The Nobel Prize for Literature











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The Nobel Prize for Literature






You are going to read a magazine article about the Nobel Prize for literature. For questions 1 -7, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.








By the time of his death in 1896, the Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel had accumulated a fortune equivalent to one hundred and fifty million pounds in today's terms. According to his will, the bulk of his fortune was put into a trust and the interest from this should be used to fund five yearly prizes awarded to individuals or institutions who distinguished themselves in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and international peace. The Nobel Prize for literature, which is awarded by the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, has become the most prestigious literary award in the world today.The winner of the Nobel Prize for literature is usually announced on a Thursday morning in October, though it has been known to be as late as November on the occasions when the Nobel committee have had trouble reaching a consensus. Which Thursday the announcement will be made on is kept a closely guarded secret until forty-eight hours beforehand, and then the information is released to the press.The Nobel committee is made up of eighteen members of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, who have the daunting task of sifting through the two hundred or so nominations that are received every year. This process is also carried out behind closed doors, as the last thing the committee wants is a three-ringed circus surrounding their deliberations.A writer's formal nomination must have been received by the Academy no later than the first of February of the year in question. Then, a sub-committee made up of five members of the Academy considers the nominations and quite quickly reduces the list to fifteen names. By the end of May this list has been further reduced to six finalists. This short list is then presented to the whole committee on 31st May, just before the Academy begins its summer recess.During the summer break the members of the committee have time to read the material of the short-listed writers in depth. On returning to the Academy in mid September, each member presents a paper they have prepared, giving their reasons for the final choice they have made. These choices are then debated in full sessions of the Academy on the next few Thursday evenings between 5.00 and 6.30 pm, until a majority decision is reached. When this happens, a morning meeting is announced for the following Thursday, when an official ballot is held.The ballot is held in an elegant eighteenth century room at the Academy. The members of the committee write their choice on a piece of paper. These papers are then placed one by one into an antique silver drinking tankard called a 'stop' in Swedish. They are then counted by the secretary, who leaves the room at exactly 1.00 pm and walks through a grand hall to his own office where the press are waiting. He officially discloses the name that appeared most often on the pieces of paper in the 'stop'. This is how the world learns who the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature is.Like every other high profile award, there is a certain amount of controversy surrounding it. This has been true since the first award, which went to Sully Proudhomme. Outside France this was not regarded as a popular choice, as most writers felt that it should have gone to Leo Tolstoy. In fact, several writers of great distinction, such as Joyce, Gorky and Brecht were never honoured with this prize, while there were winners whose work was popular in their day but did not stand the passage of time.However, despite this controversy, the world of literature waits with bated breath every autumn to learn who the recipient of the ultimate literary honour will be for that year.















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According to Nobel's will, the interest coming from his fortune should  ?    fund prizes awarded to five outstanding scientists.  ?    fund prizes granted for excellence in five areas of human endeavour.  ?    be given to five distinguished philanthropists.  ?    be spent by the Swedish Academy in Stockholm.
When is the Nobel Prize for literature announced?  ?    on the last Thursday in October  ?    on a Thursday in October or November  ?    after the press have been notified of the winner  ?    when the committee manage to come together
The nominations for the Nobel Prize for literature are examined by  ?    all the members of the Swedish Academy.   ?    an eighteen-member committee.  ?    a fifteen-member committee.  ?    a five-member committee.
What happens in May each year?  ?    The six finalists for the Nobel Prize are chosen.  ?    The Nobel committee presents the short list to the public.  ?    The Nobel committee begins its summer holidays.  ?    A sub-committee is formed.
What do the members of the committee do during the summer?  ?    They have discussions with the writers.   ?    They prepare a short list.  ?    They study the finalists' books and prepare a presentation of their choice.  ?    They read all the nominees' books.
Who is the first to know the winner's name after the ballot?  ?    the Press  ?    the secretary of the committee  ?    the Academy members  ?    the writer
Why did the first award of the Nobel Prize for literature cause controversy?  ?    French people did not agree with the choice made.   ?    Tolstoy felt that he should have got the prize.  ?    Proudhomme was not a very good writer.  ?    Many thought that Tolstoy deserved the prize more than Proudhomme.











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