Strona
Przyimki angielskie
Przyimki
Przyimek
w języku angielskim ma identyczne zastosowanie jak w języku
polskim. Pozwala określić lokalizację przedmiotu, czas, miejsce
lub pewien stan. Ułatwieniem jest to, że nie musimy zastanawiać
się, jak połaczyć dany przyimek z rzeczownikiem odmienionym przez
przypadki, bo przecież w języku angielskim przypadków nie ma!
Zastosowanie przyimka staje się więc bardzo łatwe.
Żeby
to zilustrować, spójrzmy na przykład:
There are three apples on the table. |
Na stole są trzy jabłka. |
Niekiedy
przyimek pełni funkcję dopełniacza lub narzędnika, np.
Three men in that building are policemen. |
Trzej mężczyźni w tamtym budynku są policjantami. |
Jedynym
problemem przy nauce przyimków może być fakt, że przyimek
angielski może, ale nie musi, odpowiadać różnym przyimkom w
języku polskim i odwrotnie.
Prześledźmy to na kilku
przykładach:
I will visit my aunt on Monday. |
Odwiedzę moją ciocię w poniedziałek. |
John was sitting next to his sister on the train. |
John siedział obok swojej siostry w pociągu. |
We arrived at the party on time. |
Przybyliśmy na przyjęcie punktualnie. |
Najlepiej
jest więc uczyć się przyimków w konkretnych zwrotach i
wyrażeniach!
Przyimek at
Przyimek at może sprawić wiele problemów. Aby się tego ustrzec, zacznijmy od przeanalizowania typowych zastosowań przyimka at:
1. Przyimek at służy do określania miejsca, które jest postrzegane jako punkt w przestrzeni, np.
I was waiting only 2 minutes at the bus stop. |
Czekałam tylko 2 minuty na przystanku. |
John is at Mary's now. They are studying French together. |
John jest teraz u Mary. Uczą się razem francuskiego. |
I was absent at the wedding but I sent a present. |
Byłem nieobecny na weselu, ale wysłałem prezent. |
Write your name at the top of the page. |
Napisz swoje imię na górze strony. |
2. Przyimek at ma również zastosowanie przy określaniu czasu, odczytywaniu czasu z zegara, z posiłkami, z niektórymi świętami (tymi, które trwają dłużej, niż jeden dzień), np.
Sue arrived at 5 o'clock in the morning. |
Sue przybyła o 5 godzinie rano. |
At Easter I usually stay at my aunt's house. |
W Wielkanoc zwykle przebywam w domu mojej cioci. |
We can't meet at lunch time because I have to work. |
Nie możemy się spotkać w czasie lunchu, bo muszę pracować. |
Poniżej przedstawiamy listę najważniejszych wyrażeń przyimkowych z at:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Examples |
at night |
w nocy |
I like reading at night. |
at the weekend |
w weekend |
We are planning to go skiing at the weekend. |
at the end of |
na koniec/końcu |
What's at the end of this road? Just a dead end? |
at the beginning of |
na początku |
I wonder what life was like at the beginning of the 18th century. |
at the door |
u drzwi |
Someone is standing at the door. |
at the top of |
na górze |
At the top of the mountain there were 3 men. |
at the bottom of |
na dole |
At the bottom of page 9 there is my signature. |
at the front |
z przodu |
There is a beautiful garden at the front of the mansion. |
at the back |
z tyłu |
There's a garage at the back of my house. |
at home |
w domu |
Just feel at home. |
at work |
w pracy |
Recently we've got a lot to do at work. |
at school/univeristy/college |
w szkole/na uniwersytecie/w college |
Did you have lunch at school yesterday? |
at sea |
nad morzem |
Do you think that spending holidays at sea is what she really wants? |
at a party |
na przyjęciu |
This is Amanda. We've met at a party. |
at a conference |
na konferencji |
We are not allowed to eat snacks at a conference. |
at the station/airport |
na stacji/lotnisku |
Is someone going to welcome me at the airport? |
at the doctor's |
u lekarza |
He was supposed to be at the doctor's now! |
at the age of... |
w wieku ... lat |
My father got married at the age of 30. |
at... degrees Celsius |
W ... stopniach Celsjusza |
Water doesn't boil at 50 degrees Celsius. |
at the crossroads |
na skrzyżowaniu |
His car is waiting at the crossroads now. |
at the table |
przy stole |
There was the whole family sitting at the table. |
at the wedding/funeral |
na ślubie/pogrzebie |
It was at the funeral when I first saw Susan. |
at last |
w końcu |
At last we found our way back home. |
at the bus stop |
na przystanku |
Waiting at the bus stop is not my favourite pastime. |
at church |
w kościele |
She spends Sundays at church. |
at all costs |
za wszelką cenę |
You must pass this exam at all costs. |
at dawn |
o świcie |
At dawn she woke up and found out that her purse was missing. |
at ease |
odprężony |
Go for a walk - this will set your mind at ease. |
at first |
na początku |
At first I felt very stressed buth then everything went smooth. |
at the end |
pod koniec |
At the end of the movie everyone was fast asleep. |
at first sight |
od pierwszego wejrzenia |
It was love at first sight and it lasted the whole 2 weeks. |
at hand |
pod ręką, w pobliżu |
It's never at hand when I need it. |
at heart |
tak na prawdę |
At heart, I still love you, Pamela Anderson. |
at ... km an hour |
z prędkością ... km/h |
Sir, you've been driving your vehicle at 170 km an hour. |
at large |
na wolności |
The murderer escaped from prison and is still at large. |
at least |
przynajmniej |
At least I have my pride. |
at the moment |
w tej chwili |
Are you busy at the moment? |
at noon |
w południe |
I have just made an appointment at noon. |
at war/peace |
w czasie wojny/pokoju |
It means we're at war. |
at present |
obecnie |
At present the station is closed. |
at short notice |
od ręki |
I don't believe they repaired your car at such a short notice. |
at full speed |
z pełną prędkością |
Driving at full speed gives me the adrenaline which I need. |
at times |
czasami |
The acoustics was so poor that I didn't hear the lecturer at times. |
Przyimek in
Przyimek
in
również może mieć różne znaczenia w języku angielskim.
1.
Pierwsze, podstawowe i bardzo łatwe do zapamiętania znaczenie
przyimka in
to w
- stosowane identycznie jak w języku polskim:
I have a lot of beautiful flowers in my room. |
Mam wiele pięknych kwiatów w swoim pokoju. |
2. Przyimek ten może również służyć do określana miejsca, opisywania relacji zawierania się w czymś lub wskazywania, że coś jest w obrębie jakiegoś obszaru zamkniętego.
We spent our honeymoon in Venice. |
Miesiąc miodowy spędziliśmy w Wenecji. |
Yesterday my friends were in the pub with their neighbours. |
Wczoraj moi znajomi byli w pubie ze swoimi sąsiadami. |
In the picture I see a big, brown dog. |
Na obrazku widzę dużego, brązowego psa. |
3. In może służyć do określania czasu, a dokładniej mówiąc: miesięcy, roku, pory dnia (wyjątek at night), jednostki czasu w znaczeniu za (pewnien czas).
In July I was in Greece with my parents. |
W lipcu byłam w Grecji z rodzicami. |
In the morning I eat breakfast, in the afternoon I eat dinner but I don't have supper in the evening. |
Rano jem śniadanie, po południu jem obiad ale wieczorem nie jadam kolacji. |
His grandfather died in 2006 at the age of 85. |
Jego dziadek zmarł w 2006 roku, w wieku 85 lat. |
I am going out in 5 minutes. |
Wychodzę za 5 minut. |
Oprócz powyższych zastosowań istnieją też stałe zestawienia wyrażeń z przyimkiem in, które niestety trzeba zapamiętać. Oto przykłady:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
in a chair/armchair |
na krześle/w fotelu |
I remember him sitting in this armchair. |
in bed |
w łóżku |
Still in bed? It's time to get up! |
in the world |
na świecie |
These are the best muffins in the world. |
in the middle of the road |
na środku ulicy |
Watch out! There is a broken vehicle in the middle of the road. |
in the north/south/east/west |
na północy/południu/wschodzie/zachodzie |
Cracow isn't in the west of Poland. |
in the sky |
na niebie |
There are so many beautiful stars in the sky. |
in time |
z czasem |
In time we got used to our neighbour's dog. |
in time (for) |
na czas |
We arrived in time for the lecture. |
in the end |
w końcu |
In the end he stood up and shouted: "That's it, you liar!" |
in the corner |
w rogu |
Can you see the mouse over there sitting in the corner? |
in hospital |
w szpitalu |
He is in hospital after a terrible accident he had last week. |
in prison |
w więzieniu |
Don't tell anyone but I've been in prison for 5 years. |
in the rain/sun/shade |
w deszczu/słońcu/cieniu |
I'm singing in the rain... |
in my opinion |
moim zdaniem |
In my opinion you should give up smoking, mum. |
(write) in ink/pencil |
pisać atramentem/ołówkiem |
Please, don't write in pencil during the test. |
in danger |
w niebezpieczeństwie |
I'm afraid your son is in danger. |
in cash |
gotówką |
You have to pay in cash in that shop. |
in the future |
w przyszłości |
My brother will become an astronaut in the future. |
in answer (to) |
w odpowiedzi (na) |
In answer to your letter we're sending you the invoice. |
in English |
po angielsku |
How can I understand the letter? It's in English! |
in general |
ogólnie |
In general, I don't like animals. |
in pairs |
parami, w parach |
We are going to do the exercise in pairs. |
in other words |
innymi słowy |
How to say "mean" in other words? |
in addition to |
w dodatku |
In addition to arriving late she forgot to bring the note we had asked for. |
in advance |
z wyprzedzeniem |
You should book these tickets in advance. |
in brief |
krótko |
Could you tell me in brief what has just happened? |
in the centre of |
w centrum |
The hotel is in the centre of the city. |
(be) in charge of |
(być) odpowiedzialnym za |
Who is in charge of this project? |
in common |
wspólny |
We get on well because we have a lot in common, I guess. |
in comparison with |
w porównaniu z |
It is more interesting in comparison with your last novel. |
in conclusion |
podsumowując |
In conclusion, it was a very successful enterprise. |
in detail |
szczegółowo |
Could you describe it to me in detail? |
in exchange for |
w zamian za |
I'll give you 10$ in exchange for this. |
in fact |
w rzeczywistości |
No wonder they got themselves killed. It is in fact a dangerous route. |
in fashion |
modny |
Are long skirts still in fashion? |
(be) in favour of |
(być) za (być zwolennikiem) |
All in favour of capital punishment raise your hands. |
in half |
na pół |
Should I cut the apple in half? |
in a hurry |
w pośpiechu |
My parent are always in a hurry. |
in love with |
zakochany w |
I'm in love with my friend's girlfriend, I'm afraid. |
in the meantime |
w międzyczasie |
Try to water the flowers and in the meantime I'll do the dishes. |
in the name of |
w imię |
They acted in the name of justice. |
in a nutshell |
krótko (mówiąc) |
Let me put it in a nutshell: "I am leaving." |
in order to |
aby |
I wrote it down in order not to forget. |
(be) in pain |
cierpieć |
The soldier was in such pain that he couldn't stand it any more. |
in particular |
w szczególności |
I like sweets, ice-cream in particular. |
in the past |
w przeszłości |
In the past I swam a lot. |
in person |
osobiście |
Do I have to pick up the package in person? |
in principle |
w zasadzie |
In principle we don't allow children in here. |
in theory/practice |
teoretycznie/praktycznie |
In theory everything is possible. |
in public/private |
publicznie/prywatnie |
I need to talk to you in private. |
in progress |
w trakcie |
The work is still in progress. |
in return |
w zamian |
What will I get in return? |
in self-defence |
w obronie własnej |
Yes, I killed him but it was in self-defence. |
in the street |
na ulicy |
Do you really want to end up living in the street? |
in touch |
w kontakcie |
Bye. We'll be in touch. |
in turn |
po kolei |
Could you speak in turn, please? |
in vain |
na próżno |
Don't cry in vain. |
in question |
o którym mowa |
The man in question was absent that day. |
Przyimek on
1. Przyimek on, przyetłumaczony na polski jako na może służyć do określania położenia przedmiotu - jeśli znajduje się on na jakiejś płaskiej powierzchni i jest z nią styczny.
Prześledźmy to na podstawie przykładów:
Mike's cat is lying on the floor. |
Kot Mike'a leży na podłodze. |
"Where's
my book?" |
"Gdzie
jest moja książka?" |
2. Przyimek on ma również zastosowanie przy określaniu daty - a ściślej mówiąc - gdy mamy na myśli konkretną datę dzienną, nazwę dnia tygodnia, nazwę dnia świątecznego itp.
On Wednesday I have to visit my aunt. |
W środę muszę odwiedzić moją ciocię. |
On Christmas Day I got up at 7 to be the first to unpack the presents. |
W dzień Bożego Narodzenia wstałam o 7, żeby jako pierwsza rozpakować prezenty. |
My birthday is on the 28th of January. |
Mam urodziny 28 stycznia. |
Poniżej przedstawiamy przykłady zastosowania przyimka on w stałych wyrażeniach:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
on board |
na pokładzie |
How many people are on board, captain? |
on a cruise |
w rejs |
I'll take you on a cruise to Italy if you want. |
on Earth |
na ziemi |
The photographer took pictures of almost all species which live on Earth. |
on the outskirts |
na obrzeżach |
I dream of living on the outskirts of London. |
on page (three) |
na (trzeciej) stronie |
You'll find the exercise on page three. |
on the pavement |
na chodniku |
Look! There's a car parked on the pavement! |
on the radio |
w radio |
I don't watch TV. I listen to the news on the radio. |
on TV |
w telewizji |
Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? |
on my birthday |
na moje urodziny |
What are you going to give me on my birthday? |
on time |
punktualnie |
Philip is a very reliable person and he always comes to the meetings on time. |
on the right/left |
po prawej/lewej |
Where am I? On the right I can see a post office and there's a church on the left. |
on the way to |
po drodze do |
I bought this dress on the way to the grocer's. |
on the phone |
przez telefon |
Yesterday I was talking to him on the phone. He asked me to pay him a visit. |
be/go on strike |
strajkować/rozpocząć strajk |
The workers threatened to go on strike if they don't get a rise. |
be/go on a diet |
być na diecie/ przejść na dietę |
No, thank you. I can't eat this cake as I am on a diet. |
be on fire |
palić się |
The whole room is on fire. We have to run! |
on the whole |
generalnie |
On the whole, it all depends on the point of view. |
on purpose |
celowo |
You know I would never hurt you on purpose. |
on foot |
na piechotę |
It's not far from here. You can walk. It will take you 5 minutes on foot. |
on condition that |
pod warunkiem, że |
I will tell you something on condition that it stays between us. |
on behalf of |
w imieniu |
I am here on behalf of the Mayor. |
on the one hand... on the other hand |
z jednej strony... z drugiej strony |
On the one hand I would like to go on a trip to Egypt but on the other hand I am afraid of flying. |
on a bus/a train/a plane/a ship/a bike/a motorbike/horse |
w autobusie/w pociągu/w samolocie/na statku/na rowerze/na motocyklu/na koniu |
Yes mom, I managed to get to the station on time and I'm already on the train to Moscow. |
on account of |
z powodu |
He was absent during the conference on account of being ill. |
on average |
przeciętnie |
Polish couples have 2 kids on average. |
on business |
w interesach |
I'm not a tourist. I'm here on business. |
on the contrary |
przeciwnie |
-
Is he a good swimmer? |
on demand |
na żądanie |
We can order the movie on demand but it will cost you extra money. |
on duty |
na służbie |
Are you sill on duty, officer? |
on the (2nd) floor |
na (drugim) piętrze |
My neighbour who lives on the 2nd floor is vey noisy. |
on holiday/vacation |
na wakacjach |
Where are you planning to go on your holiday? |
on the Internet |
w internecie |
I found your advertisement on the Internet. |
on one's knees |
na kolanach |
Do I have to beg you on my knees? |
on second thoughts |
po namyśle |
At first I didn't like the idea but on secon thoughts I decided to do it. |
on one's own |
samodzielny/samodzielnie |
She likes to show that she's already a big girl and tries to do everything on her own. |
(be) on sick-leave |
(być) na zwolnieniu lekarskim/iść na zwolnienie lekarskie |
He's been on sick-leave since Monday. |
(be) on maternity leave/go on maternity leave |
(być) na urlopie macierzyńskim/przejść na urlop macierzyński |
She went on maternity leave last month. |
Przyimek by
1. Poniższe przykłady pokazują zastosowanie przyimka by, który jest zazwyczaj angielskim odpowiednikiem polskich przyimków przez, przed, do, obok.
The taxi will be waiting by the post office. |
Taksówka będzie czekała przy urzędzie pocztowym. |
She had finished writing her essay by midnight. |
Skończyła pisać esej przed północą. |
We were walking by the pub which was closed. |
Przechodziliśmy obok pubu, który był zamknięty. |
2. Poza tym, przyimek by jest używany, gdy połączenia wyrazów w zdaniu wskazują jednoznacznie na konieczność zastosowania polskiego narzędnika (który odpowiada na pytania kim? czym?).
My friends are planning to go to Moscow by plane. |
Moi przyjaciele planują lecieć do Moskwy samolotem. |
3. Przyimek by występuje również w stronie biernej, kiedy jakaś czynność jest wykonana przez kogoś / coś.
My child has been bitten by a dog. |
Moje dziecko zostało pogryzione przez psa. |
"Gone with the wind" was written by Margaret Mitchell. |
"Przeminęło z wiatrem" zostało napisane przez Margaret Mitchell. |
4. Poniżej prezentujemy inne zastosowania przyimka by:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
(send) by post |
(wysyłać) pocztą |
Don't send this necklace by post! It's too valuable. |
(do) by hand |
(robić) ręcznie |
Were all these items done by hand? It's a marvellous collection! |
(contact) by phone/e-mail/fax |
(skontaktować się) przez telefon/email/fax |
The message has been sent to you by e-mail. |
(pay) by cheque/credit card |
(płacić) czekiem/kartą kredytową |
May I pay by credit card in here? |
by mistake/accident/chance |
przez pomyłkę/niechcący/przez przypadek |
Excuse me, I'm afraid you took my coat by mistake. |
by car/train/plane/subway |
samochodem/pociągiem/samolotem/metrem |
Travelling by train seems to be very popular in this country. |
by heart |
na pamięć |
Don't learn by heart! Try to understand what you're reading. |
by the way |
nawiasem mówiąc, przy okazji |
John is moving to England. By the way, did I tell you that my husband used to live there himself? |
day by day |
dzień po dniu |
If I had to cook dinner day by day I would get bored of cooking soon. |
by telepathy |
telepatycznie |
I don't believe that communication by telepathy is possible. |
by example |
na przykładzie |
Some say that learning by example is the most effective method of all. |
by day/night |
podczas dnia/nocy |
If you travel by night, you will probably be willing to rest during the day. |
by surprise |
z zaskoczenia |
I didn't expect my friends to do anything like that. I was totally taken by surprise! |
by now |
do tej pory |
By now they should be getting off the bus in Canada. |
by force |
siłą |
Raul was taken by force from his apartment in the middle of the night. |
by luck |
szczęśliwym trafem |
He isn't smart. He only solved the riddle by luck. |
by birth/marriage |
z urodzenia/poprzez małżeństwo/po mężu |
Anna Nowak by marriage Johnson is going to teach our class. |
Przyimek for
Poniżej przedstawiamy listę najpopularniejszych wyrażeń przyimkowych z for:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
for a change |
dla odmiany |
We always go on holiday to Spain. Let's travel to another country for a change! |
for ages |
latami, przez lata, "całe wieki" |
I'm so happy about meeting my cousin. I haven't seen him for ages! |
for supper |
na kolację |
What's for supper, mom? |
for fear of |
z obawy przed |
The thief abandoned his plan of stealing the jewellery for fear of getting caught. |
for fun/pleasure |
dla zabawy/przyjemności |
I don't have to water flowers in the office. I do it for fun. |
for good |
na dobre |
Nobody in the class liked the girl who moved. They all hope she's gone for good. |
(to take sth/sb) for granted |
być czegoś/kogoś pewnym/uważać, że się należy/uważać za pewnik |
You shouldn't take his love for granted. |
for life |
na całe życie |
The criminal has been sentenced for life. |
for sale |
na sprzedaż |
I like this one. Excuse me, is this car for sale? |
for a visit |
z wizytą |
My mother-in-law is coming for a vistit next week and this is why I'm sad. |
(to go) for a walk |
iść na spacer |
The weather is beautiful. I think I'll go for a walk. |
for a while |
przez chwilkę |
Open the door! I just want to talk for a while. |
for better or worse |
na dobre i złe |
Do you take this woman for better or worse? |
for sb's birthday |
na czyjeś urodziny |
My neighbour's son got a new car for his birthday. |
for the sake of |
przez wzgląd na kogoś |
Should we divorce or stay married for the sake of our children? |
for certain |
na pewno |
How interesting! Do you know it for certain? |
for hire |
do wynajęcia |
I have two questions. Is that car for hire? Do you accept credit cards here? |
for keeps |
na zawsze (dać coś komuś do zatrzymania) |
Is this phone for keeps or do you have to give it back? |
for the time being |
na chwilę obecną |
I'm afraid we are not interested in your product for the time being. |
for example/instance |
na przykład |
Dogs are very smart. For example, my dog Rex is trained to fetch a newspaper. |
Przyimek out of
Oto lista wyrażeń przyimkowych z out of:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
out of order |
zepsuty |
If your modem is out of order take it back to the shop. |
(get) out of practice |
wychodzić z wprawy |
I have to practise more as I'm getting out of practice. |
(be) out of touch |
nie być w kontakcie |
How's Tom? I don't know. We've been out of touch since we broke up. |
out of the way |
na uboczu |
The village is out of the way. You can't get there by bus or by train. |
(be) out of breath |
stracić dech w piersiach, zasapać się |
Let's have a break. I'm out of breath. |
out of control |
poza kontrolą |
I can't babysit for you. Your children are out of control! |
out of date |
staroświecki |
Most parents are out of date. They just don't understand young people. |
out of fashion |
niemodny |
You aren't going to impress her wearing clothes which are so out of fashion. |
out of print |
wyczerpany (o nakładzie) |
I'm afraid the book will not be avaliable anymore. It's out of print. |
out of luck |
pechowy |
First I lost my job, then my wife left me... I feel I'm out of luck. |
out of sight |
poza zasięgiem wzroku |
Nobody could see the man. He was out of sight. |
out of tune |
niedostrojony, fałszujący |
THe concert didn't go well. They were playing out of tune. |
out of earshot |
poza zasięgiem słuchu |
I coudn't hear that man. He was out of earshot. |
out of time |
po terminie |
I'm terribly sorry but we can't accept your application. It's out of time. |
out of (one's)pocket |
za własne pieniądze, z własnej kieszeni |
You don't have to pay. Today the boss is paying for dinner out of his pocket. |
(get) out of hand |
(wymykać się) spod kontroli |
The demonstration is getting out of hand. We have to call the police. |
out of stock |
wyprzedany |
These laptops are out of stock. We don't have them. |
out of the question |
wykluczony, poza dyskusją |
No way! Going on holiday with your friends is out of the question. |
out of reach |
poza zasięgiem |
For an average citizen of this country essential medicines are out of reach. |
out of work |
bez pracy, bezrobotny |
If the factory closes down, over 2,000 people will be out of work. |
Przyimek from
Tutaj zapoznamy się z wyrażeniami przyimkowymi, które tworzone są z przyimkiem from:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
from A to B |
od A do B |
Take a train from Warsaw to Cracow. It will be the quickest! |
from place to place |
z miejsca do miejsca |
What do we call people who travel from place to place? |
from time to time |
od czasu do czasu |
From time to time I go to the countryside in order to relax. |
from now on |
od teraz |
That's enough. From now on there will be no talking during my lessons. |
from my point of view |
z mojego punktu widzenia |
From my point of view the soulution isn't the best because I have twice as much work. |
from memory |
z pamięci |
The artist was so talented that he could paint her portrait from memory! |
from experience |
z doświadczenia |
I learned from experience that you should never trust a woman. |
(go) from bad to worse |
pogorszyć się |
The news just go from bad to worse for this industry. |
from morning to night |
od rana do nocy |
Is working from morning to night really a good way to solve your presonal problems? |
from scratch |
od zera |
This millionaire also started from scratch. It was another American dream. |
from wood/flour/plastic |
z drewna/mąki/plastiku |
Are pancakes made from flour? |
Przyimek up
Oto lista wybranych wyrażeń przyimkowych z up:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
up to date |
aktualny |
Are you sure the information about the visit is up to date? Yesterday I heard that the prince passed away. |
(it's) up to you |
to zależy od ciebie, jak chcesz |
-
When shoud I start work? |
up and down |
ran na wozie, raz pod wozem (raz lepiej, raz gorzej) |
-
How's life? |
up the spout |
stracony, zmarnowany |
Because of the accident all plans of winning the championship went up the spout. |
up to no good |
mieć coś złego w zamiarach, nie wróżyć niczego dobrego |
It seems to be too quite. I'm afraid the children are up to no good. |
Przyimek to
Najpopularniejsze wyrażenia przyimkowe z to to:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
to some extent |
do pewnego stopnia |
I don't think he's completely wrong. I agree with him to some extent. |
(to get) to the point |
przechodzić do sedna sprawy |
We don't have much time. Try to be brief and get to the point. |
to sb's surprise |
ku czyjemuś zdziwieniu |
To my surprise, the children were not misbehaving today. |
to sb's advantage |
na czyjąś korzyść |
This politician was able to turn the economical crisis to his advantage. |
to sb's amazement |
ku czyjemuś zdziwieniu |
To my teacher's amazement I passed the exam. |
to sb |
komuś |
Give the parcel to Mr Brown. |
to sbdy's liking |
jak na czyjś gust |
The room is too small to my liking. |
Przyimek under
Oto lista najczęściej stosowanych wyrażeń przyimkowych z under:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
under control |
pod kontrolą |
Calm down. The fire is under control now. |
under the impression |
pod wrażeniem |
I was under the impression of his intelligence. |
under arrest |
aresztowany |
Don't move. You're under arrest. |
under age |
niepełnoletni |
If you are under age you can't enter the club. |
under repair |
w trakcie naprawy |
Is your car still under repair? |
(be/feel) under the weather |
(czuć się) beznadziejnie |
Don't laugh at her. She's been feeling under the weather lately. |
under discussion |
omawiany |
The issue is already under discussion. |
Przyimek off
Wyrażenia przyimkowe z off:
Prepositional phrase |
Translation |
Example |
off the air |
zdjęty z anteny |
I can't believe my favourite serial is off the air! |
off work/school |
po pracy/szkole |
Be patient. In two hours we are going to be off school. |
off duty |
po służbie |
Are you off duty, officer? |
off the record |
nie do wiadomości publicznej, nieoficjalny |
What I'll tell you should be off the record. |
off the map |
daleki, odległy |
I'm not going there. It's off the map! |
off the peg |
nie szyty na miarę, z wieszaka |
I am never satisfied with clothes which I buy off the peg. |
off the point |
nie na temat |
Stop talking off the point and tell me what you want. |
off colour |
niedysponowany |
I'd rather stay at home tonight. I'm feeling a bit off colour today. |
off limits |
zabroniony |
Is drining alcohol considered off limits in this country? |
Inne przyimki angieskie
W języku angielskim istnieją również inne przyimki. Poniżej przedstawiamy ich zestawienie:
Przyimki związane z określaniem czasu |
||
since |
I haven't seen my uncle since last Easter. |
Nie widziałem swojego wujka od zeszłej Wielkanocy. |
for |
For many years he has been trying to become a famous writer. |
Przez/od wielu lat stara się zostać sławnym pisarzem. |
during |
During his stay in Italy, he saw many places. |
Podczas pobytu we Włoszech zobaczył wiele miejsc. |
till/until |
Do not eat this cake until he comes. |
Nie jedz tego ciasta dopóki on nie przyjdzie. |
after |
I like to lie down and relax after dinner. |
Lubię się położyć i odpocząć po obiedzie. |
before |
I never brush my teeth before breakfast. |
Nigdy nie szczotkuję zębów przed śniadaniem. |
from... to... |
He worked for Opel from 2002 to 2004. |
Pracował dla Opla od 2002 do 2004 r. |
Przyimki związane z określaniem miejsca i położenia |
||
between |
The door is between the windows. |
Drzwi są pomiędzy oknami. |
beside/by |
Who is that man sitting beside Mary? |
Kim jest ten mężczyzna siedzący obok Mary? ;) |
among |
I love spending free time in the forest among trees. |
Uwielbiam spędzać wolny czas w lesie, wśród drzew. |
in front of |
I'll be waiting for you in front of the school. |
Będę czekać na ciebie przed szkołą. |
behind |
Stay behind me! It's dangerous here! |
Stań za mną! Tu jest niebezpiecznie! |
below/under |
What do you have under this table? Show it to me! |
Co masz pod tym stołem? Pokaż mi! |
over |
What's the name of the big bird flying over my head? |
Jak się nazywa ten duży ptak latający nad moją głową? |
through |
I looked through the window and saw an accident. |
Spojrzałam przez okno i zobaczyłam wypadek. |
Wyrażenia bez przyimków
Przyimki at, on, in nie są z reguły używane w wyrażeniach czasowych przed wyrazami next, last, this, that (czasami), one, each, every, some, all.
See you next week. |
Do zobaczenia w przyszłym tygodniu. |
Are you free this evening? |
Jesteś wolny dziś wieczorem? |
I'm at my uncle's every evening. |
Jestem u mojego wujka każdego wieczoru. |
We have been relaxing all day. |
Relaksowaliśmy się cały dzień. |
I didn't meet my boss that week. |
Nie spotkałem mojego szefa w tamtym tygodniu. |
I saw him one day. |
Spotkałem go pewnego dnia. |
Poza
tym przyimki nie są potrzebne przed takimi wyrazami jak yesterday,
the
day before yesterday,
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow.
Would you like to go to the cinema the day after tomorrow? |
Chciałabyś pójść do kina pojutrze? |
Przyimki
opuszcza się również w wyrażeniach typu what/which
+ określenie czasu
i w odpowiedziach, które zawierają tylko wyrażenie czasowe.
What day is the wedding? |
W jaki dzień jest ten ślub? |
Which month did you spend in Paris? |
Który miesiąc spędziłeś w Paryżu? |
-
What time are you leaving? |