The
The
myelodysplastic
myelodysplastic
syndromes
syndromes
MDS
MDS
preleukemia
preleukemia
The myelodysplastic
The myelodysplastic
syndromes
syndromes
a diverse collection of hematological
a diverse collection of hematological
(blood-
(blood-
related) medical conditions that involve
related) medical conditions that involve
ineffective production (or dysplasia) of the
ineffective production (or dysplasia) of the
myeloid class of blood cells.
myeloid class of blood cells.
disorders of the stem cell in the bone marrow
disorders of the stem cell in the bone marrow
hematopoiesis (blood production) is
hematopoiesis (blood production) is
disorderly and ineffective
disorderly and ineffective
The number and quality of blood-forming
The number and quality of blood-forming
cells decline irreversibly, further impairing
cells decline irreversibly, further impairing
blood production
blood production
Patients
Patients
Usually
Usually
between 60
between 60
and 75 years
and 75 years
old
old
Males are more
Males are more
commonly affected
commonly affected
than females
than females
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms
N
N
onspecific and generally related to
onspecific and generally related to
the blood cytopenias
the blood cytopenias
:
:
Anemia
Anemia
Neutropenia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Complications
Complications
acute myelogenous
acute myelogenous
leukemia (AML)
leukemia (AML)
50% of deaths occur as a result of
50% of deaths occur as a result of
bleeding or infection
bleeding or infection
is notoriously resistant to treatment
is notoriously resistant to treatment
Enlarged spleen due to myelodysplastic syndrome; CT. Spleen
Enlarged spleen due to myelodysplastic syndrome; CT. Spleen
in red, left kidney in green.
in red, left kidney in green.
Investigation
Investigation
MDS must be differentiated from
MDS must be differentiated from
anemia, thrombocytopenia, and
anemia, thrombocytopenia, and
leukopenia
leukopenia
Full blood count and examination of
Full blood count and examination of
blood film
blood film
Bone marrow examination
Bone marrow examination
Cytogenetics or chromosomal studies
Cytogenetics or chromosomal studies
Flow cytometry
Flow cytometry
Treatment
Treatment
Supportive therapy
Supportive therapy
(blood
(blood
transfusions
transfusions
, b
, b
one marrow
one marrow
transplantation
transplantation
)
)
C
C
hemotherapy
hemotherapy
Drugs
Drugs
R
R
isk
isk
f
f
actors
actors
Prior treatment with chemotherapy
Prior treatment with chemotherapy
D
D
rugs
rugs
Genetic syndromes
Genetic syndromes
Familial MDS
Familial MDS
Smoking
Smoking
Environmental exposures
Environmental exposures
Age
Age
Sex
Sex
Document Outline
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