Speaking in front of

Speaking in front of

an audience

an audience

The rules of public speaking and the

The rules of public speaking and the

art of convincing –

art of convincing –

Adopted from Yaniv Zaid

Adopted from Yaniv Zaid

-http://www.yanivzaid.com/main.asp?

-http://www.yanivzaid.com/main.asp?

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Speech and convincing as

Speech and convincing as

everyday tools

everyday tools



We all need to do in on an everyday basis

We all need to do in on an everyday basis



It is an integral part from most subjects at

It is an integral part from most subjects at

school, work, and life

school, work, and life



Efficiency in performing a task – People will

Efficiency in performing a task – People will

perform better if they understand the

perform better if they understand the

importance and need of the task

importance and need of the task



Increase motivation

Increase motivation



Using simple explanation and allocating a

Using simple explanation and allocating a

small amount of time you may resolve

small amount of time you may resolve

many issues that might come up.

many issues that might come up.

Convincing in the 21

Convincing in the 21

st

st

century

century



Rules have changed.

Rules have changed.



People are exposed to vast volumes of

People are exposed to vast volumes of

information

information



You need to maximize your message in a

You need to maximize your message in a

minimized amount of time.

minimized amount of time.

•

Example – On a televised interview, the interviewee has

Example – On a televised interview, the interviewee has

an uninterrupted amount of time of between 2 -3

an uninterrupted amount of time of between 2 -3

minutes.

minutes.

•

Can you get your point across in such a short amount of

Can you get your point across in such a short amount of

time?

time?



Remember, the audience has a choice,

Remember, the audience has a choice,

they

they

don’t have to sit and listen to you !

don’t have to sit and listen to you !

Preparing the speech

Preparing the speech



Preparation is the key.

Preparation is the key.



Before making the speech, find out:

Before making the speech, find out:



Who is your audience?

Who is your audience?

•

Information about the audience and its needs is

Information about the audience and its needs is

power, use it !

power, use it !

•

Find out whom are the people that you are going to

Find out whom are the people that you are going to

be speaking to.

be speaking to.

•

Your audience might change even if your lecture stays

Your audience might change even if your lecture stays

the same

the same

•

Match your speech to the level of the audience.

Match your speech to the level of the audience.

•

People from all levels would like the speaker to talk to

People from all levels would like the speaker to talk to

them in their level.

them in their level.

Preparing the speech

Preparing the speech



What will your audience like?

What will your audience like?



Get the same point across but in different

Get the same point across but in different

formats matching the audience’s needs

formats matching the audience’s needs



The younger the audience, the more

The younger the audience, the more

activities you will need to keep them

activities you will need to keep them

interested.

interested.



What is your point?

What is your point?



Every speech must have a point that will

Every speech must have a point that will

make the audience understand what is the

make the audience understand what is the

point of your speech.

point of your speech.

Preparing the speech

Preparing the speech



Find out how many people you are

Find out how many people you are

going to be talking to.

going to be talking to.



Find out the time allocated for your

Find out the time allocated for your

speech.

speech.



Study the subject matter in details.

Study the subject matter in details.

Building the definition

Building the definition



Define the topic and key terminology

Define the topic and key terminology



In every discussion define the content of the

In every discussion define the content of the

discussion from the get go.

discussion from the get go.



A speaker that defines the terminology has a big

A speaker that defines the terminology has a big

advantage over other speakers and is convincing

advantage over other speakers and is convincing

powers have grown.

powers have grown.



In order to convince you need to be understood.

In order to convince you need to be understood.

Definitions improve understanding.

Definitions improve understanding.



Definitions are essential. Without them the

Definitions are essential. Without them the

discussion is going to be superficial and

discussion is going to be superficial and

ineffective.

ineffective.



The definition must be simple and

The definition must be simple and

understandable. It will not reduce the point of

understandable. It will not reduce the point of

your argument by using simple definitions.

your argument by using simple definitions.

Defining the proposition

Defining the proposition



A good proposition will be made out of 3

A good proposition will be made out of 3

parts:

parts:



What is the proposition?

What is the proposition?



Why do I suggest this proposition?

Why do I suggest this proposition?

•

Define the problem you are trying to solve in current

Define the problem you are trying to solve in current

situation

situation

•

Without presenting the problem we cant discuss the

Without presenting the problem we cant discuss the

solution

solution

•

When you have a small proposition to define a huge

When you have a small proposition to define a huge

problem

problem



How to implement the proposition

How to implement the proposition



The point of the speech is first to

The point of the speech is first to

get the audience to listen, then to

get the audience to listen, then to

convince them !

convince them !



The more you know about your

The more you know about your

audience, its opinions, the issues on

audience, its opinions, the issues on

their minds, the better you will be able

their minds, the better you will be able

to chose the point of contradiction that

to chose the point of contradiction that

will convince more of the audience.

will convince more of the audience.



Every discussion is an straggle between

Every discussion is an straggle between

many points of contradiction where each

many points of contradiction where each

side is pulling towards the point that is

side is pulling towards the point that is

more comfortable to him.

more comfortable to him.

Selecting your arguments

Selecting your arguments



For every argument presented there is

For every argument presented there is

an equal counter argument.

an equal counter argument.



While choosing your arguments, think

While choosing your arguments, think

about the counterarguments that might

about the counterarguments that might

be brought up by your opponent.

be brought up by your opponent.



Before you dismiss an argument, find

Before you dismiss an argument, find

three good things to say about it

three good things to say about it



3 Is the magic number of arguments.

3 Is the magic number of arguments.



More then 3 will loose its effectivness.

More then 3 will loose its effectivness.

How to choose your argument

How to choose your argument

points?

points?



The points should support you

The points should support you

conflict point!

conflict point!



The points should cover many

The points should cover many

subjects and not just one specific

subjects and not just one specific

topic

topic

How to develop your points –

How to develop your points –

Analysis in a short time frame

Analysis in a short time frame



Do not display an argument if you can not

Do not display an argument if you can not

explain it.

explain it.



An analysis is being made using facts and

An analysis is being made using facts and

examples

examples



FACTS

FACTS



Do not make up statistics under any

Do not make up statistics under any

circumstances!

circumstances!



If you don’t have facts that support your point,

If you don’t have facts that support your point,

do not present any facts

do not present any facts



Examples – The ideal situation for maximum

Examples – The ideal situation for maximum

effectiveness of your point is to bring one or

effectiveness of your point is to bring one or

two examples for each argument.

two examples for each argument.

Time Management

Time Management



There are two facts about time

There are two facts about time

management:

management:



You cant control the time you are born

You cant control the time you are born

or your time of death.

or your time of death.



Every thing between these points is

Every thing between these points is

negotiable.

negotiable.

Time Management

Time Management



Time is a valuable resource and

Time is a valuable resource and

should be handled properly.

should be handled properly.



Time limit exists even if it is not

Time limit exists even if it is not

defined. Limit the time of your speech

defined. Limit the time of your speech

even if you are note required to.

even if you are note required to.



Control your time, otherwise someone

Control your time, otherwise someone

else is going to control YOUR time.

else is going to control YOUR time.

Tools to assist you with time

Tools to assist you with time

management

management



While preparing for your speech, time

While preparing for your speech, time

yourself and break the speech into parts.

yourself and break the speech into parts.



Define the important points and

Define the important points and

concentrate on them.

concentrate on them.



Match your speech to your audience

Match your speech to your audience



Every speaker is measured by its added

Every speaker is measured by its added

value

value



Addressing previous speakers should not be

Addressing previous speakers should not be

more then a 3

more then a 3

rd

rd

of your speech.

of your speech.

Time Management

Time Management



Organized speech.

Organized speech.



If you talk for less amount of time but your

If you talk for less amount of time but your

speech is more organized, the audience will

speech is more organized, the audience will

understand you better.

understand you better.



Fast talking

Fast talking



If you are a fast talker, you must be organized.

If you are a fast talker, you must be organized.



Emphasize the important points by speaking

Emphasize the important points by speaking

slowly.

slowly.



Fast talking is possible when your audience is

Fast talking is possible when your audience is

familiar with the subject matter.

familiar with the subject matter.

How to be an organized

How to be an organized

speaker

speaker



Organization will assist the audience

Organization will assist the audience

understand our speech.

understand our speech.



Organized speech will assist the

Organized speech will assist the

speaker with the presentation by

speaker with the presentation by

dividing the speech, manage time

dividing the speech, manage time

and avoiding confusion if the speech

and avoiding confusion if the speech

was stopped for answering

was stopped for answering

questions.

questions.

How to be an organized

How to be an organized

speaker

speaker



There are two principles for

There are two principles for

organized speech:

organized speech:



Clear structure

Clear structure



Clear paper

Clear paper

How to be an organized

How to be an organized

speaker

speaker



Clear Structure

Clear Structure



Opening

Opening

•

Define your proposal

Define your proposal

•

Present the purpose of your proposal

Present the purpose of your proposal

•

Define the conflict point and an overview of

Define the conflict point and an overview of

your arguments

your arguments



Body – Presenting your arguments

Body – Presenting your arguments



Conclusion – A brief summery of the

Conclusion – A brief summery of the

main points of your speech

main points of your speech

How to be an organized

How to be an organized

speaker

speaker



Clear paper – Use a sheet of paper to

Clear paper – Use a sheet of paper to

assist you with your speech

assist you with your speech



Under no circumstances read from

Under no circumstances read from

the paper. It should be used as an aid

the paper. It should be used as an aid

only.

only.



Use one sheet of paper and organize

Use one sheet of paper and organize

it in the same manner that the

it in the same manner that the

speech is organized

speech is organized

Using Humor during your

Using Humor during your

speech

speech



Start the speech strong and end it strong

Start the speech strong and end it strong



How to use humor at the beginning of

How to use humor at the beginning of

the speech:

the speech:



Make fun of the situation your are at

Make fun of the situation your are at



If there is a common motif in your audience

If there is a common motif in your audience

make fun of it but be careful not to offend.

make fun of it but be careful not to offend.



Start your speech by presenting the previous

Start your speech by presenting the previous

speaker in a humorous light but to make the

speaker in a humorous light but to make the

discussion to a personal match.

discussion to a personal match.

Using Humor during your

Using Humor during your

speech

speech



If you are a “funny” person with a

If you are a “funny” person with a

good sense of humor, use it.

good sense of humor, use it.



Do not make the humor the main

Do not make the humor the main

point of the discussion

point of the discussion



It is recommended to use several

It is recommended to use several

jokes at the right time and place.

jokes at the right time and place.



If you are not a “Funny” speaker,

If you are not a “Funny” speaker,

don’t try to force it.

don’t try to force it.

How to keep the audience

How to keep the audience

interested

interested



Keep it on the same level as your

Keep it on the same level as your

audience

audience



Identify – Help the audience identify with

Identify – Help the audience identify with

your side

your side



Interact – A good speaker create interaction

Interact – A good speaker create interaction

with the audience and build trust

with the audience and build trust



In order to keep the audience

In order to keep the audience

interested, make sure they understand !

interested, make sure they understand !

How to keep the audience

How to keep the audience

interested

interested



Use everyday, real life examples

Use everyday, real life examples



Using visual aids

Using visual aids



Handouts, computer presentation,

Handouts, computer presentation,

slides, video clips

slides, video clips



Visual aids are interesting and can

Visual aids are interesting and can

transfer your point across.

transfer your point across.

How to answer questions

How to answer questions



Allow the audience to ask questions at a

Allow the audience to ask questions at a

point that is convenient for you.

point that is convenient for you.



Keep the number of questions during the

Keep the number of questions during the

presentation low. (appr. 1 q/4 minutes of

presentation low. (appr. 1 q/4 minutes of

speech)

speech)



Do not show that you don’t know the answer

Do not show that you don’t know the answer



Do not read out of a paper

Do not read out of a paper



Explain better – be aware of the audiences

Explain better – be aware of the audiences

response.

response.



Do not ignore any question.

Do not ignore any question.

How to ask questions

How to ask questions



Get to the point

Get to the point



Write down the question prior to asking

Write down the question prior to asking

(especially if it is in a foreign language)

(especially if it is in a foreign language)



Ask the question in between topics.

Ask the question in between topics.



Do not divulge ideas by asking questions

Do not divulge ideas by asking questions



Do not ask rhetorical questions

Do not ask rhetorical questions



If the person in front of you seem secure

If the person in front of you seem secure

but does not say much , tire him with

but does not say much , tire him with

questions

questions

How to deal with

How to deal with

disturbances

disturbances



Mutual respect with the audience is

Mutual respect with the audience is

key

key



Talk to them on their level

Talk to them on their level



Avoid offending the audience

Avoid offending the audience



Keep calm ! In an emotional discussion

Keep calm ! In an emotional discussion

the one who keeps calm and stays

the one who keeps calm and stays

logical wins

logical wins



Stick to the time allocated.

Stick to the time allocated.

How to deal with

How to deal with

disturbances

disturbances



Concentrate on the ones who are not

Concentrate on the ones who are not

convinced

convinced



Concentrating on the ones that are convinced

Concentrating on the ones that are convinced

and ignoring the ones who are not , will not

and ignoring the ones who are not , will not

convince them more, but will make them start

convince them more, but will make them start

doubting.

doubting.



3 ways to deal with “chronic” disturbance

3 ways to deal with “chronic” disturbance



Ignore them

Ignore them



Ask them to stop , show the audience you are in

Ask them to stop , show the audience you are in

control

control



Confront them

Confront them

Presentation and stance

Presentation and stance



When speaking to an audience, it is

When speaking to an audience, it is

better to stand then to sit

better to stand then to sit



Stand tall not bent

Stand tall not bent



Move around and/or in between the

Move around and/or in between the

audience

audience



Better not to hold anything in your

Better not to hold anything in your

hands while talking

hands while talking



You your hands, but don’t over do it.

You your hands, but don’t over do it.



Keep calm – assume you own the stage

Keep calm – assume you own the stage

Presentation and stance

Presentation and stance



Look Fresh

Look Fresh



“

“

Transmit” energy and excitement during your

Transmit” energy and excitement during your

speech, any day , any time

speech, any day , any time



The audience is your “customer” it wants to

The audience is your “customer” it wants to

see you at your best.

see you at your best.



Dress – Match the dress to the audience

Dress – Match the dress to the audience



Tone & Speech

Tone & Speech



Volume – Speak laud enough to be heard but

Volume – Speak laud enough to be heard but

not to laud to intimidate.

not to laud to intimidate.



Facial expressions should match your point as

Facial expressions should match your point as

much as possible.

much as possible.



Stay involved as much as possible

Stay involved as much as possible

What not to do during a

What not to do during a

speech

speech



Do not speak from your gut , get over excited

Do not speak from your gut , get over excited

or shout.

or shout.



The best way to fight emotions is to present facts.

The best way to fight emotions is to present facts.



In emotional discussion the calm presenter will

In emotional discussion the calm presenter will

always appear better.

always appear better.



Do not show lack of confidence

Do not show lack of confidence



Always present self confidence

Always present self confidence



If you are not portraying confidence in your point,

If you are not portraying confidence in your point,

the audience will surly not going to.

the audience will surly not going to.



Appear fully confident in your point

Appear fully confident in your point

What not to do during a

What not to do during a

speech

speech



Never present anything that is damaging

Never present anything that is damaging

about yourself

about yourself



Do not present weaknesses as a person or a

Do not present weaknesses as a person or a

speaker

speaker



Believe in yourself

Believe in yourself



If you are presenting with a partner

If you are presenting with a partner



Do not barge into each other's speech

Do not barge into each other's speech



Do not contradict each other

Do not contradict each other



Do not whisper to one another while other

Do not whisper to one another while other

people are talking.

people are talking.

Concluding your speech

Concluding your speech



The conclusion’s purpose is to remind the

The conclusion’s purpose is to remind the

audience your speech in the best possible way.

audience your speech in the best possible way.



Time limitation – Allow time for the conclusion

Time limitation – Allow time for the conclusion



Repeat the main points in an organized

Repeat the main points in an organized

manner

manner



Repeat the conflict point, your suggestions and your

Repeat the conflict point, your suggestions and your

main points.

main points.



Do not repeat the whole speech just the main points

Do not repeat the whole speech just the main points



The conclusion should point out the bottom line of

The conclusion should point out the bottom line of

each point and how they supported your claim.

each point and how they supported your claim.



Even if you talked fast throughout the speech, the

Even if you talked fast throughout the speech, the

conclusion should be slow.

conclusion should be slow.



Review either chronologically or by subject.

Review either chronologically or by subject.