Example questions

1. Describe the airstream mechanism used in the production of the majority of speech sounds

2. List all the non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms and name the sounds produced with them

3. What are ejectives? How are they produced?

4. What are implosives? How are they produced?

5. What are clicks? How are they produced?

6. List the 6 possible modes of phonation and describe 3 of them

7. List all 13 possible places of articulation and describe the articulators involved in them

8. List all the places of articulation for English consonants and list them all using appropriate symbols

9. List all the places of articulation for Polish consonants and list them all using appropriate symbols

10. List all the possible manners of articulation and describe 3 of them

11. List all the consonants which are identical in English and Polish and describe them (voicing, place and manner of articulation)

12. List all the consonants which are different in Polish and English and describe them (voicing, place and manner of articulation)

13. Define the terms: obstruents and sonorants

14. Describe the difference between oral, nasal and nasalized sounds and provide examples of these sounds

15. What are the basic criteria for the classification of vowels?

16. List all the English monophthongs using their phonetic symbols and describe them (e.g. /i:/ high front spread long tense)

17. List all the Polish monophthongs using their phonetic symbols and describe them in relation to their English equivalents

18. List all the British and American diphthongs and classify them according to the vowel prominence and according to the direction of the tongue movement

19. List 6 differences between the English and Polish vowel systems

20. What is the difference between inherent and relative vowel length? Provide examples

21. What is pre-fortis clipping? Illustrate

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