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Seed-plants.ppt

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Most Familiar Plants

Spermatophytes = Seed

Plants

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Seed-plants.ppt

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SEED-BEARING PLANTS

(Spermatophytes):

• Four Phyla of Kingdom Plantae

– Phylum Angiospermae = flowering

plants

– Phylum Coniferophyta = conifers
– Phylum Ginkgophyta = ginkgos
– Phylum Cycadophyta = cycads

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Seeds

• Advantages

– Contains multicellular

embryo, ready to grow.

– Contains food supply to

nourish germinating
young plant.

– Seed coat

• resistant to drying, heat,

freezing, acids, etc.

• seeds can remain dormant

until conditions favorable

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Seeds

• Disadvantage

– Large, expensive to

produce

• energy, matter

– Seed plant can only

make 100’s per
season

– (Spore-dispersed

plants can make
millions of spores.)

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Seed-plants.ppt

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Phylum

Angiospermae

Flowering Plants

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Phylum Angiospermae,

Flowering Plants

• Flowers

– sporophylls: sepals,

petals, stamens, carpel

– Anther on stamen

produces microspores

(meiosis) male

gametophytes =

pollen grains

– Ovule in ovary in

carpel produces

megaspore(s)

female gametophyte =

"embryo sac" in ovule

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Phylum Angiospermae,

Flowering Plants

•

Double fertilization

– Zygote + endosperm

tissue of embryo.

– Text Figure 25-10

•

Female
gametophyte
completely
enclosed in ovary

– “

angiosperm”

– Anthophyta also called

“Angiospermae”

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Phylum Angiospermae,

Flowering Plants

• Fruit developed from ovary.
• Embryo completely enclosed in fruit;

– Seed coat develops from ovule (mother sporophyte)

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Reasons for Success of

Flowering Plants

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Reasons for Success of Flowering

Plants

• ? Vascular tissue (xylem,

phloem),

– as in other vascular plants.

• ? Seeds, as in other seed plants.
• ? Flowers

– Ovary: safe enclosure for embryo
– Petals (& sepals) attract pollinators

• also nectar & odors

– But, many are wind pollinated

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Reasons for Success of Flowering

Plants

• Fruits,

adaptations for
seed dispersal

– Dehiscence (pods,

follicles, capsules,
etc.)

• Dry and burst

scattering seeds.

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Seed-plants.ppt

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Reasons for Success of Flowering

Plants

• Fruits, adaptations

for seed dispersal

– Sweet, fleshy fruits

(pome, drupe,
berry, aggregate)

• Animal dispersal

(mammals, birds,
reptiles, some fish)

– Nuts

• Planted by squirrels,

etc.

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Reasons for Success of Flowering

Plants

• Fruits,

adaptations for

seed dispersal

– Wind and Water

dispersal

• Achenes with

parachutes,

samaras

– Cling to fur,

feathers

• Hooks, barbs, glue

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Phylum Angiospermae

• Class Eudicots

– abbreviation of Eudicotyledonae

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Phylum Angiospermae

• Class Monocots

– abbreviation of Monocotyledonae

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Orders of Dicots

Orders of Monocots

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~apennima
/Diversity/classification.htm