arkusz chemia poziom s rok 2002 199

background image

SRXIQHVWURQD]

32'.$53$&.,.85$7252 :,$7<

(*=$0,1'2-5=$á2 &,

2EM WHWDMHPQLF HJ]DPLQDF\MQ

GRGQLDPDMDUGRJRG]

:.3²²&+,

7(0$7<=&+(0,,

GRSLVHPQHJRHJ]DPLQXGRMU]DâR FLZHZV]\VWNLFKW\SDFKV]Nyâ UHGQLFKGODPâRG]LH \

ZURNXV]NROQ\P

PDMDUJRG]

,QIRUPDFMHGODSU]\VW SXM F\FKGRSLVHPQHJRHJ]DPLQXGRMU]DáR FL]FKHPLL

´ =HVWDZ]DZLHUD]DGD ]NWyU\FKQDOH \Z\EUDüWU]\LLFKUR]ZL ]DQLDSU]HGVWDZLüGRRFHQ\

:DUNXV]XRGSRZLHG]LQDOH \ZVND]DüQXPHU\]DGD SRGDM FÄZ\ELHUDP]DGDQLDQU´

´ .D GH]DGDQLH]DZLHUD

± SROHFHQLD R]QDF]RQH OLWHUDPL $ % SU]H]QDF]RQH GR UR]ZL ]DQLD SU]H] ZV]\VWNLFK

]GDM F\FK

± SROHFHQLDR]QDF]RQHJZLD]GN QS*±SU]H]QDF]RQHGRUR]ZL ]DQLDRERNSROHFH $%

SU]H]]GDM F\FKNWyU]\UHDOL]RZDOLFKHPL ZZ\PLDU]HPQLHMV]\PQL JRG]LQZF\NOX

NV]WDáFHQLD QS NODV\ R SURILOX RJyOQ\P ]HVWDZ SROHFH Z MHGQ\P ]DGDQLX REHMPXMH

SROHFHQLD$%*+RUD]QLHREHMPXMHSROHFH R]QDF]RQ\FKGZRPDJZLD]GNDPL

*+

± SROHFHQLD R]QDF]RQH GZRPD JZLD]GNDPL QS * SU]H]QDF]RQH GR UR]ZL ]DQLD RERN

SROHFH $%SU]H]]GDM F\FK]NODVZNWyU\FKFKHPLDUHDOL]RZDQDE\áDZZ\PLDU]H

PLQLPXP JRG]LQ Z F\NOX NV]WDáFHQLD QS NODV\ R SURILOX ELRORJLF]QRFKHPLF]Q\P

]HVWDZSROHFH ZMHGQ\P]DGDQLXREHMPXMHSROHFHQLD$%*+LQLHREHMPXMH

]DGD *+

´ =DSHáQHSRSUDZQHUR]ZL ]DQLHND GHJR]DGDQLDUR]ZL ]DQLHSROHFH QS$%*+

PR QDX]\VNDüá F]QLHSXQNWyZ

´ 3RGF]DVUR]ZL ]\ZDQLD]DGD QDOH \X \ZDüSRSUDZQHJRM ]\NDFKHPLF]QHJRSUH]HQWRZDüWRN

UR]XPRZDQLDDZ]DGDQLDFKUDFKXQNRZ\FKSDPL WDüRMHGQRVWNDFK

´ 1LHQDOH \X \ZDüNRUHNWRUyZDQLF]HUZRQHJROXE]LHORQHJRDWUDPHQWXOXEWXV]XJG\ V RQH

]DUH]HUZRZDQHGODNRPLVMLHJ]DPLQDF\MQ\FKLHJ]DPLQDWRUyZ

´ &]DVSU]H]QDF]RQ\QDUR]ZL ]\ZDQLH]DGD ±JRG]LQPLQXW

´ 3RGF]DVUR]ZL ]\ZDQLD]DGD PR QDNRU]\VWDü]]Dá F]RQ\FKWDEOLFLNDONXODWRUD

Pobrano z www.arkuszematuralne.pl / Zobacz też www.ccrpg.pl

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3RQL HMSU]HGVWDZLRQRVFKHPDWUHDNFMLRWU]\P\ZDQLDUy Q\FK]ZL ]NyZRUJDQLF]Q\FK]HWHQXHW\OHQX

&+ &+

&+ &+ &O

&+ &+ 2+

&+ &+2

&+ &22+

&+ &22 &D

&+ &221D

8:$*$ 5R]ZL ]XM FSRV]F]HJyOQHSROHFHQLDSDPL WDMDE\Z]RU\]ZL ]NyZRUJDQLF]Q\FKSU]HGVWDZLDüZIRUPLH

SyáVWUXNWXUDOQHM


$ 3U]HGVWDZ]DSRPRF UyZQD FKHPLF]Q\FKUHDNFMH]D]QDF]RQHQDSRZ\ V]\PVFKHPDFLH
% 3RGDMQD]Z\RUJDQLF]Q\FKSURGXNWyZSRZ\ V]\FKUHDNFML
& 2EOLF] LOH JUDPyZ ]ZL ]NX RUJDQLF]QHJR SRZVWDQLH Z UHDNFML QU ]DNáDGDM F H UHDNFMD WD

SU]HELHJD]Z\GDMQR FL DGRUHDNFMLX \WRJHWHQX

' 2EOLF] VW HQLH SURFHQWRZH UR]WZRUX RWU]\PDQHJR SR UR]SXV]F]HQLX J VXEVWDQFML SRZVWDM FHM

ZUHDNFMLQUZJUDPDFKZRG\GHVW\ORZDQHM

( -DNL MHVW RGF]\Q UR]WZRUX VXEVWDQFML SRZVWDM FHM Z UHDNFML QU 8]DVDGQLM RGSRZLHG SLV] F

RGSRZLHGQLHUyZQDQLDUHDNFMLZIRUPLHF] VWHF]NRZHMMRQRZHMLMRQRZHMVNUyFRQHM

) 1DSLV] Z]RU\ SyáVWUXNWXUDOQH L SRGDM QD]Z\ F]WHUHFK ]ZL ]NyZ R Z]RU]H VXPDU\F]Q\P &

+

SDPL WDM FDE\SU]\QDMPQLHMMHGHQ]QLFK]DZLHUDááD FXFKUR]JDá ]LRQ\

) = VXEVWDQFML SRZVWDM FHMZUHDNFMLQULPR QDEH]SR UHGQLRRWU]\PDüVXEVWDQFM SRZVWDM F

ZUHDNFMLQU3U]HELHJWHMUHDNFMLZ\PDJD]DVWRVRZDQLDVLOQHJRXWOHQLDF]DQSPDQJDQLDQX9,,

SRWDVX1DSLV]ZIRUPLHF] VWHF]NRZHMUyZQDQLHUHDNFML]X \FLHPWHJRXWOHQLDF]DZ URGRZLVNX

NZDVX VLDUNRZHJR9, :VSyáF]\QQLNL VWHFKLRPHWU\F]QH QDOH \ X]JRGQLü PHWRG ELODQVX

HOHNWURQRZHJR

* =DSLV] UyZQDQLD UHDNFML FDáNRZLWHJR VSDODQLD HWDQX L HWHQX 2EOLF] REM WR ü SRZLHWU]D

ZZDUXQNDFKQRUPDOQ\FKSRWU]HEQ GRFDáNRZLWHJRVSDOHQLDPLHV]DQLQ\]áR RQHM]GP

HWDQX

LGP

HWHQXSU]\MPXM F HSRZLHWU]H]DZLHUDREM WR FLRZ\FKWOHQX

* 5R]WZRURZLVXEVWDQFMLSRZVWDM FHMZUHDNFMLRVW HQLXPROGP

RGSRZLDGDS+

2EOLF]SU]\EOL RQ ZDUWR üVWRSQLDG\VRFMDFML&+

&22+ZW\PUR]WZRU]HLVWDá G\VRFMDFMLWHJR

NZDVX

+ 6XEVWDQFM SRZVWDM F Z UHDNFML QU PR QD UyZQLH RWU]\PDü ] HWDQX 1DSLV] UyZQDQLH

RWU]\P\ZDQLD WHM VXEVWDQFML ] HWDQX RNUH O W\S WHM UHDNFML SRVáXJXM F VL SRG]LDáHP

FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\PGODFKHPLLRUJDQLF]QHMRUD]ZDUXQHNMHMSU]HELHJX

+ 2EOLF] HQWDOSL UHDNFML &

+

J

2

J

&2

J

+

2

J

]QDM F VWDQGDUGRZH HQWDOSLH

WZRU]HQLD&2

L&

+

D+

WZ

&2

J

±N-PRO

D+

WZ

&

+

J

N-PRO

RUD]HQWDOSL WZRU]HQLD+

2

J

NWyUDZ\QRVL±N-PRO

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3RQL HMSU]HGVWDZLRQRV]HUHJSUREOHPyZ]ZL ]DQ\FK]ZáD FLZR FLDPLFKORUX
$ 2NUH OEXGRZ DWRPXFKORUX

&OSRGDM F

” VNáDGM GUDDWRPRZHJR

” NRQILJXUDFM HOHNWURQRZ

% 'R FHOyZ ODERUDWRU\MQ\FK FKORU PR QD RWU]\PDü PL G]\ LQQ\PL G]LDáDM F Z SRGZ\ V]RQHM

WHPSHUDWXU]H NZDVHP VROQ\P QD WOHQHN PDQJDQX,9 3URGXNWDPL WHM UHDNFML RSUyF] FKORUX V

FKORUHNPDQJDQX,,LZRGD
1DSLV]UyZQDQLHRSLVDQHMUHDNFMLZVSyáF]\QQLNLVWHFKLRPHWU\F]QHQDOH \GREUDüPHWRG ELODQVX

HOHNWURQRZHJR 2EOLF] MDN REM WR ü Z GP

Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK ]DMPLH FKORU MH HOL

ZUHDNFMLX \WRFP

NZDVXRJ VWR FLr JFP

SU]\]DáR HQLX HUHDNFMDSU]HELHJD

]HZ\GDMQR FL

& &KORUUHDJXMH]ZLHORPDSLHUZLDVWNDPL0L G]\LQQ\PL]VRGHPNWyU\VSDODQ\ZFKORU]HWZRU]\

FKORUHNVRGX1DSLV]UyZQDQLHUHDNFMLV\QWH]\FKORUNXVRGX

3LV] F NRQILJXUDFM HOHNWURQRZ DWRPyZ L MRQyZ REX SLHUZLDVWNyZ RUD] XZ]JO GQLDM F ZDUWR FL

LFKHOHNWURXMHPQR FLZ\MD QLMMDNGRFKRG]LGRXWZRU]HQLDZL ]DQLD2NUH OW\SWHJRZL ]DQLD

' :GZyFKSUREyZNDFK]QDMGXM VL ZRGQHUR]WZRU\FKORUNXVRGXLFKORUNXJOLQX2SLV]GZLHUy QH

PHWRG\LGHQW\ILNDFMLW\FKVROL8]DVDGQLMVZRMHSURSR]\FMHSLV] FRGSRZLHGQLHUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

OXE]D]QDF]DM F HUHDNFMDQLH]DFKRG]L

( 2EOLF]]DZDUWR üSURFHQWRZ F]\VWHJR1D&OZSHZQHMSUyEFHMH HOLUR]SXV]F]RQRZZRG]LHJ

VXEVWDQFMLDQDVW SQLHGRGDQRQDGPLDUUR]WZRUX$J12

D GRFDáNRZLWHJRZ\WU FHQLDRVDGX3R

Z\VXV]HQLXRVDGZD \áJUDPyZ

) &KORU Z SHZQ\FK ZDUXQNDFK WZRU]\ WOHQNL Z NWyU\FK Z\VW SXMH QD , ,,, ,9 9, L 9,, VWRSQLX

XWOHQLHQLD

” 1DSLV]Z]RU\WOHQNyZFKORUXQD,,,,L9,,VWRSQLXXWOHQLHQLD

” 7OHQNLFKORUXPDM FKDUDNWHUNZDVRZ\5HDJXM ZRNUH ORQ\FKZDUXQNDFK]]DVDGDPL1DSLV]

UyZQDQLDUHDNFMLWOHQNXFKORUX,,,LWOHQNXFKORUX9,,]1D2+RUD]SRGDMQD]Z\WOHQRZ\FK

VROLFKORUXE G F\FKSURGXNWDPLW\FKUHDNFMLNZDV\NWyU\FKSRFKRGQ\PLV WHVROHWRNZDV\

MHGQRSURWRQRZH

) 1D VNDO WHFKQLF]Q FKORU RWU]\PXMH VL SU]HSURZDG]DM F HOHNWUROL] VWRSLRQHJR 1D&O OXE MHJR

ZRGQHJRUR]WZRUX

1DSLV]UyZQDQLDUHDNFMLHOHNWURGRZ\FKNWyUH]DFKRG] SRGF]DVHOHNWUROL]\VWRSLRQHJR1D&OLMHJR

ZRGQHJR UR]WZRUX 2EOLF] LOH GP

FKORUX Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK PR QD RWU]\PDü SRGGDM F

HOHNWUROL]LHJVWRSLRQHJRFKORUNXVRGXSU]\]DáR HQLXZ\GDMQR FLSURFHVXHOHNWUROL]\

* 3U]HSURZDG]RQRQDVW SXM FHGR ZLDGF]HQLH

'RWU]HFKSUREyZHN]DZLHUDM F\FKUR]WZRU\.).%U.,GRGDQRZRG FKORURZ

=D SRPRF UyZQD UHDNFML SU]HGVWDZ SU]HPLDQ\ ]DFKRG] FH Z SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SUREyZNDFK OXE

]D]QDF] HUHDNFMDQLH]DFKRG]L6IRUPXáXMZQLRVHNNWyU\Z\QLND]WHJRGR ZLDGF]HQLD

8ZDJD:UyZQDQLDFKUHDNFMLQDOH \ZXSURV]F]HQLXVWRVRZDüZ]yU&O

GODZRG\FKORURZHM

* 3RGF]DVUR]FLH F]DQLD6E&O

ZZRG]LHZ\WU FDVL ELDá\RVDG6E2&OLSRSHZQ\PF]DVLHXVWDODVL

VWDQUyZQRZDJLNWyU\PR HP\]LOXVWURZDüUyZQDQLHP

6E&O

+

26E2&O+&O

2NUH OZNWyU VWURQ SU]HVXQLHVL UyZQRZDJDWHMUHDNFMLMH HOLGRXNáDGXGRGDP\ZL FHMZRG\

6ZyMZQLRVHNX]DVDGQLMZRSDUFLXRUHJXá SU]HNRU\

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3RQL HMSU]HGVWDZLRQRVFKHPDWRWU]\P\ZDQLDUy Q\FK]ZL ]NyZZDSQLD

&D

$

(

$

-

*

(

'

%

&+ &22+

+&O

+ 2

+ 2

2

+ 32

&2

WHPS &

~



$ =DSRPRF UyZQD UHDNFMLSU]HGVWDZSU]HPLDQ\]D]QDF]RQHQDSRZ\ V]\PVFKHPDFLH

% 3RGDMQD]Z\]ZL ]NyZ$%'(*-

& 3LV] FRGSRZLHGQLHUyZQDQLDUHDNFML]DSURSRQXMGZLHLQQHPHWRG\RWU]\P\ZDQLD]ZL ]NX*QL

]D]QDF]RQDQDVFKHPDFLH

' 2NUH O RGF]\Q ZRGQHJR UR]WZRUX ]ZL ]NX ' 6ZyM ZQLRVHN X]DVDGQLM SLV] F RGSRZLHGQLH

UyZQDQLDUHDNFMLZIRUPLHF] VWHF]NRZHMMRQRZHMLMRQRZHMVNUyFRQHM

( 2EOLF]LOHPROLLOHGP

ZZDUXQNDFKQRUPDOQ\FKLLOHF] VWHF]HNJD]XZ\G]LHOLVL ZUHDNFML

JZDSQLD]ZRG 1DOH \SU]\M üZ\GDMQR üWHMUHDNFML

)

3LV] F NRQILJXUDFM HOHNWURQRZ DWRPX &D Z\MD QLM GODF]HJR ZDS Z\VW SXMH Z ]ZL ]NDFK

Z\á F]QLHQD,,VWRSQLXXWOHQLHQLD

* : JODQZDSQLDZWHPSHUDWXU]HRNRáR&XOHJDUR]NáDGRZLQDGZDWOHQNL2EOLF]LOHGP

JD]X

Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK Z\G]LHOL VL Z WHM UHDNFML MH HOL UR]NáDGRZL XOHJáR NJ PLQHUDáX

]DZLHUDM FHJR&D&2

* -HGQ\P]ZD QLHMV]\FK]ZL ]NyZZDSQLDZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQ\FKZV\QWH]LHRUJDQLF]QHMMHVWZ JOLN

ZDSQLD&D&

2WU]\PXMHVL JRZZ\QLNXVSLHNDQLDWOHQNXZDSQLD]NRNVHPZ JOHP3RZVWDMH

ZyZF]DV&D&

RUD]WOHQHNZ JOD,,:UHDNFMLZ JOLNXZDSQLD]ZRG SRZVWDMHHW\Q2EOLF]LOH

GP

HW\QXPR QDRWU]\PDü]NJNRNVX]DZLHUDM FHJRF]\VWHJRZ JOD]DNáDGDM F HRELH

UHDNFMH]DFKRG] ]Z\GDMQR FL

+ -HGQ\P]ZD QLHMV]\FK]ZL ]NyZZDSQLDZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQ\FKZV\QWH]LHRUJDQLF]QHMMHVWZ JOLN

ZDSQLD&D&

2WU]\PXMHVL JRZZ\QLNXVSLHNDQLDWOHQNXZDSQLD]NRNVHPZ JOHP3RZVWDMH

ZyZF]DV&D&

RUD]WOHQHNZ JOD,,:UHDNFMLZ JOLNXZDSQLD]ZRG SRZVWDMHHW\Q

=DSLV] UyZQDQLD UHDNFML L REOLF] LOH GP

HW\QX DFHW\OHQX PR QD RWU]\PDü ] NJ Z JOD

]DNáDGDM F HRELHUHDNFMH]DFKRG] ]Z\GDMQR FL

+ 3U]HSURZDG]RQR HOHNWUROL] ZRGQHJR UR]WZRUX&D&O

1DSLV] UyZQDQLD SURFHVyZ HOHNWURGRZ\FK

RUD]REOLF]LOHGP

JD]yZZ\G]LHOLVL QDND GHMHOHNWURG]LHMH HOLHOHNWUROL]LHSRGGDQRPROH

&D&O

DHOHNWUROL]DVSRZRGRZDáDFDáNRZLW\UR]NáDG&D&O

, 'R FP

ZRGQHJR UR]WZRUX &D&O

GRGDQR QDGPLDU UR]WZRUX 1D

&2

2WU]\PDQ\ RVDG

RGV F]RQR L Z\VXV]RQR 3R Z\VXV]HQLX PDVD RVDGX Z\QRVLáD J 2EOLF] VW HQLH PRORZH

UR]WZRUX&D&O

QDOH \]DáR \ü HZ\GDMQR üUHDNFMLZ\QRVL

, 2EOLF]VWDQGDUGRZ HQWDOSL UHDNFMLUR]NáDGX&D&2

&D&2

VW

Ɏ&D2

VW

&2

J

ZLHG] F HVWDQGDUGRZHHQWDOSLHWZRU]HQLDUHDJHQWyZZ\QRV]

D+

WZ

&D&2

±N-PRO

D+

WZ

&D2 ±N-PRO

D+

WZ

&2

±N-PRO

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

:LHOHUy Q\FK]ZL ]NyZRUJDQLF]Q\FKZ\ND]XMHZáD FLZR FLNZDVRZH1DMEDUG]LHM]QDQ JUXS WDNLFK

]ZL ]NyZ V NZDV\ NDUERNV\ORZH 2JyOQ\ Z]yU W\FK ]ZL ]NyZ WR ;±&22+ JG]LH ; R]QDF]D

SRGVWDZQLNZ JORZRGRURZ\OXEDWRPZRGRUX
$ 1DSLV] Z]RU\ SyáVWUXNWXUDOQH L SRGDM QD]Z\ WUDG\F\MQH L V\VWHPDW\F]QH WU]HFK QDMSURVWV]\FK

NZDVyZNDUERNV\ORZ\FK

% 5R]SXV]F]DOQH Z ZRG]LH NZDV\ NDUERNV\ORZH SRGREQLH MDN NZDV\ QLHRUJDQLF]QH XOHJDM

G\VRFMDFMLHOHNWUROLW\F]QHM3U]HGVWDZUyZQDQLHLOXVWUXM FHSU]HELHJWHJRSURFHVXGODQDMSURVWV]HJR

NZDVXNDUERNV\ORZHJRLSRGDMQD]Z DQLRQX

& .ZDV\NDUERNV\ORZHUHDJXM ]PHWDODPLWOHQNDPLPHWDOLRUD]]DVDGDPLDSURGXNWDPLW\FKUHDNFML

V VROH8áy WU]\UyZQDQLDUHDNFMLNWyU\FKSURGXNWDPLE G

”

PUyZF]DQPHWDQLDQ HOD]D,,

”

RFWDQHWDQLDQPDJQH]X

”

SURSLRQLDQSURSDQLDQJOLQX

: ND G\P UyZQDQLX MDNR VXEVWUDWX QDOH \ X \ü LQQHJR URG]DMX VXEVWDQFML PHWDOX WOHQNX PHWDOX

LZRGRURWOHQNX

' 2EOLF] MDN REM WR ü Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK ]DMPLH ZRGyU Z\G]LHORQ\ Z UHDNFML PDJQH]X

]FP

UR]WZRUXNZDVXRFWRZHJRRVW HQLXPROGP

1DOH \SU]\M ü HUHDNFMDSU]HELHJD

]Z\GDMQR FL 2EOLF]LOHF] VWHF]HNZRGRUX]QDMGXMHVL ZREOLF]RQHMREM WR FLJD]X

( .ZDVRFWRZ\UHDJXMH]Z JODQHPVRGXDMHGQ\P]SURGXNWyZWHMUHDNFMLMHVWWOHQHNZ JOD,9

” 2SLV]VSRVyELGHQW\ILNDFMLZ\G]LHODM FHJRVL JD]XLOXVWUXM FJRRGSRZLHGQLPUyZQDQLHPUHDNFML

” 3RGRGDQLXQDGPLDUXNZDVXRFWRZHJRGRFP

UR]WZRUXZ JODQXVRGXZ\G]LHOLáRVL GP

WOHQNXZ JOD,9=DSLV]UyZQDQLHUHDNFMLLREOLF]VW HQLHPRORZHUR]WZRUXZ JODQXVRGX

)

.ZDV\NDUERNV\ORZHPR QDRWU]\PDüSU]H]XWOHQLDQLHRGSRZLHGQLFKDOGHK\GyZ

2SLV]SU]HELHJGR ZLDGF]HQLDSU]HGVWDZLDM FHJRRWU]\P\ZDQLHGRZROQHJRNZDVXNDUERNV\ORZHJR

]RGSRZLHGQLHJRDOGHK\GXLOXVWUXM FJRRGSRZLHGQLPUyZQDQLHPUHDNFML

* 3RQL HMSU]HGVWDZLRQRVFKHPDWRWU]\P\ZDQLDNZDVXPUyZNRZHJR]FKORURPHWDQX

&+

&OÉɎ&+

±2+ÉɎ+&+2ÉɎ+&22+

1DSLV]UyZQDQLDUHDNFMLSU]HGVWDZLRQ\FKQDSRZ\ V]\PVFKHPDFLH

*1D VNDO SU]HP\VáRZ WHFKQLF]Q\ NZDV RFWRZ\ RWU]\PXMH VL ] DFHW\OHQX : SLHUZV]\P HWDSLH

DFHW\OHQUHDJXMH]ZRG LSRZVWDMHDOGHK\GRFWRZ\DQDVW SQLHRWU]\PDQ\DOGHK\GXWOHQLDVL GR

NZDVXRFWRZHJR

1DSLV]GZDNROHMQHUyZQDQLDUHDNFMLLOXVWUXM FHPHWRG RWU]\P\ZDQLDNZDVXRFWRZHJR]DFHW\OHQX

+ .ZDV GLNDUERNV\ORZ\ ]DZLHUDM F\ áD FXFK SURVW\ R F]WHUHFK DWRPDFK Z JOD NZDV EXWDQRGLRZ\

ZRGSRZLHGQLFKZDUXQNDFKWUDFLZRG WZRU] FF\NOLF]Q\EH]ZRGQLNRZ]RU]HVXPDU\F]Q\P&

+

2

:LHG] F H DWRP\ Z JOD Z ]ZL ]NDFK RUJDQLF]Q\FK V ]DZV]H F]WHURZDUWR FLRZH QDSLV] Z]yU

VWUXNWXUDOQ\NZDVXEXWDQRGLRZHJRLMHJREH]ZRGQLND

+.ZDV\ NDUERNV\ORZH Z UHDNFML ] DONRKRODPL WZRU] HVWU\ -HVW WR W\SRZ\ SU]\NáDG UHDNFML

RGZUDFDOQHM 3R XVWDOHQLX VL UyZQRZDJL UHDNFML NZDVX RFWRZHJR ] PHWDQROHP VWZLHUG]RQR H

VW HQLDUyZQRZDJRZHZ\QRVLá\

>&+

&22+@ PROLGP

>&+

2+@ PROHGP

>&+

&22&+

@ PROHGP

2EOLF]VWDá UyZQRZDJLWHMUHDNFMLRUD]SRF] WNRZHVW HQLDNZDVXLDONRKROX

, .ZDV\ NDUERNV\ORZH Z UHDNFML ] DONRKRODPL WZRU] HVWU\ 5HDNFMD WD ]DFKRG]L Z REHFQR FL

VW RQHJRNZDVXVLDUNRZHJR9,

1DSLV] UyZQDQLH UHDNFML ]DFKRG] FHM SRPL G]\ NZDVHP PUyZNRZ\P L HWDQROHP SRGDM QD]Z

SRZVWDM FHJRHVWUX

:\MD QLMMDN URO VSHáQLDVW RQ\NZDVVLDUNRZ\9,ZWHMUHDNFML

1DSLV]Z]yULQD]Z LQQHJRHVWUXRWDNLPVDP\PZ]RU]HVXPDU\F]Q\P

background image

VWURQD]

, 6SR UyG ]ZL ]NyZ RUJDQLF]Q\FK FKDUDNWHU NZDVRZ\ Z\ND]XM UyZQLH LQQH ]ZL ]NL QS IHQRO

K\GURNV\EHQ]HQRUD]NZDVEHQ]HQRVXOIRQRZ\

1DSLV] UyZQDQLH UHDNFML RWU]\P\ZDQLD NZDVX EHQ]HQRVXOIRQRZHJR ] EHQ]HQX RUD] UyZQDQLD

UHDNFMLNWyUHX]DVDGQLDM IDNW HZRGQHUR]WZRU\IHQROLLNZDVXEHQ]HQRVXOIRQRZHJRSRZRGXM

]DEDUZLHQLHXQLZHUVDOQHJRSDSLHUNDZVND QLNRZHJRQDNRORUF]HUZRQ\

=DGDQLH

7OHQNLV WRSRá F]HQLDSLHUZLDVWNyZ]WOHQHPZNWyU\FKWOHQZ\VW SXMHQD±,,VWRSQLXXWOHQLHQLD
$ .RU]\VWDM F ] XNáDGX RNUHVRZHJR XVWDO Z]RU\ WOHQNyZ SLHUZLDVWNyZ QDOH F\FK GR RNUHVX

ZNWyU\FK GDQ\ SLHUZLDVWHN Z\VW SXMH QD QDMZ\ V]\P VWRSQLX XWOHQLHQLD 3RGDM V\VWHPDW\F]QH

QD]Z\W\FKWOHQNyZ

% .RU]\VWDM F]WDEOLF\HOHNWURXMHPQR FLXVWDOURG]DMZL ]D Z\VW SXM F\FKZW\FKWOHQNDFK

& =H Z]JO GX QD ]DFKRZDQLH ZREHF ZRG\ WOHQNL PR HP\ SRG]LHOLü QD WU]\ JUXS\ WOHQNL NWyUH

ZUHDNFML]ZRG WZRU] ]DVDG\WOHQNLNWyUHZUHDNFML]ZRG WZRU] NZDV\RUD]WOHQNLRERM WQH

ZREHF ZRG\ =DNZDOLILNXM WOHQNL SLHUZLDVWNyZ RNUHVX GR Z\PLHQLRQ\FK JUXS RUD] QDSLV]

UyZQDQLDUHDNFML]ZRG GODGZyFKZ\EUDQ\FKWOHQNyZ

' :JUDPDFKZRG\UR]WZRU]RQRJWOHQNXVRGX3RGDMQD]Z VXEVWDQFML]QDMGXM FHMVL ZW\P

UR]WZRU]HDQDVW SQLHREOLF]VW HQLHSURFHQWRZHWHJRUR]WZRUX

( 'R SRGVWDZRZ\FK PHWRG RWU]\P\ZDQLD WOHQNyZ QDOH UHDNFMH EH]SR UHGQLHM V\QWH]\

]SLHUZLDVWNyZXWOHQLDQLDLQQ\FKWOHQNyZUHGXNFMLLQQ\FKWOHQNyZUR]NáDGQLHNWyU\FKVROLE G

UR]NáDG QLHNWyU\FK ZRGRURWOHQNyZ 1DSLV] SL ü UyZQD UHDNFML RWU]\P\ZDQLD W\FK ]ZL ]NyZ

GRELHUDM FGODND GHJRWOHQNXLQQ ]Z\PLHQLRQ\FKPHWRG

( =HZ]JO GXQD]DFKRZDQLHZREHFNZDVyZL]DVDGWOHQNLG]LHOLP\QDWU]\JUXS\WOHQNL]DVDGRZH

WOHQNL DPIRWHU\F]QH L WOHQNL NZDVRZH 3RGDM WU]\ SU]\NáDG\ WOHQNyZ SLHUZLDVWNyZ RNUHVX

QDOH F\FK GR Z\PLHQLRQ\FK JUXS RUD] SU]\ SRPRF\ UyZQD UHDNFML Z\ND LFK FKDUDNWHU

FKHPLF]Q\

) 2EOLF]LOHJUDPyZWOHQNXZ JOD,9LWOHQNXVLDUNL,9SRZVWDQLHZZ\QLNXFDáNRZLWHJRVSDOHQLD

JZ JODNDPLHQQHJR]DZLHUDM FHJRVLDUNL

) 3RGGDM FSUD HQLXJZ JODQXPLHG]L,,RWU]\PDQRJWOHQNXPLHG]L,,2EOLF]Z\GDMQR ü

SURFHQWRZ WHMUHDNFML

* 2EOLF] LOH GP

WOHQNX Z JOD,9 Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK SRZVWDQLH Z UHDNFML WHUPLF]QHJR

UR]NáDGXJZ JODQXZDSQLD]DZLHUDM FHJR]DQLHF]\V]F]H

* 2EOLF] LOH GP

WOHQNX Z JOD,9 Z ZDUXQNDFK QRUPDOQ\FK SRZVWDQLH Z UHDNFML WHUPLF]QHJR

UR]NáDGX J Z JODQX ZDSQLD ]DZLHUDM FHJR ]DQLHF]\V]F]H ]DNáDGDM F H UHDNFMD

SU]HELHJD]Z\GDMQR FL

background image

VWURQD]

PDVDDWRPRZD

V\PEROFKHPLF]Q\

background image

VWURQD]

(/(.7528-(012 ûZJ3$8/,1*$

+

+H

/L

%H

%

&

1

2

)

1H

1D

0J

$O

6L

3

6

&O

$U

.

&D

6F

7L

9

&U

0Q

)H

&R

1L

&X

=Q

*D

*H

$V

6H

%U

.U

5E

6U

<

=U

1E

0R

7F

5X

5K

3G

$J

&G

,Q

6Q

6E

7H

,

;H

&V

%D

/D

+I

7D

:

5H

2V

,U

3W

$X

+J

7O

3E

%L

3R

$W

5Q

)U

5D

52=386=&=$/12 û62/,,:2'2527/(1.Ï:::2'=,(

&O

-

%U

-

,

-

1

-

&+

&22

-

6

-

62

-

62

-

&2

-

6L2

-

&U2

-

32

-

2+

-

/L

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

5

1D

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1+

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

-

5

5

5

&X

5

5

-

5

5

1

1

5

-

-

1

1

1

$J

1

1

1

5

5

1

1

7

1

-

1

1

-

0J

5

5

5

5

5

-

1

5

1

1

5

1

1

&D

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

7

1

1

7

1

7

6U

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

1

1

1

7

1

7

%D

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

5

=Q

5

5

5

5

5

1

1

5

1

1

1

1

1

$O

5

5

5

5

5

-

-

5

-

1

-

1

1

6Q

5

5

5

-

-

1

-

5

-

-

-

1

1

3E

7

7

1

5

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

%L

-

-

-

5

-

1

1

-

1

-

1

1

1

0Q

5

5

1

5

5

1

1

5

1

1

1

1

1

)H

5

5

5

5

5

1

1

5

1

1

-

1

1

)H

5

5

-

5

-

1

-

5

-

1

-

1

1

5VXEVWDQFMDUR]SXV]F]DOQD7VXEVWDQFMDWUXGQRUR]SXV]F]DOQD1VXEVWDQFMDQLHUR]SXV]F]DOQD

-R]QDF]D]HGDQDVXEVWDQFMDDOERUR]NáDGDVL ZZRG]LHDOERQLH]RVWDáDRWU]\PDQD

6=(5(*(/(.752&+(0,&=1<0(7$/,

(OHNWURGD

(

>9@

/L/L

&D&D

0J0J

$O$O

0Q0Q

=Q=Q

&U&U

)H)H

&G&G

&R&R

1L1L

6Q6Q

3E3E

)H)H

+

+

%L%L

&X&X

$J$J

+J+J

$X$X

32'.$53$&.,.85$7252 :,$7<

background image

VWURQD]

(*=$0,1'2-5=$á2 &,

2EM WHWDMHPQLF HJ]DPLQDF\MQ

GRGQLDPDMDUGRJRG]

:.3²²&+,

./8&==&+(0,,

GRSLVHPQHJRHJ]DPLQXGRMU]DâR FLZHZV]\VWNLFKW\SDFKV]Nyâ UHGQLFKGODPâRG]LH \

ZURNXV]NROQ\P

PDMDUJRG]

0RGHORGSRZLHG]LLSXQNWDFMD]DGD ±]HVWDZGODDELWXULHQWyZNWyU]\UHDOL]RZDOLFKHPL ZZ\PLDU]H

PQLHMV]\PQL JRG]LQZF\NOXNV]WDáFHQLD

3XQNW\SU]\]QDZDQHV ]DFDáNRZLFLHSRSUDZQHUR]ZL ]DQLH:Z\SDGNXSRSUDZQHMDOHQLHSHáQHM

RGSRZLHG]LQDOH \SU]\]QDüSRáRZ SXQNWyZ

-H HOL SROHFHQLH EU]PLDáR Ä]DSLV] UyZQDQLH UHDNFML´ ± QLH SU]\G]LHOD VL SXQNWyZ ]D ]DSLVDQLH

VFKHPDWXSURFHVX

%UDNMHGQRVWHNZREOLF]HQLDFKREQL DSXQNWDFM RSNW
,QQHQL PRGHORZHUR]ZL ]DQLHQDOH \RFHQLü]JRGQLH]SRGDQ SXQNWDFM

=DGDQLH

3ROHFHQLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDFMD

&

+

+&O &+

±&+

±&O

QS&+

±&+

±&O.2+ &+

±&+

±2+.&O

&+

±&+

±2+&X2 &+

±&+2&X+

2

QS&+

±&+2$J

2 &+

±&22+$J

QS&+

±&22+1D2+ &+

±&221D+

2

QS&+

±&22+&D2 &+

±&22

&D+

2

&

+

+

2 &+

±&+

±2+

$

&+

±&+2+

&+

±&+

±2+

=DSLVUyZQD UHDNFML

[

&+

±&+

±&O FKORURHWDQFKORUHNHW\OX

&+

±&+

±2+ HWDQRODONRKROHW\ORZ\

&+

±&+2 HWDQDODOGHK\GRFWRZ\

&+

±&22+ NZDVHWDQRZ\RFWRZ\

&+

±&221D RFWDQHWDQLDQVRGX

%

&+

±&22

&D RFWDQHWDQLDQZDSQLD

=DSRGDQLHQD]Z

[

&

J–J

=DREOLF]HQLH

'

6W HQLH

=DREOLF]HQLH

&+

±&221D+

2 &+

±&22+1D2+

&+

±&22

±

1D

+

2 &+

±&22+1D

2+

±

&+

±&22

±

+

2 &+

±&22+2+

±

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

(

2GF]\Q]DVDGRZ\DONDOLF]Q\

=DRNUH OHQLHRGF]\QX

background image

VWURQD]

QS&+

&+±&+

±&+

±&+

±&+

±KHNVHQKHNV±±HQ

&+

±&+ &+±&+

±&+

±&+

±KHNVHQKHNV±±HQ

&+

±&+

±&+ &+±&+

±&+

±KHNVHQKHNV±±HQ

)

&+

&+ &+

&+

&+

&+

±PHW\OR±±KHNVHQ

±PHW\ORKHNV±±HQ

=DND G\SRSUDZQ\

Z]yULQD]Z

QDOH \XZ]JO GQLDü

UyZQLH Z]RU\

F\NORDONDQyZ

[

&

+

2

&2

+

2

&

+

2

&2

+

2

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

*

GP

SRZLHWU]D

=DREOLF]HQLH

&+

±&+

&O

&+

±&+

±&O+&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

5HDNFMDVXEVW\WXFML

=DW\SUHDNFML

+

=DFKRG]LZREHFQR FL ZLDWáD89

=DRNUH OHQLHZDUXQNX

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

:VNáDGM GUDZFKRG]LSURWRQyZQHXWURQyZ

=DVNáDGM GUD

$

.RQILJXUDFMDHOHNWURQRZD.

/

0

OXEV

V

S

V

S

OXE>1H@V

S

=D]DSLVNRQILJXUDFML

0Q2

+&O 0Q&O

+

2&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

0QH 0Q

&O±H &O

Ž

Ž

,9

±,

,,

=DXáR HQLHELODQVX

%

GP

&O

=DREOLF]HQLH

1D&O

1D&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

>1D@.

/

0

RGGDM FHWZRU]\>1D

@.

/

OXE

>1D@±V

V

S

V

RGGDM FHWZRU]\>1D

@V

V

S

>&O@.

/

0

1

SU]\MPXM FHWZRU]\>&O

±

@.

/

0

1

OXE

>&O@V

V

S

V

S

SU]\MPXM FHWZRU]\>&O

±

@V

V

S

V

S

=DNRQILJXUDFM

HOHNWURQRZ DWRPyZ

LMRQyZ

[

6WZLHUG]HQLHZL ]DQLHSROHJDQDHOHNWURVWDW\F]Q\PSU]\FL JDQLXVL MRQyZ

OXESU]HGVWDZLHQLHVFKHPDWXWZRU]HQLDZL ]DQLDMRQRZHJR

=DZ\MD QLHQLHLVWRW\

ZL ]DQLD

5y QLFDHOHNWURXMHPQR FL

=DREOLF]HQLH

&

:L ]DQLHMRQRZH

=DW\SZL ]DQLD

'

QS%DGDP\RGF]\QUR]WZRUyZ]DSRPRF ZVND QLNyZ

1D&O±RGF]\QRERM WQ\QLHXOHJDK\GUROL]LH

$O&O

±RGF]\QNZD Q\$O

+

2 $O2+

+

QS'RGDMHP\GRREXUR]WZRUyZ1D2+

ZSUREyZFH]1D&ORVDGQLHZ\WU FLáVL

ZSUREyZFH]$O&O

Z\WU FDVL RVDG$O2+

$O&O

1D2+ $O2+

1D&O

2SLVWRNX

SRVW SRZDQLD

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

]DSLVMRQRZ\OXE

F] VWHF]NRZ\

[

[

(

=DREOLF]HQLH

&O

2&O

2

&O

2

=DZ]RU\WOHQNyZ

[

&O

2

1D2+ 1D&O2

+

2 FKORUDQ,,,VRGX

)

&O

2

1D2+ 1D&O2

+

2 FKORUDQ9,,VRGX

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

=DQD]Z\VROL

[

[

.)&O

ŽUHDNFMDQLH]DFKRG]L

=DZVND]DQLHUHDNFMD

QLH]DFKRG]L

.%U&O

.&O%U

.,&O

.&O,

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

*

:QLRVHNDNW\ZQR üIOXRURZFyZPDOHMHZJUXSLH

MDNRSRSUDZQ\QDOH \X]QDZDüUyZQLH ZQLRVHNF] VWNRZ\

QSFKORUMHVWDNW\ZQLHMV]\RGEURPXLMRGX

=DZQLRVHN

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

&D+

2 &D2+

+

&D+&O &D&O

+

&D&+

&22+ &D&+

&22

+

&D2

&D2

&D2+

2 &D2+

&D2+

+

32

&D

32

+

2

&D2+

&2

&D&2

+

2

&D&2

Ɏ&D2&2

$

8ZDJDMDNRSURGXNW\UHDNFMLLQDOH \X]QDZDüUyZQLH ZRGRURVROH

=DUyZQD UHDNFML

[

%

8ZDJDQDOH \SU]\MPRZDüQD]Z ]ZL ]NX']DUyZQRMDNRRFWDQZDSQLD

OXEHWDQLDQZDSQLD

=DQD]Z]ZL ]NyZ

[

&

QS&D2+

32

&D

32

+

2

&D+

32

&D

32

+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

2GF]\Q]DVDGRZ\

=DRNUH OHQLHRGF]\QX

'

&D&+

&22

+

2 &D2+

&+

&22+

&D

&+

&22

±

+

2 &D

2+

±

&+

&22+

&+

&22

±

+

2 2+

±

&+

&22+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

(

:UHDNFML&D]ZRG Z\G]LHOLVL

PROD+

GP

+

‡

F] VWHF]HN+

=DREOLF]HQLH

[

V

V

S

V

S

V

OXE.

/

0

1

=D]DSLVNRQILJXUDFML

)

8WUDWDHOHNWURQyZGDMHWUZDá NRQILJXUDFM ]JRGQLH]UHJXá RNWHWX

=DZ\MD QLHQLH

*

Z\G]LHOLVL GP

=DREOLF]HQLH

&D2& &D&

&2

&D&

+

2 &D2+

&

+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

+

GP

HW\QX

=DREOLF]HQLH

&D&O

1D

&2

&D&2

æ1D&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

,

5R]WZyU&D&O

MHVWPRORZ\

=DREOLF]HQLH

=DGDQLH

background image

VWURQD]

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

+&22+±NZDVPUyZNRZ\NZDVPHWDQRZ\

&+

&22+±NZDVRFWRZ\NZDVHWDQRZ\

$

&+

&+

&22+±NZDVSURSLRQRZ\NZDVSURSDQRZ\

=DZ]RU\

=DND G SDU QD]Z

WUDG\F\MQDLV\VWHPD

W\F]QD

[

[

+&22++

+&22

-

=DUyZQDQLH

%

$QLRQPUyZF]DQRZ\PHWDQLDQRZ\

=DQD]Z DQLRQX

QS)H2+&22+ +&22

)H+

2

0J&+

&22+ &+

&22

0J+

&

$O2+

&+

&+

&22+ &+

&+

&22

$O+

2

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

:\G]LHOLVL GP

ZRGRUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

'

:\G]LHOLVL ¢

F] VWHF]HNZRGRUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

6áRZQ\OXEU\VXQNRZ\RSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

=DRSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

&2

&D2+

&D&2

+

2

=DUyZQDQLH

&+

&22+1D

&2

&+

&221D+

2&2

=DUyZQDQLH

(

6W HQLHUR]WZRUX1D

&2

Z\QRVLPROGP

=DREOLF]HQLH

6áRZQ\OXEU\VXQNRZ\RSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

=DRSLVOXEU\VXQHN

)

QS&+

&+

&+2&X2+

&+

&+

&22+&X

2

+

2

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

*

QS&+

&O.2+ &+

2+.&O

&+

2+&X2 +&+2&X+

2

+&+2$J

2 +&22+$J

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

+

&+

&22+

&+

&22+

&+

&+

&
&

2

2

2

=DQDSLVDQLHZ]RUyZ

VWUXNWXUDOQ\FK

+&22+&+

&+

2+ +&22&+

&+

+

2

PUyZF]DQPHWDQLDQHW\OX

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

=DQD]Z HVWUX

Z]yUL]RPHUX&+

&22&+

RFWDQHWDQLDQPHW\OX

=DZ]yUL]RPHUX

=DQD]Z HVWUX

,

URODVW +

62

±NDWDOL]DWRUSRFKáDQLDZRG

=DSRGDQLHUROLNZDVX

=DGDQLH

background image

VWURQD]

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

1D

2±WOHQHNVRGX3

2

±WOHQHNIRVIRUX9

0J2±WOHQHNPDJQH]X62

±WOHQHNVLDUNL9,

$O

2

±WOHQHNJOLQX&O

2

±WOHQHNFKORUX9,,

6L2

±WOHQHNNU]HPX,9

=DND G\Z]yU

LQD]Z

[

$

1DOH \X]QDZDþLQQHSU]\M WHQD]Z\QSGLWOHQHNNU]HPXWULWOHQHNVLDUNLDOHQLHQDOH \

X]QDZDþVWDU\FKQD]ZQSWUyMWOHQHNVLDUNL

%

1D

2±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

3

2

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

0J2±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

62

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

$O

2

±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

&O

2

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

6L2

±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH>ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH@

=DXVWDOHQLHURG]DMX

ZL ]DQLD

[

7OHQNLWZRU] FH]DVDG\1D

20J2

7OHQNLRERM WQHZREHFZRG\$O

2

6L2

7OHQNLWZRU] FHNZDV\3

2

62

&O

2

=D]DNZDOLILNRZDQLH

WOHQNyZGR

RGSRZLHGQLFKJUXS

[

QS0J2+

2 0J2+

62

+

2 +

62

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

&

1DOH \X]QDZDþUyZQLH Z\EyUGZyFKWOHQNyZ]DVDGRZ\FKOXEGZyFKWOHQNyZNZDVRZ\FK
:UR]WZRU]H]QDMGXMHVL ZRGRURWOHQHNVRGX]DVDGDVRGRZD

=DQD]Z VXEVWDQFML

'

6W HQLHSURFHQWRZHZ\QRVL

=DREOLF]HQLH

(

QS0J2

0J2

62

2

62

&2

& &2

1D

&2

1D

2&2

&X2+

&X2+

2

=DUyZQD UHDNFML

[

)

2WU]\PDQRJ62

LJ&2

=DREOLF]HQLH

&D&2

&D2&2

*

:\G]LHOLVL GP

&2

=DREOLF]HQLH

=DVDG\SU]HOLF]DQLDSXQNWDFMLQDVWRSQLHV]NROQH

VWRSLH

OLF]EDSXQNWyZ

ZDUXQHN

QLHGRVWDWHF]Q\

GRSXV]F]DM F\

=DMHGQR]DGDQLHPLQSNW

GRVWDWHF]Q\

=DMHGQR]DGDQLHPLQSNW

GREU\

=DGZD]DGDQLDPLQSRSNW

EDUG]RGREU\

=DGZD]DGDQLDPLQSRSNW

FHOXM F\

background image

VWURQD]

0RGHORGSRZLHG]LLSXQNWDFMD]DGD ±]HVWDZGODDELWXULHQWyZNWyU]\UHDOL]RZDOLFKHPL ZZ\PLDU]H

PLQLPXPJRG]LQZF\NOXNV]WDáFHQLD

3XQNW\SU]\]QDZDQHV ]DFDáNRZLFLHSRSUDZQHUR]ZL ]DQLH:Z\SDGNXSRSUDZQHMDOHQLHSHáQHM

RGSRZLHG]LQDOH \SU]\]QDüSRáRZ SXQNWyZ

-H HOL SROHFHQLH EU]PLDáR Ä]DSLV] UyZQDQLH UHDNFML´ ± QLH SU]\G]LHOD VL SXQNWyZ ]D ]DSLVDQLH

VFKHPDWXSURFHVX

%UDNMHGQRVWHNZREOLF]HQLDFKREQL DSXQNWDFM RSNW
,QQHQL PRGHORZHUR]ZL ]DQLHQDOH \RFHQLü]JRGQLH]SRGDQ SXQNWDFM

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

&

+

+&O &+

±&+

±&O

QS&+

±&+

±&O.2+ &+

±&+

±2+.&O

&+

±&+

±2+&X2 &+

±&+2&X+

2

QS&+

±&+2$J

2 &+

±&22+$J

QS&+

±&22+1D2+ &+

±&221D+

2

QS&+

±&22+&D2 &+

±&22

&D+

2

&

+

+

2 &+

±&+

±2+

$

&+

±&+2+

&+

±&+

±2+

=DSLVUyZQD UHDNFML

[

&+

±&+

±&OFKORURHWDQFKORUHNHW\OX

&+

±&+

±2+HWDQRODONRKROHW\ORZ\

&+

±&+2HWDQDODOGHK\GRFWRZ\

&+

±&22+NZDVHWDQRZ\RFWRZ\

&+

±&221DRFWDQHWDQLDQVRGX

%

&+

±&22

&DRFWDQHWDQLDQZDSQLD

=DSRGDQLHQD]Z

[

&

J–J

=DREOLF]HQLH

'

6W HQLH

=DREOLF]HQLH

&+

±&221D+

2 &+

±&22+1D2+

&+

±&22

±

1D

+

2 &+

±&22+1D

2+

±

&+

±&22

±

+

2 &+

±&22+2+

±

=DQDSLVDQLHUyZQD

UHDNFML

[

(

2GF]\Q]DVDGRZ\DONDOLF]Q\

=DRNUH OHQLHRGF]\QX

&+

&+

2+.0Q2

+

62

&+

&22+0Q62

.

62

+

2

=DXáR HQLHUyZQDQLD

SRGDQLHVXEVWUDWyZL

SURGXNWyZUHDNFML

[

)

0QH 0Q

&±H &

Ž

Ž

9,,

±,

,,

,,,

=DELODQVHOHNWURQRZ\

=DGREUDQLH

ZVSyáF]\QQLNyZ

VWHFKLRPHWU\F]Q\FK

[

a

=DREOLF]HQLHa

*

.

±

=DREOLF]HQLH.

+ D+

N-PRO

=DREOLF]HQLH

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

:VNáDGM GUDZFKRG]LSURWRQyZQHXWURQyZ

=DSRGDQLHVNáDGXM GUD

$

.RQILJXUDFMDHOHNWURQRZD.

/

0

OXEV

V

S

V

S

OXE>1H@V

S

=D]DSLVNRQILJXUDFML

0Q2

+&O 0Q&O

+

2&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

0QH 0Q

&O±H &O

Ž

Ž

,9

±,

,,

=DXáR HQLHELODQVX

%

GP

&O

=DREOLF]HQLH

1D&O

1D&O

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

>1D@.

/

0

RGGDM FHWZRU]\>1D

@.

/

OXE

>1D@±V

V

S

V

RGGDM FHWZRU]\>1D

@V

V

S

>&O@.

/

0

1

SU]\MPXM FHWZRU]\>&O

±

@.

/

0

1

OXE

>&O@V

V

S

V

S

SU]\MPXM FHWZRU]\>&O

±

@V

V

S

V

S

=DNRQILJXUDFM

HOHNWURQRZ DWRPyZ

LMRQyZ

[

6WZLHUG]HQLHZL ]DQLHSROHJDQDHOHNWURVWDW\F]Q\PSU]\FL JDQLXVL MRQyZ

OXESU]HGVWDZLHQLHVFKHPDWXWZRU]HQLDZL ]DQLDMRQRZHJR

=DZ\MD QLHQLHLVWRW\

ZL ]DQLD

5y QLFDHOHNWURXMHPQR FL

=DREOLF]HQLH

&

:L ]DQLHMRQRZH

=DW\SZL ]DQLD

'

QS%DGDP\RGF]\QUR]WZRUyZ]DSRPRF ZVND QLNyZ

1D&O±RGF]\QRERM WQ\QLHXOHJDK\GUROL]LH

$O&O

±RGF]\QNZD Q\$O

+

2 $O2+

+

QS'RGDMHP\GRREXUR]WZRUyZ1D2+

ZSUREyZFH]1D&ORVDGQLHZ\WU FLáVL

ZSUREyZFH]$O&O

Z\WU FDVL RVDG$O2+

$O&O

1D2+ $O2+

1D&O

2SLVWRNX

SRVW SRZDQLD

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

]DSLVMRQRZ\OXE

F] VWHF]NRZ\

[

[

(

=DREOLF]HQLH

6WRSLRQ\1D&O.1D

H 1D

$&O

±

±H ò&O

5R]WZyUZRGQ\.+

2H 2+

±

+

$&O

±

±H &O

UyZQDQLD

HOHNWURGRZH

[

)

0R QDRWU]\PDüGP

FKORUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

3RáR HQLHVWDQXUyZQRZDJLUHDNFMLSU]HVXQLHVL ZSUDZR

:VND]DQLH

*

8]DVDGQLHQLHZRSDUFLXRUHJXá SU]HNRU\

8]DVDGQLHQLH

=DGDQLH

background image

VWURQD]

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

&D+

2 &D2+

+

&D+&O &D&O

+

&D&+

&22+ &D&+

&22

+

&D2

&D2

&D2+

2 &D2+

&D2+

+

32

&D

32

+

2

&D2+

&2

&D&2

+

2

&D&2

Ɏ&D2&2

$

8ZDJD-DNRSURGXNW\UHDNFMLLQDOH \X]QDZDüUyZQLH ZRGRURVROH

=DUyZQD UHDNFML

[

%

8ZDJD1DOH \SU]\MPRZDüQD]Z ]ZL ]NX']DUyZQRMDNRRFWDQZDSQLD

OXEHWDQLDQZDSQLD

=DQD]Z]ZL ]NyZ

[

&

QS&D2+

32

&D

32

+

2

&D+

32

&D

32

+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

2GF]\Q]DVDGRZ\

=DRNUH OHQLHRGF]\QX

'

&D&+

&22

+

2 &D2+

&+

&22+

&D

&+

&22

±

+

2 &D

2+

±

&+

&22+

&+

&22

±

+

2 2+

±

&+

&22+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

background image

VWURQD]

(

:UHDNFML&D]ZRG Z\G]LHOLVL

PROD+

GP

+

¢

F] VWHF]HN+

=DREOLF]HQLH

[

V

V

S

V

S

V

OXE.

/

0

1

=D]DSLVNRQILJXUDFML

)

8WUDWDHOHNWURQyZGDMHWUZDá NRQILJXUDFM ]JRGQLH]UHJXá RNWHWX

=DZ\MD QLHQLH

&D2& &D&

&2

&D&

+

2 &D2+

&

+

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

*

GP

&

+

=DREOLF]HQLH

.DWRGD+

2H 2+

±

+

$QRGD&O

±

±H &O

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

+

:\G]LHOLVL GP

ZRGRUXRUD]GP

FKORUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

, D+

N-PRO

=DREOLF]HQLH

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

+&22+±NZDVPUyZNRZ\NZDVPHWDQRZ\

&+

&22+±NZDVRFWRZ\NZDVHWDQRZ\

$

&+

&+

&22+±NZDVSURSLRQRZ\NZDVSURSDQRZ\

=DZ]RU\

=DND G SDU QD]Z

WUDG\F\MQDL

V\VWHPDW\F]QD

[

[

+&22++

+&22

-

=DUyZQDQLH

%

$QLRQPUyZF]DQRZ\PHWDQLDQRZ\

=DQD]Z DQLRQX

QS)H2+&22+ +&22

)H+

2

0J&+

&22+ &+

&22

0J+

&

$O2+

&+

&+

&22+ &+

&+

&22

$O+

2

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

:\G]LHOLVL GP

ZRGRUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

'

:\G]LHOLVL ¢

F] VWHF]HNZRGRUX

=DREOLF]HQLH

6áRZQ\OXEU\VXQNRZ\RSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

=DRSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

&2

&D2+

&D&2

+

2

=DUyZQDQLH

&+

&22+1D

&2

&+

&221D+

2&2

=DUyZQDQLH

(

6W HQLHUR]WZRUX1D

&2

Z\QRVLPROGP

=DREOLF]HQLH

6áRZQ\OXEU\VXQNRZ\RSLVGR ZLDGF]HQLD

=DRSLVOXEU\VXQHN

)

QS&+

&+

&+2&X2+

&+

&+

&22+&X

2

+

2

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

* &

+

+

2

Ɏ

É

NDW

&+

&+2

QS&+

&+2$J

2 &+

&22+$J

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

.

=DREOLF]HQLH.

+

6W HQLHSRF] WNRZHNZDVX PROLGP

6W HQLHSRF] WNRZHDONRKROX PROLGP

=DREOLF]HQLHVW H

SRF] WNRZ\FK

[

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

RWU]\P\ZDQLD

&

+

62

+

,

=DUyZQDQLDG\VRFMDFML

[

+

62

62

+

+

2

2+

2

+

62

+

62

+

background image

VWURQD]

=DGDQLH

3ROHFH

QLH

0RGHORGSRZLHG]L

.U\WHULXP

3XQNWDF

MD

1D

2±WOHQHNVRGX3

2

±WOHQHNIRVIRUX9

0J2±WOHQHNPDJQH]X62

±WOHQHNVLDUNL9,

$O

2

±WOHQHNJOLQX&O

2

±WOHQHNFKORUX9,,

6L2

±WOHQHNNU]HPX,9

=DND G\Z]yULQD]Z [

$

1DOH \X]QDZDþLQQHSU]\M WHQD]Z\QSGLWOHQHNNU]HPXWULWOHQHNVLDUNLDOHQLHQDOH \

X]QDZDþVWDU\FKQD]ZQSWUyMWOHQHNVLDUNL

%

1D

2±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

3

2

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

0J2±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

62

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

$O

2

±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH

&O

2

±ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH

6L2

±ZL ]DQLHMRQRZH>ZL ]DQLHNRZDOHQF\MQHVSRODU\]RZDQH@

=DXVWDOHQLHURG]DMX

ZL ]DQLD

[

7OHQNLWZRU] FH]DVDG\1D

20J2

7OHQNLRERM WQHZREHFZRG\$O

2

6L2

7OHQNLWZRU] FHNZDV\3

2

62

&O

2

=D]DNZDOLILNRZDQLH

WOHQNyZGR

RGSRZLHGQLFKJUXS

[

QS0J2+

2 0J2+

62

+

2 +

62

=DUyZQDQLDUHDNFML

[

&

1DOH \X]QDZDþUyZQLH Z\EyUGZyFKWOHQNyZ]DVDGRZ\FKOXEGZyFKWOHQNyZNZDVRZ\FK
:UR]WZRU]H]QDMGXMHVL ZRGRURWOHQHNVRGX]DVDGDVRGRZD

=DQD]Z VXEVWDQFML

'

6W HQLHSURFHQWRZHZ\QRVL

=DREOLF]HQLH

7OHQHN]DVDGRZ\QS1D

2

7OHQHNDPIRWHU\F]Q\$O

2

7OHQHNNZDVRZ\QS3

2

=DSU]\NáDGWOHQNX

]ND GHMJUXS\

[

1D

2+&O 1D&O+

2

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

$O

2

+&O $O&O

+

2

$O

2

1D2++

2 1D>$O2+

@OXE

$O

2

1D2++

2 1D

>$O2+

@

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

[

3RQLHZD ]WUH FL]DGDQLDQLHZ\QLND HUHDNFMD]DFKRG]LZ URGRZLVNXZRGQ\PQDOH \UyZQLH X]QDZDüMDNR

SRSUDZQ\]DSLV

$O

2

1D2+ 1D

$O2

+

2

DOHZW\PZ\SDGNXPXV] E\þZ\UD QLHRNUH ORQHZDUXQNL]DFKRG]HQLDWHJRSURFHVX

(

3

2

1D2+ 1D

32

+

2

=DUyZQDQLHUHDNFML

) :\GDMQR üUHDNFMLZ\QRVL–

=DREOLF]HQLH

&D&2

&D2&2

*

:\G]LHOLVL GP

&2

=DREOLF]HQLH

=DVDG\SU]HOLF]DQLDSXQNWDFMLQDVWRSQLHV]NROQH

VWRSLH

OLF]EDSXQNWyZ

ZDUXQHN

QLHGRVWDWHF]Q\

±

GRSXV]F]DM F\

±

=DMHGQR]DGDQLHPLQSXQNWyZ

GRVWDWHF]Q\

±

=DMHGQR]DGDQLHPLQSXQNWyZ

GREU\

±

=DGZD]DGDQLDPLQSRSXQNWyZ

EDUG]RGREU\

±

=DGZD]DGDQLDPLQSRSXQNW\

FHOXM F\

±

$5.86=5(&(1=-,,2&(1<

3,6(01(-35$&<0$785$/1(-=&+(0,,

.RG

PDWXU]\VW\

,PL LQD]ZLVNR

HJ]DPLQDWRUD

background image

VWURQD]

,PL

LQD]ZLVNR

PDWXU]\VW\

ZSLVDüSRUR]NRGR

ZDQLXSUDF\

1XPHU]DGDQLD 3U]\G]LHORQHSXQNW\

7UH üPHU\WRU\F]QDUHFHQ]ML

1XPHU]DGDQLD 3U]\G]LHORQHSXQNW\

7UH üPHU\WRU\F]QDUHFHQ]ML

1XPHU]DGDQLD 3U]\G]LHORQHSXQNW\

7UH üPHU\WRU\F]QDUHFHQ]ML

à F]QDOLF]EDSXQNWyZSURSRQRZDQDRFHQD

GDWDLSRGSLVHJ]DPLQDWRUD

'HF\]MD3U]HZRGQLF] FHJR3.(

GDWDLSRGSLV3U]HZRGQLF] FHJR3D VWZRZHM.RPLVML(J]DPLQDF\MQHM


Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
arkusz chemia poziom p rok 2002 459 MODEL
arkusz chemia poziom s rok 2002 254
arkusz chemia poziom s rok 2002 345 MODEL
arkusz chemia poziom p rok 2002 459 MODEL
arkusz chemia poziom s rok 2002 254
arkusz chemia poziom p rok 2002 913
arkusz chemia poziom s rok 2002 345 MODEL
arkusz WOS poziom p rok 2002 138 MODEL
arkusz fizyka poziom r rok 2002 330
arkusz chemia poziom p rok 2006 267
arkusz fizyka poziom r rok 2002 330

więcej podobnych podstron