WYKA
AD VII
W
GLOWODANY
Aldehydy i ketony
O O O
HC H3C C H3C CH2 C
H H H
aldehyd mrówkowy (formaldehyd) aldehyd octowy propanal
O O O
H3C (CH2)2 C H3C (CH2)3 C H3C (CH2)4 C
H H H
butanal pentanal heksanal
CH2 OH
CH2 OH
CH OH
C O
C
CH2 OH
H O
dihydroksyaceton
aldehyd glicerynowy
Cukry i ich pochodne
CHO CHO
O O
CH2OH H CH2OH H
H C OH H C H
H H H H
H C OH H C OH
H OH H OH
H C OH H C OH
OH OH OH H
CH2OH CH2OH
Ä…-D-rybofuranoza D-ryboza Ä…-D-2-deoksyrybofuranoza D-2-deoksyryboza
CHO CHO
CH2OH H
H C OH HO C H
O O
H H OH H
HO C H H C OH
H CH2OH
OH H H OH
H C OH HO C H
OH OH H OH
H C OH HO C H
H OH OH H
CH2OH CH2OH
Ä…-D-glukopiranoza D-glukoza ²-L-glukopiranoza L-glukoza
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
CH2OH CH2OH H CH2OH
C O C O
HO C H H C OH
H OH OH H
H OH HOH2C OH
H C OH HO C H
H C OH HO C H
OH H H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
Ä…-D-fruktofuranoza D-fruktoza ²-L-fruktofuranoza L-fruktoza
 55 
CHO CHO
CH2OH CH2OH
HO C H H C OH
O O
H H OH H
HO C H HO C H
H H
OH OH H C OH OH H HO C H
OH OH H OH
H C OH H C OH
H H CH2OH H OH CH2OH
Ä…-D-mannopiranoza D-mannoza Ä…-D-galaktopiranoza D-galaktoza
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
O H H
H H
H
H
OH H
OH H
OH OH
OH OH
H N C CH3
H NH2
H O
Ä…-D-glukozamina Ä…-D-N-acetyloglukozamina
(2-deoksy-2-amino-Ä…-D-glukopiranoza) (2-deoksy-2-amino-N-acetylo-Ä…-D-glukopiranoza)
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
OH H
H H
H,OH
O
OH H OH H
H H
H OH H OH
laktoza (4-O-²-D-galaktopiranozylo-D-glukopiranoza)
H H
O O
O O
H2N C H3C C NH C
OH OH
O
OH H OH H
H OH H OH
H C OH H C OH
H H H H
H C OH H C OH
CH2OH CH2OH
kwas neuraminowy kwas N-acetyloneuraminowy
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
H H H
H H
H,OH
OH H OH H
OH O
H OH H OH
maltoza (4-O-Ä…-D-glukopiranozylo-D-glukopiranozoa)
 56 
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
H H
H H
H,OH
O
OH H OH H
OH H
H OH H OH
celobioza (4-O-²-D-glukopiranozylo-D-glukopiranozoa)
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
H H
O
H
H H
OH H H
OH
OH H
O
OH
H OH
CH2
H OH O
O
CH2OH
O
H
H H OH
H,OH
H CH2OH
OH H
OH
OH H
H OH
izo-maltoza (6-O-Ä…-D-glukopiranozylo-D-glukopiranoza) sacharoza (2-O-Ä…-D-glukopiranozylo-²-D-fruktofuranozyd)
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
O O O O O
H H H H H H H H H H
H H H H H
OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H
OH O O O O OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH
skrobia (amyloza)
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
H H H H
H H
OH H OH H
OH O
O
H OH H OH
CH2
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
O O O O O
H H H H H H H H H H
H H H H H
OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H
OH O O O O OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH
skrobia (amylopektyna) i glikogen
 57 
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
O O O O O
H H H H H H
H H H H H
O O O O
OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H
OH H H H H OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH
celuloza
O
C
OH
O CH2OH
H
H O
O
H
O
OH H
H
H
O
H
OH H
H OH
H HN C CH3
O
kwas hialuronowy
O
C
OH
O CH2OH
H
H O
O HSO3O
O
OH H
H
H
O
H
H H
H OH
H HN C CH3
O
siarczan chondroityny
O O
CH2OH
C C
O
HO CH C OH C O
O O
O
C OH C O
H H C H C
HO C H HO C H
OH OH
CH2OH CH2OH
witamina C w formie nienasyconego
witamina C (kwas L-askorbinowy) kwas L-deoksyaskorbinowy
pierścienia furanozowego
 58