CALMAX/CARMO

WELD and TIG-WELD

Coated electrode and TIG filler rod

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses.

It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose.

2

CALMAX/CARMO
WELD/TIG-WELD

Welding of
plastic mould steel and
cold work steel

Calmax/Carmo WELD is a basic coated electrode
and Calmax/Carmo TIG-WELD is a TIG filler rod.
These are suitable for welding of the Uddeholm tool
steels Calmax and Carmo.

Calmax/Carmo WELD is LMA-treated, which means
that the electrode is less sensitive for moisture.

Calmax/Carmo WELD and Calmax/Carmo TIG-WELD
gives a weld metal identical in composition to
Calmax and Carmo and are characterized by:

• Good toughness

• Good wear resistance

• Good flame and induction hardenability

• Good polishability

• Good photo-etchability.

For polishing and photo-etching Calmax/Carmo TIG-
WELD is recommended.

CALMAX/CARMO WELD

Weld current: DC positive pole.

Diameter

Length

Current

Voltage

mm

mm

A

approx.

2,5

350

65–110

23

3,25

350

80–165

23

Re-drying temperature: 400°C (750°F), 1 hour.

CALMAX/CARMO TIG-WELD

Diameter, mm

Length, mm

1,6

1000

Welding of
Calmax and Carmo

GENERAL

Good results when welding tool steel can be
achieved if proper precautions are taken during
welding (elevated working temperature, joint
preparation, choice of consumables and welding
procedure). If the tool is to be polished or photo-
etched, it is necessary to use a filler material that
has the same chemical composition as the base
material.

Storage of electrodes

Always keep the electrodes in a thermostatically
controlled drying cabinet, 50–150°C (120–300°F),
once the pack has been opened. The electrodes can
be stored unpacked, so long as they are kept in the
cabinet. Make it a rule that electrodes used for
welding are clean and absolutely dry.

CLEANING OF TOOL

Clean the tool carefully with degreasing agent or
by grinding before welding. The surfaces in the
vicinity of the intended repairs/adjustment should
be cleaned to base metal prior to doing anything.
Make sure that the cavity surfaces are protected
during welding, especially if these are polished.

JOINT PREPARATION

For a satisfactory welding result, it is imperative
that the region to be welded is carefully prepared.
Cracks should be ground out so that the joint
bottom is well rounded and such that the sides
make an angle of least 30° to the vertical.

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is
intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses .
It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific
properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a
particular purpose.

Welding

Gas tungsten arc

Shielded metal arc

method

welding GTAW/TIG

welding SMAW/MMA

Filler metal

CALMAX/CARMO

CALMAX/CARMO

TIG-WELD

WELD

Hardness
after welding

58–61 HRC

58–61 HRC

3

CALMAX/CARMO

WELD/TIG-WELD

Wrong!

The breadth of the joint bottom should be at least
1 mm greater than the diameter of the electrode
plus coating. Any damage occurring during welding
should be ground down to “sound steel” before
re-welding.

PREHEATING TEMPERATURE

The temperature of the tool during the entire
welding process should be maintained at an even
level. This is best achieved using electrical heating
elements.
If the tool is preheated in a furnace prior to welding,
then it is important that the furnace temperature is
below 200°C (390°F) when the tool is put in.

Soft

Pre-

annealed

Hardened

hardened

Hardness

200 HB

58 HRC

56 HRC

240–270 HB

Working

200–250°C

180°C

220°C

200–250°C

temp.

(390–480°F)

(355°F)

(430°F)

(390–480°F)

Max. inter-

400°C

250°C

350°C

400°C

passtemp.

(750°F)

(480°F)

(660°F)

(750°F)

Small repairs with TIG can be made at room tem-
perature. For MMA-welding is preheating recom-
mended.

POST TREATMENT

Soft

Pre-

annealed

Hardened

hardened

Hardness

200 HB

58 HRC

56 HRC

240–270 HB

Cooling 20–40°C/h (70–100°F/h) for the first 2 hours
rate

then freely in air

Heat

Soft anneal

Temper

Temper Stress relieve

treatment

Harden

200°C

275°C

550°C

Temper

(390°F)

(520°F)

(1020°F)

2 h

2 h

2 h

HRC
65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

100 200 300 400 500 600 °C

200

400 600 800 1000 1200°F

Holding time 2 x 2h

TEMPERING GRAPH FOR FILLER MATERIAL

Hardness after welding 58–61 HRC.

BUILDING UP THE WELD

The root runs should be made with a small diam-
eter electrode (Ø max. 3,25 mm). If TIG-welding, the
current should be limited to 120 A. The first two
runs should always be welded with the same low
heat input, while a greater heat input can be used
for the remaining layers.

Ensure that the heat from each run tempers the
previous run. Hence even for very minor repairs, the
minimum number of runs should be two. Use a
short arc and weld in separate runs. Do not oscillate
the gun. Angle the electrode 90° to the joint sides in
order to avoid undercut. In addition, the electrode
should be held at an angle of 75–85° to the direc-
tion of forward movement.

For small repairs and for the final runs along the
fusion line, TIG-welding is to be preferred. The
transition region between weld and base steel
should be carefully inspected prior to stopping
welding. Arcing sores or undercut should be
repaired while the tool is still hot. After welding, the
final layer of weld metal is ground away prior to any
heat treatment.

If the tool is to be polished or photo-etched TIG
welding is to be preferred so that pores, arcing
sores or undercut can be avoided.

For more detailed information, see the Uddeholm
brochure “Welding of Tool Steels”.

✘

✘

Right!

4

CALMAX/CARMO
WELD/TIG-WELD

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Edition: 2 10 2003

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