The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

Created By: Michael Kelman

Chief Pontiac

Chief Pontiac

(Chief of the Ottawa)

(Chief of the Ottawa)



“

“

These lakes these

These lakes these

woods and mountains

woods and mountains

were left to us by our

were left to us by our

ancestors. They are

ancestors. They are

our inheritance and we

our inheritance and we

will part with them to

will part with them to

no one … You ought to

no one … You ought to

know that He, the

know that He, the

Great Spirit and Master

Great Spirit and Master

of Life, has provided

of Life, has provided

food for us in these

food for us in these

spacious lakes and on

spacious lakes and on

the woody mountains”

the woody mountains”

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War



The war that raged in North America from

The war that raged in North America from

1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger

1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger

struggle between France and England,

struggle between France and England,

known as the Seven Years’ War

known as the Seven Years’ War



Most Native American Indians fought on

Most Native American Indians fought on

the side of the French

the side of the French



Although few did fight on the side of the

Although few did fight on the side of the

English

English



The war began when the English became

The war began when the English became

alarmed at the Forts being built by the

alarmed at the Forts being built by the

French in the Ohio River Valley and George

French in the Ohio River Valley and George

Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity

Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity



So the English sent

So the English sent

General Edward

General Edward

Braddock

Braddock

commander in chief of the

commander in chief of the

British forces to America to drive the

British forces to America to drive the

French out of the Ohio Valley

French out of the Ohio Valley

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

Braddock Marches to Duquesne

Braddock Marches to Duquesne



June 1755: Braddock sets out from

June 1755: Braddock sets out from

Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated

Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated

British troops and a smaller number of

British troops and a smaller number of

blue-coated colonial militias including

blue-coated colonial militias including

George Washington as one of his aids

George Washington as one of his aids



Braddock’s army took several weeks

Braddock’s army took several weeks

to trek through dense forest to Fort

to trek through dense forest to Fort

Duquesne

Duquesne



They marched in columns and rows,

They marched in columns and rows,

and took time out everyday to sit and

and took time out everyday to sit and

have tea

have tea

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

Braddock Marches to Duquesne

Braddock Marches to Duquesne



July 9, 1755: Native American

July 9, 1755: Native American

Warriors and French troops ambushed

Warriors and French troops ambushed

Braddock and his men

Braddock and his men



The French and Native Americans hid

The French and Native Americans hid

behind trees and fired at the bright

behind trees and fired at the bright

uniforms of the British

uniforms of the British



The British confused and frightened

The British confused and frightened

could not even see their attackers

could not even see their attackers



The British lost badly loosing nearly

The British lost badly loosing nearly

1,000 soldiers including their

1,000 soldiers including their

Commander in Chief General Edward

Commander in Chief General Edward

Braddock

Braddock

British Lose to French and Indians During

British Lose to French and Indians During

March to Duquesne

March to Duquesne

William Trent’s Journal

William Trent’s Journal

Map of Fort Duquesne/Pitt

Map of Fort Duquesne/Pitt

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War



1756: The fighting in America leads to the

1756: The fighting in America leads to the

start of a war in Europe between the French

start of a war in Europe between the French

and English known as the

and English known as the

Seven Years War

Seven Years War



The first years of the war went terrible for

The first years of the war went terrible for

the British and their American colonies

the British and their American colonies



The French captured several British forts

The French captured several British forts

including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake

including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake

George

George



Frances Native American allies began

Frances Native American allies began

staging raids on frontier farms from New York

staging raids on frontier farms from New York

to what is now West Virginia

to what is now West Virginia



They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and

They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and

crops, and chased many families back to the

crops, and chased many families back to the

coast

coast

French and Indian War

French and Indian War

Pitt Takes Charge

Pitt Takes Charge



After William Pitt comes to power as

After William Pitt comes to power as

secretary of state and then as prime

secretary of state and then as prime

minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war

minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war

begins to turn in favor of the British

begins to turn in favor of the British



William Pitt was an outstanding military

William Pitt was an outstanding military

commander who knew how to pick skilled

commander who knew how to pick skilled

commanders and oversaw the war effort

commanders and oversaw the war effort

from London

from London



To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt

To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt

decided to pay for the war

decided to pay for the war



However he ran up a huge debt and would

However he ran up a huge debt and would

raise colonist taxes after the French and

raise colonist taxes after the French and

Indian War

Indian War

French and Indian War

French and Indian War

The British Under Pitt

The British Under Pitt



Pitt intended to conquer French Canada

Pitt intended to conquer French Canada



To do so he sent British troops to North

To do so he sent British troops to North

America under the command of officers

America under the command of officers

Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe

Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe



1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured

1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured

the fortress at Louisbourg

the fortress at Louisbourg



That same year British officers

That same year British officers

captured Fort Frontenac at Lake

captured Fort Frontenac at Lake

Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne

Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne

(renaming it Fort Pitt)

(renaming it Fort Pitt)

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

The Battle of Quebec

The Battle of Quebec



September 1759: British general James Wolfe

September 1759: British general James Wolfe

finds a way to attack the capital of New France

finds a way to attack the capital of New France

Quebec

Quebec



Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St.

Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St.

Lawrence River the capital was thought of as

Lawrence River the capital was thought of as

impossible to attack

impossible to attack



A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up

A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up

the back of the cliff

the back of the cliff



Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the

Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the

path and scrambled up it at night

path and scrambled up it at night



They waited outside the fort on a field called the

They waited outside the fort on a field called the

Plains of Abraham

Plains of Abraham



Here they surprised and defeated the French

Here they surprised and defeated the French

Army

Army



James Wolfe died in the battle

James Wolfe died in the battle

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris



After the fall of Quebec a year later the French

After the fall of Quebec a year later the French

took another devastating loss when General

took another devastating loss when General

Amherst captured Montreal

Amherst captured Montreal



This brought an end to the fighting in North

This brought an end to the fighting in North

American

American



1763:

1763:

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris

France is permitted to

France is permitted to

keep some sugar producing islands in the West

keep some sugar producing islands in the West

Indies

Indies



1763:

1763:

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris

England receives

England receives

Canada and most of Frances islands east of the

Canada and most of Frances islands east of the

Mississippi River, England also receives Florida

Mississippi River, England also receives Florida

from Frances ally Spain

from Frances ally Spain



1763:

1763:

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris

Spain receives French

Spain receives French

land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana

land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana

Territory) as well as the port of New Orleans

Territory) as well as the port of New Orleans

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris



1763:

1763:

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris

marked

marked

the end of France as a power in North

the end of France as a power in North

America

America



The continent was now divided

The continent was now divided

between Great Britain and Spain with

between Great Britain and Spain with

the Mississippi River marking the

the Mississippi River marking the

boundary

boundary



Native Americans still living on the

Native Americans still living on the

lands and were not given a section of

lands and were not given a section of

it by the European agreement

it by the European agreement

Trouble on the Frontier After

Trouble on the Frontier After

the French and Indian War

the French and Indian War



The British victory over the French was a

The British victory over the French was a

devastating blow to the Native Americans

devastating blow to the Native Americans

of the Ohio River valley

of the Ohio River valley



They had lost their French allies and

They had lost their French allies and

trading partners

trading partners



They began to trade with the British but

They began to trade with the British but

saw them as enemies

saw them as enemies



The British raised prices of traded goods

The British raised prices of traded goods

and unlike the French refused to pay

and unlike the French refused to pay

Native Americans for the use of their land

Native Americans for the use of their land



Worst of all, British settlers began moving

Worst of all, British settlers began moving

into the valleys west of Pennsylvania

into the valleys west of Pennsylvania

Pontiac’s War

Pontiac’s War



Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa

Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa

village near Detroit

village near Detroit



He recognized that the British settlers

He recognized that the British settlers

threatened the Native American way of life

threatened the Native American way of life



Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the

Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the

Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the

Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the

British

British



Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the

Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the

Great Lake region

Great Lake region



Summer 1763: The alliance of Native

Summer 1763: The alliance of Native

Americans kill settlers in Western PA and

Americans kill settlers in Western PA and

Virginia

Virginia



These raids became known as

These raids became known as

Pontiac’s War

Pontiac’s War

Pontiac’s War

Pontiac’s War



Although the Native Americans won

Although the Native Americans won

many battles they failed to capture

many battles they failed to capture

important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt,

important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt,

and Detroit

and Detroit



1765: The Native Americans were

1765: The Native Americans were

defeated by the British

defeated by the British



July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace

July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace

treaty and was pardoned by the

treaty and was pardoned by the

British

British

The Proclamation of 1763

The Proclamation of 1763



To prevent more fighting King George

To prevent more fighting King George

halted settler’s westward expansion

halted settler’s westward expansion



In

In

the Proclamation of 1763

the Proclamation of 1763

the

the

Appalachian Mountains were the temporary

Appalachian Mountains were the temporary

western boundary for the colonies

western boundary for the colonies



This angered many colonists who were

This angered many colonists who were

already living in the area, or who have

already living in the area, or who have

recently purchased land in the area

recently purchased land in the area



These colonists land claims were now not

These colonists land claims were now not

recognized

recognized



The Proclamation of 1763 created friction

The Proclamation of 1763 created friction

between the colonies and Great Britain

between the colonies and Great Britain

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