had been inverting 

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after the impact. It is not truth, that parts of the 
aircraft situated rearmost had contacted ground 
firstly. It is idiot conception, because under this 
conditions, aircraft would have to fly back, 
what is impossible. Please for example do not 
believe in such reasoning representing by Dr. 
Sergei Amelin. If it would be truth, it means 
that the ground is a big area of stick. That 
would be why, any element did not perform 
several turnings off. Please notice that when 
the aircraft is destroyed during the hit, parts 
will be flying all the directions and 90% of 
them will make half, one  or several turnings 
off.   

7.  The #3 engine did not left his place in the tail 

compartment, it is situated inside the airframe, 
like in the past. It’s down door flap using by 
the ground service to get access to the engine, 
is taken from the hinge, and left big hole, that 
is able to be admire on the pictures, however 
#2 engine is not visible on any picture.  

 

 

At the moment of the tail breaking also another 

damages should happened, because of much higher 
destroy rate of the other aircraft body and airframe parts. 
Main part of the airframe in a centerwing situated circa in 
1/3 of total aircraft’s length – it is moved back.  
 

On the centerwing two low wings, long and thin 

are going to the back with high angle as in a passenger 
aircraft. In Boeing B-727 wings, although shorter seem to 
be much more solid. Please notice, that B-727, archetype 
of Tu-154 has gear situated under the body, but Russian 

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design has gear situated on the wing, like many other 
aircrafts.  
 

Gear of Tu-154 has not a tendency to collapsing, 

although there were such situations after rolling off the 
runway. Nevertheless, during very hard landing it is 
possible for the wing to cracking, because of their high 
load rate, because of the main gear.  
 

According to Russian pilot Mr Ivan Khohlov, 

former Aeroflot flight instructor (on Tu-154, Tu-134, Il-
62) and former member of air accident investigating 
commission, who spend airborne 18.000 hours, including 
10.000 as a pilot of Tu-154, the aircraft did not hit upside 
down, as MAK states.   
 

 To my mind, it was a technical fault. Flaps were 

extended on 28 degrees in the aircraft, so the pilots made 
them up, during go around in automatic mode at a level 
of 100 or 80 meters. Plane from unknown cases went 
down.  Pilots wouldn’t give up landing configuration 
(which admittedly evidences making up flaps)  for go 
around configuration, if they wanted to land. Flap 
making up lasts a while, it is not just, that I set suddenly 
they are up.   
 

In the last phase of the flight, when the pilots pull 

the rudder it was already no time for thinking about the 
flaps, so they had been set up earlier.  
 

It is complete tommyrot that the aircraft impacted 

allegedly turned over. It never took place yet. Tupolevs 
with subtracted huge parts of wings were come back 
airport safely. It is not just, that an aircraft ad hoc turns 
out in 3 seconds. It weights 80-100 tones! Please 
visualize yourself that it is so much as 1200 adult man.  

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http://www.naszdziennik.pl/index.php?typ=po&dat=201
00804&id=po18.txt

 

 

It seems to be very truthfully, but Mr Khohlov 

also explains what could happened with Tu-154M after 
hard landing and losing it’s tail with engines, which is 
typical behaviour, confirmed by Tu-154 accidents. 
 

They tried to settle emergency on the mead before 

the runway, but the aircraft swing so much in lateral 
side, that strongly hit the ground either left or right wing, 
or even gear. The hit had been so strong, that it cased 
detachment of wing-gear section from the centerwing and 
the aircraft broke on two. Fuselage became smashed. 
Both centerwing parts, along with main wing parts with 
gear  fall in upside down position. After a huge impact 
elements somersault.  
– explained Khohlov.  
 

Maybe version of Khohlov is not a flashpoint on 

the way to reach the truth, but it puts in plain words what 
should happened with the aircraft after the touchdown, 
when it destroyed, losing the tail. 
 

   The real sequence of events could be simple: 

1.  Left gear contacts ground (on the satellite photos, 

left gear trace is longer), it is not possible to be 
the aircraft upside down, because there is mud on 
all the landing gear tires. 

2.  During touching down of the right gear, the tail 

was to be cut off by the g-load force, and the left 
wing ruptured. The traces of the gear suddenly 
turn left, just as a left gear collapse happened, but 
on the aircraft photos (after the air disaster), the 
gear is undamaged, and so the wing should 
rupture.  

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3.  The left wing and the tail became somersaulting 

and farther damaging.  

4.  The centerwing, without mainstay of left gear 

also hit ground; the section closer to the 
centerwing had been cut off from the fuselage by 
the impact force, and during farter movement 
separated from the right wing. Both wings had to 
fall in upside down position, because the side 
with gear is not stabilize with single gear section. 
There was not possibility for the wing to maintain 
the stabilisation on this side, so it overturned.  

5.  Foremost part of the compartment during 5g also 

had been damaged, as seriously, as about 20% of 
the fuselage was able to cut off from the foremost 
interval. The damage of this section is the most 
interesting because both back and belly are 
destroyed, but both walls with windows survived. 
It means that this part received two impacts: first 
in normal position, second after overturning.   

6.  It was however only about half time of the 

impact, so there was some reserve of speed and g-
load was enough to complete aircraft destroying. 
On this stage only about 50% of the fuselage 
without main gear and wings was able to be 
somersaulting on its own. It was farther 
somersaulting and there was farther damage 
process.  

7.  The foremost fuselage shallow dug mud, and 

overturned to forward, because the cockpit is 
fully destroyed (due to pressure of the fuselage 
remains) and the nose with radar cover (on the 
some pictures even beautiful, modern-looking 

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RDR-4B antenna is visible), launched to forward. 
Finally, the foremost part with completely 
smashed cockpit once again hit ground, which 
finally disintegrated its construction. In the 
foremost part (excluding cockpit), many people 
could survive, because their primary injuries were 
not huge. For example Mr Kaczynski had left leg 
cut away. Nevertheless, he had also post-mortem 
injuries. His left leg was probably cut off during 
last overturning, when overloaded table in his 
compartment should hit him and cut wing. 
However, Mr Kaczynski died during the last 
impact.  

 
 

Survival aspects however were not hopeless due 

to not extreme g-load. With 8 or even more overload 
fighter pilots every day fly, turn and train combat 
operations. It is not truth, that they could not survive so 
high g-force only due to special overload overall.                      
 

                 

 

Future 

 

 

 

Farther investigation will be carried out just as it 

is now – by Russian, Polish and interstate (consisted with 
Russians only) commission. In addition, Polish and 
Russian prosecution will conduct own investigation. 
Such complicated investigation process indicates 
problems with documentation and evidence examination 
co-operation.  
 

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There is a possibility that MAK and than Polish 

military commission (possessing Flight Data Recorder 
parameters on CD) will state, that the reason of the 
catastrophe was simple pilot error, concerning controlled 
sinkrate into gorge and crash during missed go around. It 
could be however too predictable and risky, due to high 
number of counter evidence, beyond MAK’s evidence.  
 

That is why much probable is another version.  

 

Because on the 19

th

 of May 2010, in the official 

preliminary report MAK stated that:  

1.  There was no any technical fault or terrorist 

attack.  

2.  Pilots’ training system was poor.  
3.  The pilots were unwell prepared.  

 
 

 

 

Therefore, the only version that could MAK show 

is a pilot error. Because there are many conflicted each 
other versions, concerning that factor – MAK has to 
choose and present one, consistent version, of course 
concerning pilot’s error.  
 

MAK forged CVR transcripts to be the official 

version (compatible with CVR and preliminary report) as 
following:  

1.  During approach the crew in conflict with 

manual, turned on autothrust channel. 

2.  When above the glideslope, PIC increased 

descending angle, which case speed increasing.  

3.  When the speed had been increasing, autothrust 

reduced engines power to 0 (little gas).  

4.  On the decision level, PIC ceased descending, 

and performed for 7 seconds a horizontal flight, 

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but due to 0% power setting, there was no 
enough power to maintain level – speed 
increased rapidly.  

5.  Aircraft had stalled, crashed after 10-15 

seconds and broke into parts.  

 
 

MAK will blame the pilot to fail go around and 

crash, due to horizontal flight attempt on 0% power.  
 

Nobody will notice that the engines were turned 

off, nobody will notice, that the autothrust would 
automatically (step by step) add 100% start power after 
the stall or even before, due to speed parameter less than 
added.  
 

Nobody will ask why the Terrain Awareness 

Warning System commanded mortally “Pull up!”, why 
there was no a sound signal of stall speed in the flight 
deck, although such devices had been installed, as one of 
the basic airliner warning equipment. Nobody will also 
ask how was it possible to cease descending in several 
seconds from 20m/s sinkrate. Nobody will ask why after 
full power setting TAWS did not alert: “Don’t sink! 
Don’s sink!”. Nobody will ask why the Russians lay 
again…   
 

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Meters to feet multiply by 3,281 
Feet to meters multiply by 0,305 
 
Km/h to knots multiply by 0,539 
Knots to km/h multiply by 1,853 
 
Km to nm multiply by 0,539 
Nm to km multiply by 1,852 
 
M/s to ft/m multiply by 196,8 
Ft/m to m/s multiply by 0,0051 
 
Pounds to kg multiply by 0,453 
Kg to pounds multiply by 2,205  
 
Litters to gallons multiply by 0,264  
Gallons to litter multiply by 3,785 
 
Kg to gallons multiply by 0,33 
Gallons to kg multiply by 3,03